Alyonushka's tales - Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Literary and historical notes of a young technician Writer D. N. Mamin

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin*, known to us under the pseudonym Mamin-Sibiryak, was born on November 6, 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant (now the village of Visim near Nizhny Tagil). My mother’s family were hereditary priests. Father, Narkis Matveevich Mamin, served as rector in the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Visim. At the same time, together with his wife, he taught at a local parish school, but at the same time was a member of the Ural Society of Natural History Lovers. The mother of the future writer, nee Anna Semenovna Stepanova, is the daughter of a deacon. Dmitry became the second child of Mom’s 4 children; he had 2 more brothers and 1 sister.

Mitya was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for children of workers.

The parents wanted their son to follow in the footsteps of his ancestors. Therefore, in 1866 they sent the boy to the Yekaterinburg Theological School. He stayed there until 1868, then moved to the Perm Theological Seminary. In Perm, the young man became interested in literature.

In the spring of 1871, the young man left for St. Petersburg and entered the Medical-Surgical Academy, the veterinary department, and later transferred to medicine. After 3 years, Mamin enrolled in the natural sciences department of St. Petersburg University, where he studied for another 2 years. But his studies did not end there either. Since 1876, the young man studied at the law faculty of the university, however, he did not complete this course; he was forced to interrupt his studies due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in his health - Dmitry was diagnosed with tuberculosis. The disease was captured on initial stage, thanks to which he was completely cured.

Throughout his St. Petersburg years, Dmitry wrote short reports and stories for metropolitan newspapers. Moreover, it began to be published in 1872.

In 1877, Dmitry Narkisovich returned to his parents in Nizhnyaya Salda, where they then lived. In the summer of the same year, at a picnic, the young man met the wife of a local engineer, 30-year-old mother of 3 children, Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva. Dmitry fell in love. The woman reciprocated. The romance began.

Maria Yakimovna was a fairly wealthy lady; her father held a high position at the Demidov factories. In 1878, the woman left her husband and, under the pretext that she intended to give her children a good education, bought herself a house in Yekaterinburg and moved there with her two sons and daughter. At the same time, Dmitry Narkisovich also moved in with her, fortunately Mom’s father died and no one could prevent fornication. A little later, the entire Mamin family moved to Yekaterinburg. Maria Yakimovna and Dmitry Narkisovich lived in sin for 12 years. Alekseeva became her lover’s first adviser in his work. It was during those years that Mamin wrote the great novel “Privalov’s Millions.”

Dmitry Narkisovich traveled a lot around the Urals, studied literature on history, economics, and ethnography. He made his living from journalism, but was mainly supported by Maria Yakimovna. In 1881–1882, the writer published a series of travel essays “From the Urals to Moscow” and published them in metropolitan publications under the pseudonym D. Sibiryak. The pseudonym was automatically added to the author's surname and the result was the writer Mamin-Sibiryak.

In 1883, “Privalov’s Millions” was published in the magazine “Delo”. A second novel soon followed, “Mountain Nest.” After its release, Dmitry Narkisovich gained fame as an outstanding realist writer. Using the fees received, Mamin-Sibiryak bought a house in Yekaterinburg for his mother and brothers.

In the fall of 1890, Dmitry Narkisovich fell in love with the daughter of the Yekaterinburg photographer Heinrich, Maria Moritsevna Abramova. She was an actress and married to actor Abramov. Maria did not live with her husband and traveled with theater troupes around Russia.

Stormy romance novel The writer and actress ended with Mamin-Sibiryak’s breakup with Alekseeva and the lovers moving to St. Petersburg. On the eve of the breakup, the writer managed to publish his third novel, “Three Ends,” which was dedicated to Alekseeva.

Since the first husband did not give Abramova a divorce, she and Dmitry Narkisovich lived in an illegal marriage. On April 4, 1892, Maria Moritsevna gave birth to a daughter and died the next day. The girl was named Elena, affectionately called Alyonushka. He was an unfortunate child, seriously ill from birth. Alyonushka suffered from the dance of St. Vitta – her face was constantly twitching, convulsions occurred.

Dmitry Narkisovich was shocked by the death of his beloved woman. He set himself the goal of raising his sick daughter and devoted the rest of his life to her.

In 1894, the writer published his first work for children - the famous fairy tale "Grey Neck" about a duck with a broken wing. In Gray Neck he saw his own little sick daughter. Created in 1894–1896, “Alyonushka’s Tales” finally secured Dmitry Narkisovich’s fame as a great storyteller.

In 1900, the writer legally married for the first time - to the teacher of his daughter Olga Frantsevna Guvala.

The main trouble for Mamin-Sibiryak was the illegal birth of a girl. From the end of 1901, the writer fought for her adoption. Alyonushka's father was recorded as Maria Moritsovna's husband. After receiving his refusal from the child, a trial was held and in March 1902 the girl became the legal daughter of Dmitry Narkisovich.

Of course, all these years Mamin-Sibiryak did not abandon novelism; he composed and published the novels “Bread”, “Characters from the Life of Pepko” and “Shooting Stars”. "Were very popular" Ural stories" However, all these works did not reach the heights of “Privalov’s Millions”, created under the supervision of Maria Yakimovna.

In 1911, the writer had a stroke and was partially paralyzed. Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak died on November 15, 1912 in St. Petersburg. He was buried next to his wife in the churchyard of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. A year and a half later, in the fall of 1914, his Alyonushka died of transient consumption. The girl found peace next to her parents. In the 1950s, the remains of the Mamin-Sibiryak family were reburied at the Volkov cemetery in Leningrad.

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*The surname comes either from Tatar name– MamIn or from Bashkir name– MamIn, that’s why it was originally pronounced with an emphasis on the last syllable – MamIn.

ALENUSHKIN'S TALES

E. Permyakov. Alyonushka's tales. Staging.

GRAY NECK

I. Medvedeva, T. Shishova. Gray Neck. Staging.

G. Berezko. Gray neck. Scenario.

“It’s happiness to write for children”

Today, November 6, marks the 160th anniversary of Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak (1852 - 1912).

He was born in the Visimo-Shaitansky factory village of Verkhoturye district (Perm province). “The small mining plant... seemed to have been inserted into the jagged frame of the evergreen mountains.” Dmitry Mamin's father served as a priest, was a poor man, but internally independent and well-read: in his house on the bookshelves there were works by Karamzin, Pushkin, Gogol, Nekrasov, Turgenev, Goncharov. He loved to read himself and instilled a love of books and literature in his children. early years. In the evenings, in the Mom’s modest house, reading aloud took place, serving as a rest after the day’s work. Little Dmitry’s favorite book was “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” by S. Aksakov, which his mother read to him. As the writer himself often noted, the life of his family was very modest, but was distinguished by an extraordinary atmosphere of family relationships based on deep love everyone to everyone.

Childhood, however, ended quickly. At the age of 14, Dmitry had to say goodbye to the world loving parents And good books and start an independent life. He spent two years at theological school, then four years at the Perm Theological Seminary. Next is St. Petersburg. Dmitry studied to become a veterinarian, a lawyer, and worked part-time as a reporter. When his father fell ill and died, he had to take care of the family: he had to support his mother and young brother and sister. Having moved to Yekaterinburg, Dmitry is engaged in tutoring, journalism, and is completely immersed in studying Ural life. Trips to picturesque places of the Urals, along the Chusovaya River, new observations, acquaintances. At night he writes books: the novels “Privalov’s Millions”, “Mountain Nest”, “Wild Happiness”, “Gold”. No one at that time studied Russian capitalism and the peculiarities of Russian corruption as much as he did. Only after nine years does success come. With the first books, the glorious name “Mamin-Sibiryak” (or rather “Mamin-Uralets”) appeared in literature. At that time, everything that was beyond the Ural ridge was called Siberia). It was not for nothing that he was called the “singer of the Urals”: for his knowledge of the region, its history, nature, people, and life. He was a Uralian not only by birth, but also by heart: “When I feel sad, my thoughts are carried away to my native green mountains, it begins to seem to me that the sky there is higher and clearer, and the people are so kind, and I myself am becoming better... »

The novels of D.N. became very famous. Mamin-Sibiryak “Three Ends”, “Bread” and “Gold”, two-volume “Ural Stories”. A.P. Chekhov greatly appreciated the work of Mamin-Sibiryak, the language of his works: “All Mamin’s words are real, but he speaks them himself and doesn’t know others.”

How children's writer Mamin-Sibiryak was born on March 21, 1892. On this day his daughter Alyonushka was born. A day later, his wife died, and Dmitry was left alone with the baby, who was diagnosed with a serious illness (infantile paralysis). He became everything to her: mother, grandmother, grandfather, nanny, and teacher. When Alyonushka was not yet three weeks old, he defined the purpose of his life: “I will live for this little creature, I will work for him and I will be happy with him.” He was sure that his daughter would grow up to be beautiful and smart. If Mamin-Sibiryak were a doctor, he would treat his girl with the strongest medicines. But he was a writer. And he began to treat Lenochka with the strongest words. He inspired her that laziness, helplessness, cowardice would destroy her. That she will live if she becomes hardworking, cheerful, energetic. He wrote a whole book about all this, which he called: “Alyonushka’s Tales.” The girl could not sleep until her dad told him a story. He sat by her crib for hours and told stories, and then began to write them down. “This is my favorite book - love itself wrote it, and therefore it will outlive all the others.” He creates several novellas and short stories where birds and animals, endowed with human character, concealed Alyonushka’s weakness and fragility, and fought for life, overcoming weakness.

The most profound of Mamin-Sibiryak’s children’s works, which appeared a year and a half after Alyonushka’s birth, is usually placed in stories about animals. But is “The Gray Neck” really about waterfowl? “...They called their crippled daughter, whose wing was broken in the spring, Gray Neck...” In the magazine version, the story of Gray Neck ended tragically. But, having learned about the sea of children's tears, Mamin urgently rewrites the ending. What a joy it is to learn about the salvation of Gray Neck and to believe in a miracle with the children! Such moments of empathy and joy are precious for both children and adults. The children liked that the hunters in his stories easily talk with animals, understand them and save them. Either a swan, as in the story “The Adopted Child,” or a hare nicknamed Chernoukh, or a tiny fawn—Emelya’s grandfather tracked him down, but he couldn’t kill him—his hand didn’t rise.

The children's stories of Mamin-Sibiryak are also well known: “Emelya the Hunter”, “Winter quarters on Studenoy”, “Spit”, “The Rich Man and Eremka”. Some of them were highly appreciated during the writer’s lifetime. “Emelya the Hunter” was awarded the Prize of the Pedagogical Society in St. Petersburg, and in 1884 received the International Prize. The story “Winter quarters on Studenoy” was awarded the Gold Medal of the St. Petersburg Literacy Committee (1892).

Mamin-Sibiryak's stories instill in children a sense of kindness and mercy, a humane attitude towards nature. These works inspire faith in the power of the beauty of the world around us and evoke a feeling of delight from the harmony in nature. The writer’s good books seem to say: “Let’s live together!” Read his words: “If I were rich, I would devote myself to children’s literature. After all, it’s happiness to write for children and feel the intense attention of thousands of children’s heads that will catch every word and give the author their pure childish smiles.”

Alyonushka learned her father's lessons. She read, drew, studied the history of the Urals, and wrote poetry. In the fall of 1912, Mamin-Sibiryak died. In memory of her father, Alyonushka went on a trip to the Urals. He made a huge impression on her. However, pneumonia, which developed into consumption, put an end to her short life. In September 1914, Elena passed away. She managed to leave a will about the Mamin-Sibiryak Museum in Yekaterinburg. If the roads lead you to Yekaterinburg, be sure to find and visit the house on Pushkinskaya, 27 – D.N. House-Museum. Mamin-Sibiryak.

Dmitry Narkisovich also visited our places, in the Southern Urals. He rode on horseback from Yekaterinburg through Kasli, Kyshtym, Zlatoust, Miass... In his travel notes “Across the Urals” (as he called our region), he not only enthusiastically described nature and cities, but also talked about industry, agriculture, gold mining.

It’s a pity that Mamin-Sibiryak did not have very bright impressions of Chelyabinsk. In the story “Overnight,” he talks about an unsuccessful overnight stay in Chelyabinsk, when the city seemed dirty, gray, evil to him, when bedbugs and barking dogs kept him awake. But let's not forget that the story was written in 1891, apparently, this was our city.

We are especially proud that in our Centralized Library System there is a library named after D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak. This is a library in the Leninsky district of Chelyabinsk, whose priority area of work is literary local history.

The Writers' Union and the Ural Writers' Association, in memory of Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak, established an award named after him in several categories. In the category “Children's Literature” the diploma has the subtitle “Alyonushka”.

Of all the novels, novels, and stories of Mamin-Sibiryak, “Alyonushka’s Tales” turned out to be the most enduring. Peculiar high lessons of life, kindness, love for people, for all living things, for nature. Behind every line there is such selfless fatherly love that cannot help but touch the heart. Read “Alyonushka’s Tales” and “The Gray Neck” to your children, give them that very “vitamin of kindness and joy” without which it is so difficult for a child to grow up.

“Bay-bye-bye... One of Alyonushka’s eyes is sleeping, the other is watching; One ear of Alyonushka is sleeping, the other is listening. Sleep, Alyonushka, sleep, beauty, and dad will tell fairy tales. It seems that everything is here: the Siberian cat Vaska, the shaggy village dog Postoiko, the gray Little Mouse, the Cricket behind the stove, the motley Starling in a cage, and the bully Rooster. Sleep, Alyonushka, now the fairy tale begins”...

Russian literature XIX century

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak

Biography

Mamin-Sibiryak ( real name- Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 - 1912), Russian prose writer, playwright.

Born on October 25 (November 6, new year) in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant, Perm province, in the family of a factory priest. He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for children of workers. In 1866 he was admitted to the Ekaterinburg Theological School, where he studied until 1868, then continued his education at the Perm Theological Seminary (until 1872). During these years, he participated in a circle of advanced seminarians and was influenced by the ideas of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, and Herzen. In 1872, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy in the veterinary department. In 1876, without completing the academy course, he transferred to Faculty of Law Petersburg University, but after studying for a year, he was forced to leave it due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health (tuberculosis began). In the summer of 1877 he returned to the Urals, to his parents. The following year, his father died, and the whole burden of caring for the family fell on Mamin-Sibiryak. In order to educate his brothers and sister and be able to earn money, it was decided to move to a large cultural center. Yekaterinburg was chosen, where it begins new life. Here he married Maria Alekseeva, who became not only his wife-friend, but also an excellent adviser on literary issues. During these years, he makes many trips around the Urals, studies literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, and immerses himself in folk life, communicates with “simpletons” who have vast life experience. The first fruit of this study was a series of travel essays “From the Urals to Moscow” (1881 - 1882), published in the Moscow newspaper “Russian Vedomosti”; then his essays “In the Stones” and short stories (“At the Border of Asia”, “In Thin Souls”, etc.) were published in the magazine “Delo”. Many were signed under the pseudonym “D. Sibiryak”. The writer’s first major work was the novel “Privalov’s Millions” (1883), which was published for a year in the magazine “Delo” and was a great success. In 1884, the novel “Mountain Nest” appeared in the magazine “Domestic Notes”, which established Mamin-Sibiryak’s reputation an outstanding realist writer. Two long trips to the capital (1881 - 1882, 1885 - 1886) strengthened the writer’s literary connections: he met Korolenko, Zlatovratsky, Goltsev, etc. During these years he wrote and published a lot. short stories, essays. In 1890 he divorced his first wife and married a talented artist from the Yekaterinburg drama theater M. Abramova and moves to St. Petersburg, where the last stage of his life takes place (1891 - 1912). A year later, Abramova dies, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in the arms of her father, shocked by this death. The rise of the social movement in the early 1890s contributed to the appearance of such works as the novels “Gold” (1892) and the story “Okhonin’s Eyebrows” (1892). Mamin-Sibiryak’s works for children became widely known: “Alenushka’s Tales” (1894 - 1896), “The Gray Neck” (1893), “Across the Urals” (1899), etc. The writer’s last major works were the novels “Characters from the Life of Pepko” (1894), "Shooting Stars" (1899) and the story "Mumma" (1907). At the age of 60, on November 2 (15 NS), 1912, Mamin-Sibiryak died in St. Petersburg.

Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich (1852-1912) - Russian writer, playwright. Dmitry Mamin (Mamin-Sibiryak - pseudonym) was born on October 25 (November 6), 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant in the Perm province. His father was a factory priest and gave his son homemade primary education. Then Mamin-Sibiryak went to the Visim school, where he studied with the children of workers. He studied from 1866 for 2 years at the Ekaterinburg Theological School. Entered the Perm Theological Seminary in 1872. During his studies, he actively participates in the activities of a circle of advanced seminarians and is influenced by the works of Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, and Herzen.

Mamin-Sibiryak went to St. Petersburg in 1872 to study as a veterinarian at the Medical-Surgical Academy. Without completing his studies, in 1876 he transferred to the law department of St. Petersburg University, which, after a year of study, he was forced to leave due to financial difficulties and health problems. Mamin-Sibiryak fell ill with tuberculosis.

In the summer of 1877 he moved to his family in the Urals. A year later, the father dies. So that her sister and brothers can study, Mamin-Sibiryak and her family go to Yekaterinburg. Soon he meets Maria Alekseeva and marries her.

He begins to travel around the Urals, researching literature on local economics, history and ethnography. The first results of the studies were published under the title “From the Urals to Moscow” (1881-1882) in Moscow in periodical"Russian Gazette". The essays “In the Stones” and some stories were published in the magazine “Delo”, which also published the first novel “Privalov’s Millions” in 1883, which aroused great interest among readers.

After the divorce in 1890, he married M. Abramova and remained to live in St. Petersburg. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak died on November 2 (15), 1912.

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak(1852 - 1912) - Russian writer and playwright, classic Russian literature.
Many talented writers were born on Russian soil, and one of them is D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, whose fairy tales still delight young readers. The native Ural resident managed to convey through his works his love for his native land and careful attitude to nature. The writer's characters are very diverse - among his heroes you can see a boastful hare, a young duck and even a wise taiga tree.

Read Mamin's and Sibiryak's tales

Parents will appreciate the series of works that Dmitry Narkisovich created for his little daughter Elena. Warmth and love permeate every story that Mamin-Sibiryak came up with - “Alyonushka’s Tales” are best read aloud. Having become acquainted with the adventures of Komar Komarovich, Ersh Ershovich or Sparrow Vorobeich, children will quickly calm down and fall asleep. The rich poetic language of the Ural writer will improve both the overall development of children and their inner world.

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak; Visimo-Shaitansky plant, Sverdlovsk region; 06.11.1852 — 15.11.1912

Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak's books won love and respect for his enchanting descriptions of the picturesque nature of the Urals. There is a prize named after the writer, which is awarded to authors whose works describe this region. But his greatest popularity was brought to him by the collection “Alyonushka’s Tales,” which he named after his little daughter. Animated films have been made based on some of Mamin-Sibiryak’s fairy tales, which are still popular to read today. And many of the writer’s stories are included in the school curriculum.

Biography of Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak

Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak’s biography is full of various events. The writer was born into the family of a local priest. For a while future writer I was educated exclusively at home. But this did not in any way affect the quality of knowledge, since Dmitry’s family was intelligent and educated. Later, Mamin-Sibiryak continued his studies at the Yekaterinburg school and seminary in the city of Perm.

Initially, Dmitry planned to follow in the footsteps of his parents, but while studying at the seminary in 1872, he realized that he did not want to connect his life with the church. After that he changed a lot educational institutions, as a result of which he ended up in St. Petersburg. There he studied to become a veterinarian and a lawyer. For several years the writer tried to find his place in life.

At one point the writer’s life became more complicated terrible diagnosis— Mamin-Sibiryak was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Because of this, he was forced to return to his father's house, where after the death of his father he became the sole breadwinner. The family needed money, so Dmitry went to work in Yekaterinburg, where he met his future wife Maria.

After 1880, Mamin-Sibiryak, as later, often traveled to his native places and got acquainted with life ordinary people. Then he began to actively engage in writing. Mamin-Sibiryak’s first works were the stories “From the Urals to Moscow” and the novel “Privalov’s Millions,” which became popular and won positive praise from critics. In his works, the writer described the picturesque nature native land and life Russian people during the times of reforms. There are many fairy tales that Mamin-Sibiryak wrote for children. They are still very popular among readers.

In 1890, Dmitry and his wife divorced, and the writer married theater artist Maria Abramova. The young family moved to St. Petersburg, where they lived for a year until Abramova died. The couple left behind a small daughter who was seriously ill with chorea. It was to her that the writer dedicated his most popular collection of works for children, entitled “Alenushka’s Tales.” In this book by Mamin-Sibiryak, the fairy tales are instructive and entertaining in nature and still find a good response from young readers. Unfortunately, the writer’s daughter lived a very short life, dying at twenty-three from tuberculosis.

At the fifty-ninth year of his life, Mamin-Sibiryak suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage, as a result of which his arms and legs were paralyzed. A year later, Dmitry fell ill with pleurisy and died in the fall of 1912. The writer was buried in St. Petersburg. After some time, in honor of Mamin the Sibiryak, whose fairy tales we can read today as part of school curriculum, a theater in Nizhny Tagil and several streets in various Russian cities were named.

Books by Mamin Sibiryak on the Top books website

Siberian Mother's fairy tales for children are still popular to this day. This allowed them to get into ours. Well, the writer’s most popular collection, “Alenushka’s Tales,” is presented among. And given the consistently high interest in the writer’s work, we will see Mamin Siberian’s tales more than once among.