Asian capital. Foreign Asian countries

The list of countries in Central Asia is not very extensive, but the regions themselves occupy a sufficient portion of the landmass. These regions have their own economy, rich history, and unique cultural heritage. Before traveling for a holiday to these regions, you should familiarize yourself with the main geographical information, superficially study culture, economic nuances and many other useful aspects.

Asia is conventionally divided into the following regions: Southern part, Northern part, East Asia, South-Eastern part, Western part, Central Asia, Central part, South-Western part.

South Asia composition: Bangladesh, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka.

The central part includes: Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and the eastern Russian part.

Countries of Central-East Asia: the same as in the central part, but additionally all of Korea, China, Japan and Mongolia are added from the east.

Western part: Armenia, Palestine, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia, Georgia, Turkey, Bahrain, Syria, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Oman, Kuwait, Cyprus, Lebanon and Iraq.

The south-eastern part consists of: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Singapore, Laos, Philippines, Cambodia, Laos.

The central part of Asia is the middle territory of the region, familiar to the majority of people who previously lived on the former borders of the USSR, into which Kazakhstan did not previously fit. Based on ethnic and cultural characteristics, the territorial composition of the Asian central part may also include eastern Turkic peoples, such as the Tibetans and Mongols. Central Asia is surrounded by land on all sides; there is no access to large bodies of water. The Caspian Sea does not flow anywhere, the reservoir has no outlet. The geographical center of Asia is the Republic of Tuva, located in the territory Russian Federation.

The central part of Asia will in any case consist of the Central Asian republics previously famous USSR and Kazakhstan. Also, this conditionally divided territorial delineation includes partially or fully other states. List of Central Asian countries:

• – depending on various geographical sources, this country may be fully or partially included in other centers, for example, in the front or southern part of Asia;
• Indian region Ladakh;
• It is only partially included in the central part, but still most of it belongs to the western region;
• - partially;
• - fully;
• is part of the territorial composition of Central Asia, but if we consider the political aspect, then this area belongs to the eastern side;
• – closer to the eastern center than to the middle;
• geographically – central, but the political aspect refers it to the eastern territories;
• Part of the Russian Federation;

Historical and cultural heritage in the central countries

Today, the central part of Asia consists of five full-fledged states: Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Previously, according to the Soviet state, Kazakhstan was not included in the list of the above Islamic states; it was equated closer to the Siberian region in Russia. Nevertheless, modern world believes otherwise, that Kazakhstan is the middle part of Asia, and not otherwise. The total territorial area of ​​the Central Asian region is 3 million 994 thousand 300 square kilometers.

This region also includes some of the countries with the smallest population in the world. In general, the population does not exceed 51 million inhabitants, and this number includes more than a hundred nationalities known to the world. Among them there are also Tibetans, Koreans, Germans and Austrians. The largest nation in terms of population central region- Uzbeks. The population of Uzbekistan today exceeds 30 million inhabitants, and in neighboring countries they are also found as national minorities, therefore this nation is recognized as the most numerous.

In 1992, more than 10 million Russians lived in the Central Asian region, but after the collapse of the USSR, large-scale migration began, as a result of which the number of Russians greatly decreased in the territories of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

In the most populous country - Uzbekistan - there are famous ancient historical cities that carry all the preservation of the country's culture. In the past, these were great states with a rich history - imperial nomadic civilizations and centers of the development of Islam in the Central Asian part.

For many centuries, students came from all over the continent to receive the best education, as the region was famous for its good Islamic colleges. Also in the center of Asia, Sufism, a widespread Islamic movement of the 7-8 centuries AD, originated. In addition to all this, the central part was famous for its places of pilgrimage, and the development of the countries was prosperous compared to neighboring regions.

“Dervish Dance” is a ritual to achieve unity with God. This is the main goal of Sufism, the classical Muslim philosophy.

Basic information about the countries of the Central Asian region

Uzbekistan is the representative in the very center. Uzbekistan is historically known for the fact that many trade routes previously passed through its territories. Known to the world The Great Silk Road belongs territorially to the Uzbek lands. Lovers of history and tourism will love the country, as its history and terrain are replete with interesting finds.

Ancient historical cities are concentrated in Uzbekistan. Best representatives Eastern culture: Tashkent, Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, Kokand, Shakhrisabz. The most valuable representatives of Eastern culture are concentrated in these places - ancient monuments, architectural buildings, in general, a godsend for an inquisitive mind.

Kazakhstan in the Central Asian part is economically and territorially the most developed state. It is convenient for residents of the Russian Federation to get to this place, since Kazakhstan closely borders the lands of Russia, and this greatly influenced the cultural and historical heritage of the Kazakh homeland.

Traditions and national values The Kazakh people are closely intertwined with the events of the past - previously this people were nomadic, the tribes constantly changed their place of residence, wandering across the steppes. Modern Kazakhstan looks different - the current culture resembles a symbiosis of the Islamic world with Russian traditions, the eastern mentality is tightly connected with the bordering people.

Kyrgyzstan is rightfully recognized as the most picturesque corner among all bordering states on the territory of the Central Asian border. First of all, natural places look good, the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai mountains, where many tourists want to go on excursions. The picturesque landscape of the mountainous area gives way to green, flat pastures, where nomadic peoples lived for centuries, and also fed on thinness.

Kyrgyzstan will also be interesting for rock climbers, since near the crystal clear lakes there are gorges and caves that can be explored. Traditional values in Kyrgyzstan have been formed over centuries, so their customs are closely related to nomadic peoples, although the inhabitants of the country have long settled in their cozy homes.

South Asia is a region located on the Southern Peninsula of Hindustan, with several small coral and volcanic islands in the Indian Ocean, the Indo-Gangetic Valley, and the Himalayas. This is a remarkable part of the planet that attracts tourists and exists according to its own customs and rules.

IN South Asia includes seven countries:

1. Bangladesh;
2. Nepal;
3. Butane;
4. India;
5. Sri Lanka;
6. Pakistan;
7. Maldives.

The area of ​​the southern region is 4% of the entire earth's territory, but the density is quite high and accounts for about 20% of the total population of the planet.

In the southern part the region is surrounded by seas and bays Indian Ocean. Of all the states, only two countries, Bhutan and Nepal, do not have access to the sea.
The population fluctuates around 1.2 billion people.

Bangladesh

A relatively poor state with a rapidly growing population. Located on an area of ​​about 144,000 km2, the population is 142 million.
Most of the country is flat lowland. The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers form one channel a little west of the capital Dhaka and flow into the Bay of Bengal. The state is almost regularly subject to floods, which cause the loss of many lives.
About 20% of the country's total population lives in urban Bangladesh. Since it is difficult to find work here, people live by farming (tea, sugar cane, jute) and fishing.

State of Bangladesh

Capital of Bangladesh– Dhaka with a population of 6.97 million people. Located on the Buriganga River (Ganges). It appears to be a major port and a concentration of aquatourism.

Capital Dhaka

The main share of industrial enterprises is located in the capital and its suburbs:

• production of jute fiber,
• light and cotton.

Almost 90% of the population are Muslims.

Nepal

The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is located between two neighbors: Tibet borders it to the north, and India to the south, west and east.

The highest mountainous state is located on an area of ​​140,800 km2. Nepal's population of almost 30.4 million people professes Hinduism.

Countryside of Nepal

In Nepal, three high-altitude zones can be noted: the plain territory - 17% of the total area, the mountainous part - 64% of the area and the high-mountain Himalayan ranges.

A large number of rivers: Karnali, Arun flow south through the slopes of the Himalayas and fall into the Ganges.

The capital of the country is Kathmandu. It is home to about 1 million people.

The city has various craft workshops and small enterprises: textile, leather, pottery.

Butane

The Kingdom of Bhutan is located on the slopes of the Eastern Himalayas. On the one hand, it borders with China, on the other, its neighbor is India. Its territory is 47,000 km2. The population professing Buddhism numbers 770 thousand people.

Cities of Bhutan

Capital – Thimphu- the largest city in the state. It is home to 40 thousand people.
For the rest of the world Bhutan for a long time remained a closed state, and only in 1974 the veil was lifted a little. For 80% of the population, the agriculture and forestry industries are the main source of livelihood. Industry is undeveloped; there are a number of woodworking enterprises and the food industry.

Bhutan surprises with its contrasts. On the plain, near India, bananas grow, and on the hills, in the central part of the state, oaks grow. Bhutan is surrounded to the north by the Himalayan mountains.

India

Republic of India It is the seventh largest country in the world by area and the second largest by population. The country is located on the Hindustan Peninsula, the Himalayan Mountains and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The most significant height is Kanchenjunga (5898 meters). The number is 1.3 billion. India borders on Pakistan to the west, its eastern neighbors are Bangladesh and Myanmar, and China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast. Almost 80% of the residents profess Hinduism.

Holy city of India

Large rivers, flowing from the Himalayan mountains and flowing into the Bay of Bengal - these are the Brahmaputra and the Ganges. Several rivers: Krishna, Mahanadi, Godavari serve as the main source of irrigation. India has no large lakes.

The capital of India is New Delhi. It is located in the northern part of the country, in a seismic zone and occupies almost the entire area of ​​the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

City in India New Delhi

New Delhi is the official capital of the state and one of the districts of the city of Delhi. The Government of India buildings and various historical sites are located here.
Since 1997, Delhi has been territorially divided into 9 districts, and each of them is divided into 3 districts.

New Delhi has a population of about 295,000 people and the city of Delhi is home to over 13 million people. It is one of the most developed in economically districts.

The capital's economy consists of industries: tourism, telecommunications, information technology. Industry includes the manufacture of products for mass consumption. Delhi, in comparison with other Indian cities, has the best developed transport and infrastructure. In this regard, international corporations and automobile production are developing in the suburbs of the capital.
Energy, healthcare and various services for the population make up a significant share of the economy.

Sri Lanka

Democratic Socialist Republic. It is located on the island of the same name off the coast of Hindustan. The area of ​​the country is small - approximately 65,000 km2. Small rivers cross the length and breadth of the island: Nai-Aru, Kalu.

The majority of the population professes Buddhism - 69%, and adherents of Hinduism make up 15%. In total there are 21.7 million people.

Tea plantations in rural Sri Lanka

The country got its name from the Sanskrit “Sri” - glorious and “Lanka” - earth. Familiar to the whole world under another name - Ceylon. The state is proud of its huge tea plantations and rice fields.

The capital of Sri Lanka was moved from Colombo to the nearby suburb of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte in 1982. Here is the state parliament and Supreme Court. The process of moving the capital has not yet been completed. Kotte has a population of 150,000 inhabitants. In fact, the capital continues to be Colombo - the most big city in the country (nearly 600 thousand people). Colombo has a deep-water harbor, and the city center is located close to the port. Colombo Port is the largest in South Asia. Several industries are developed here: chemical, glass, woodworking, textile and oil refining.

Pakistan

The country arose as a result of the division of British India in 1947 and is officially called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Borders with the countries: Iran, India, China, Afghanistan.

City and slums of Pakistan

In the south there is access to the Arabian Sea. There is a relatively high population density. It ranks sixth in the world in terms of the number of residents - almost 194 million people with an available territory of 803,940 km2. The majority of the population professes Islam - more than 97%. Most of the region is the Indus Plain and the mountains located to the north and west, belonging to the Iranian Plateau.

The capital of the country is Islamabad. It was founded in 1967. The population is 1,150,000 people. The Indus River flows to the west of the capital, and the Himalayas stretch east of the city.
Since Islamabad was originally built as a capital, there is practically no industry in the city.

Islamabad city

The exceptions are:

• light, food industry, handicrafts.
• The financial sector and telecommunications industries are developing.

Maldives

The state is located on several small islands in the Indian Ocean. The closest states: India, Sri Lanka. The Republic of Maldives includes 1196 islands, the length from east to west is 130 km, from south to north – 823 km. The islands are of volcanic origin and form a paired necklace of 26 large coral areas (atolls). From total number Only 202 islands are inhabited. The longest island is eight kilometers. Due to the gradual melting of glaciers, the Maldives is at risk of flooding.

City in the Maldives

The population living on the archipelago is 400,000 people. The population professes Islam.

Capital Male located on the neighboring islands of Villingili and Male. The territory is 5.8 km2, the number of inhabitants is about 105 thousand people.
The lack of industry determined the occupation of the population: fishing, resort business.

We continue to get acquainted with the origin of the names of the capitals of the world. Previously, a page about European capitals was prepared. This page deals with the capitals of Asian states, as well as states partially located in Europe or Oceania, but mainly in Asia.

Abu Dhabi. Capital of the United Arab Emirates. The city was founded in 1760. In most cases, the name of the city is translated from Arabic as “father of the gazelle.” There is a known legend about a gazelle, which led hunters to the oasis on which the city was founded. However, there is an opinion that the toponym Abu Dhabi associated not with the name of the animal, but with a personal name from this name.

Amman. Capital of Jordan. The city has existed for several thousand years. Ancient name – Rabat-Amon“city of Amun” (Amon is the sun god of the ancient Egyptians).

Ankara. Capital of Turkey. The city has been known since the 7th century BC. e. The toponym goes back to the Phrygian word anchor“anchor”, the meaning of which has developed into “parking, a stopping place along the way.”

Astana. Capital of Kazakhstan. The city was founded in 1830 as a Cossack outpost. Until 1961 it was called Akmolinsk. In 1961–1992 – Tselinograd. In 1992–1998 – Akmola. From May 6, 1995 – Astana. Toponym Akmola (Akmolinsk– Russified form) translated from Kazakh – “white grave”, “white shrine”. Tselinograd was named in memory of the development of virgin and fallow lands of Kazakhstan. The modern name comes from the Kazakh word Astana- "capital".

Ashgabat. Capital of Turkmenistan. Founded in 1881 and named after a nearby village Askhabad, which translated from Turkmen means “beloved city”. In 1919–1927 was called Poltoratsk in memory of the Commissioner of Labor of the Turkestan Republic. In 1927–1991 it was called Ashgabat(refined form of toponym Ashgabat). Since 1991 – Ashgabat, which is more consistent with Turkmen pronunciation. Russian still uses the older form Ashgabat.

Baghdad. Capital of Iraq. The city was founded in 763. The toponym is of Iranian origin. Means “given by God.” In Arabic it's called Dar es Salaam- “abode of peace.”

Baku. Capital of Azerbaijan. Located in the southern part of the Absheron Peninsula. The toponym has been known since the 5th century, but its etymology has not been fully clarified. There are several versions. Explanations such as “wind-blown” (from Arabic via Persian) or “mountain wind” are considered unscientific. The Iranian explanation has not been proven either. abad"city" + ku“fire” (in connection with the religion of fire worshipers). It is more plausible to derive the name of the city from Lak (one of the Turkic languages) Baku“hill”, or from an ethnonym cormorants (bagans)- the most ancient inhabitants of the Absheron Peninsula.

Bangkok. Capital of Thailand. Derived from the Bengali language. There is no consensus on the etymology of the toponym. Among the translations are “city of wild plum”, “forest village”, “olive thickets”. Toponym Bangkok Used only outside Thailand. In Thailand itself, the capital is usually called Krung Thep- “city of the gods.”

Bandar Seri Begawan. Capital of Brunei. Until 1970 the city was called Brunei, or Brunei Town. Supposedly goes back to Sanskrit varuṇ- either “ocean” or “lord of the ocean”. According to another version, translated from Malay it means “plant”. In 1970, the capital was renamed in honor of the former Sultan of Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. Translated from Malay - “the city of his lordship.”

Beirut. Capital of Lebanon. The city has been known since the 15th BC. e. The toponym is of Phoenician (according to others - Semitic) origin and means “well”.

Bishkek. Capital of Kyrgyzstan. The city grew out of the Kokand fortress, built in 1825. It was called Pishpek. The name of the fortress passed to the city, which received this status in 1878. From 1926 to February 1991 it was called Frunze, in honor of a native of Pishpek, Mikhail Frunze, a famous Bolshevik and Soviet military leader. Since February 1, 1991 it has had its modern name Bishkek, which is considered a more accurate form of the former name from the point of view of the norms of the Kyrgyz language Pishpek. Regarding the etymology of the toponym Bishkek there is no consensus. According to one version, it comes from the name of the batyr of Bishkek (lived in the 18th century). According to another version, it is translated as “club, club.”

Vientiane. Capital of Laos. From an ancient Khmer word meaning "fortification, walled city." The city has been known since the 13th century.

Dhaka. Capital of Bangladesh. The most common explanation is on behalf of the Hindu goddess of fertility. Durga. But it has been suggested that this is not the case.

Damascus. Capital of Syria. The origin of this ancient toponym is not entirely clear. One version: the name goes back to the Semitic languages ​​and means “business (useful).”

Delhi. Capital of India. In ancient times the city was called Indraprastha, or Indrabara(according to one version, the name of the king of the gods Indra + “great”). Later the city began to be called by the name of Raja Dilla from the Mauryan dynasty.

Jakarta. Capital of Indonesia. Explanation from Sanskrit jaya-kerta– the “place of victory” is considered unreliable. During the period of Dutch rule (from the 18th century to 1945), the city was called Batavia(after the ancient Roman name for Holland).

Doha. Capital of Qatar. The city has existed since 1825. At first it was called Al-Bida. Toponym Doha- Arabic origin. Its etymology is “big tree”.

Dushanbe. Capital of Tajikistan. The city arose from a village Duchambé in 1925. The name translated from Tajik means “Monday” (the day on which the market took place).. In 1929–1961. was called Stalinabad(“Stalin’s city”)

Yerevan. Capital of Armenia. The founding year is considered to be 782 BC. e. Several explanations for this toponym have been proposed, most of which have no scientific basis. For example, and Persian ravan « fast current", from the name of a certain founding khan Revan, from Urartian Erebuni- “the abode of the god Aru” or as “the brilliant descendant of the eagle.” Ancient name of the fortress Erebuni(on the site of present-day Yerevan) are also derived from the name of a nationality or tribal union.

Jerusalem. Capital of Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The city has been known since the 19th–18th centuries. BC e. The most common etymology is "city of the god Shalim". The explanations “house (people) of the world”, “house of stone” are considered later folk etymology. The Arabs call this city El Quds- “sacred”.

Islamabad. Capital of Pakistan. This new city, built as the capital in the 60s. XX century The official religion of Pakistan is Islam. Accordingly, the capital was given the name “city of Islam.”

Kathmandu. Capital of Nepal. The city was founded in 723, but the oldest archaeological finds on its territory date back to 185. Until the 16th century. was called Kantipur, which means “city of beauty” in Sanskrit. Most often toponym Kathmandu derived from the name of the temple Kastamandap (“tree” + “sheltered shelter”), built in 1596. According to another explanation, the components of the toponym mean “house, village, city” (Indo-European word) + “temple” (translated from Hindi) , i.e. “city of temples”. Another proposed etymology is “place of boundary.”

Kuala Lumpur. Capital of Malaysia. The city was founded in 1857. The name is Malay. The first part is translated as “mouth”, the second – “silt, silty”. The latter is a characteristic of the Gombak and Klang rivers, at the mouth of which the city is located.

Lefkosa. The name of the northern part of Nicosia, which is the capital of the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Is a Turkish form of a Greek place name Levkosia(see Nicosia).

Male. Capital of the Republic of Maldives. The city is more than 800 years old. There is no unambiguous interpretation of the toponym. According to one version, from the same Indo-European root as the toponym Maldives and means “to stand out in relief”, “to rise”, “to grow”. According to another version, it consists of two Sanskrit stems, which are translated as “big” + “blood”.

Manama. The capital of Bahrain (an island state in the Persian Gulf). The city has been known since 1345. The name is Arabic in origin. Means either “resting place” or “dream place”.

Manila. Capital of the Philippines. The city was founded in 1571 by the Spaniards. The toponym contains a prefix ma-, which in Tagalog indicates the abundance of something, and the basics Nila– “Manila indigo” (a type of tree).

Muscat. Capital of the Sultanate of Oman. People lived in the area of ​​the city back in the 6th millennium BC. e. The etymology of the toponym is not fully understood. There are known attempts at interpretation based on the Arabic language - “inflated skin”, “anchorage”, “falling place”. It is also believed to be of Persian origin - “strong aroma”.

Muzaffarabad. The administrative center of the Pakistani territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The city is named after Sultan Muhammad Muzaffar Khan (the first Muslim ruler in Kashmir). Translated from Arabic name Muzaffar means "winner, victorious." In the local language the city was called Udabhanda.

Naypyitaw. Capital of Myanmar (formerly Burma). Translated from Burmese it means “royal capital”, “royal city of the sun” (literal translation). Until November 2005 the capital was Yangon, whose name is translated as “the end of strife.” English imitation of a place name Yangon in one of the local dialects - Ragoon(under this name the city was known throughout the world for a long time).

Nicosia. The capital of the Republic of Cyprus and the partially self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Founded in the 11th century. BC e. In antiquity, the city-state of Ledra existed on this site. During the period approx. 280 BC e. – IV century n. e. was called Leucoteon Three etymologies are given for this toponym. According to one version, it comes from the name of Levko, the son of Ptolemy I Lagus. According to another version, the toponym is associated with white poplar. Also associated with the name of the goddess Leucotea (“white goddess”). Since 348 it is called Levkosia(phonetic transformation of toponym Leucoteon). Outside Cyprus the toponym is used Nicosia- that's the name Levkosia pronounced by the Frankish crusaders.

New Delhi. The capital of India (since 1911, before that - Calcutta). Occupies the southern part of Delhi. Literally "new Delhi". In ancient times, on the site of Delhi there was the city of Indrabara (“the great Indra”). The place name Delhi is associated with the name of Raja Dilli from the Mauryan dynasty, who founded his capital here.

To be continued

Sources

Nikonov V. A. Brief toponymic dictionary. M., 1966.

Pospelov E.M. School toponymic dictionary. M., 1988.

April 17, 2016

Asia is the most populous part of the world. On its territory there are some of the most developed cities in the world - these are, of course, the capitals of Asia. And at the same time, there are extremely poor regions here. This is the side of contrasts, where luxury and poverty coexist, huge cities and small villages, the most ancient historical monuments and modern megacities, the highest mountains and the deepest depressions.

Asia is a unique part of the world

Asia is recognized as the largest part of the world. Its territory is so large that it occupies climatic zones from north to south from Arctic to equatorial, from the Arctic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, from east to west - from Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic seas, that is, Asia touches all the oceans of the Earth. From a geographic point of view, Asia is also interesting because about two-thirds of its territory is occupied by mountains and plateaus. The uniqueness of this part of the world also lies in the extraordinary diversity of its fauna: polar bears and pandas, seals and elephants, Ussuri and Borneo tigers, snow leopards and Gobi cats, loons and peacocks. The geography of Asia is unique, as are the peoples living on its territory. The countries and capitals of Asia are multinational and multicultural.

Asia: countries

The list of Asian countries varies depending on the criteria by which the classification is carried out. Thus, Georgia and Azerbaijan belong either to Europe or to Asia, which is associated with different options borders between two parts of Eurasia. Russia is and European country, and Asian, since the bulk of the population lives in the European part, and most of the territory is located in the Asian part. The discussed countries of Asia and their capitals, a list of which is given in the table, are located on the border of two cardinal directions.

On the territory of Asia there are countries that are partially recognized (North Ossetia, the Republic of China, Palestine, Abkhazia and others) or unrecognized (Shan State, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Waziristan), there are territories dependent on other states (Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Hong Kong, Macau and others).

Video on the topic

Asian countries and their capitals: list

There are 57 states in Asia, 3 of which are not recognized, 6 are partially recognized. A general list of countries with different statuses is given in the table below, where the capitals are listed in alphabetical order.

Capitals and countries of Asia

Date of foundation	Asian countries
Abu Dhabi	18th century AD	United Arab Emirates
Amman	13th century BC	Jordan
Ankara	5th century BC	Türkiye
Astana	19th century AD	Kazakhstan
Ashgabat	19th century AD	Turkmenistan
Baghdad	8th century AD	Iraq
Baku	5-6th century AD	Azerbaijan
Bangkok	14th century AD	Thailand
Bandar Seri Begawan	7th century AD	Brunei
Beirut	15th century BC	Lebanon
Bishkek	18th century AD	Kyrgyzstan
Vana	19th century AD	Waziristan (unrecognized)
Vientiane	9th century AD	Laos
Dhaka	7th century AD	Bangladesh
Damascus	15th century BC	Syria
Jakarta	4th century AD	Indonesia
Dili	18th century AD	East Timor
Doha	19th century AD	Qatar
Dushanbe	17th century AD	Tajikistan
Yerevan	7th century BC	Armenia
Jerusalem	4 thousand BC	Israel
Islamabad	20th century AD	Pakistan
Kabul	1st century BC	Afghanistan
Kathmandu	1st century AD	Nepal
Kuala Lumpur	18th century AD	Malaysia
Lefkosa	11th century BC	Republic of Turkey Northern Cyprus(partially recognized)
Male	12th century AD	Maldives
Manama	14th century AD	Bahrain
Manila	14th century AD	Philippines
Muscat	1st century AD	Oman
Moscow	12th century AD	Russian Federation
Muzaffarabad	17th century AD	Azad Kashmir (partially recognized)
Naypyitaw	21st century AD	Myanmar
Nicosia	4 thousand BC	Cyprus
New Delhi	3rd century BC	India
Beijing	4th century BC	People's Republic of China
Phnom Penh	14th century AD	Cambodia
Pyongyang	1st century AD	Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Ramallah	16th century AD	Palestine (partially recognized)
Sana	2nd century AD	Yemen
Seoul	1st century BC	Korea
Singapore	19th century AD	Singapore
Stepanakert	5th century AD	Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (unrecognized)
Sukhum	7th century BC	Abkhazia (partially recognized)
Taipei	18th century AD	Republic of China (partially recognized)
Taungdi	18th century AD	Shan (unrecognized)
Tashkent	2nd century BC	Uzbekistan
Tbilisi	5th century AD	Georgia
Tehran	12th century AD	Iran
Tokyo	12th century AD	Japan
Thimphu	13th century AD	Butane
Ulaanbaatar	17th century AD	Mongolia
Hanoi	10th century AD	Vietnam
Tskhinvali	14th century AD	South Ossetia (partially recognized)
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte	13th century AD	Sri Lanka
Kuwait City	18th century AD	Kuwait
Riyadh	4-5 c. AD	Saudi Arabia

Ancient cities of Asia

Asia is the side of the world where ancient civilizations actively developed. And the territory of Southeast Asia is presumably the ancestral home ancient man. Ancient documents testify to the prosperity of some cities even several millennia BC. Thus, the city on the Jordan River was founded approximately in the 8th millennium BC, and it was never empty.
The city of Byblos on the Lebanese shore of the Mediterranean Sea dates back to the 4th millennium BC. Asia is not called mysterious for nothing: many capitals of Asia keep ancient history and exceptional culture.

Largest cities and capitals

Asia is not only about exceptional ancient civilizations. These are also leading modern industrial centers.
The most developed and largest cities and capitals of Asia, the list of which is given below, are important points in the global financial industry. These are Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Moscow, Tokyo, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangkok, Abu Dhabi, Istanbul, Riyadh and some others. All of these largest cities in Asia are cities with populations of many millions.

Southeast Asia is a fairly large region of the planet, within which 600 million people live. Today there are 11, the list of which is given below, which differ significantly from each other in terms of level and models of economic development. These differences will be discussed in our article.

Countries of Southeast Asia: list and capitals

The Southeast Asia region covers an area of ​​five million square kilometers. From the name itself it is clear that it is located in the southeastern part of Asia. Geographers usually include 11 states in this region. Six of them are located on the continent, and another five are on islands and archipelagos adjacent to the mainland.

So, all the countries of Southeast Asia (list):

• Vietnam.
• Cambodia.
• Laos.
• Myanmar.
• Thailand.
• Malaysia.
• Indonesia.
• Philippines.
• Singapore.
• Brunei.
• East Timor.

It is worth noting that geographically, Southeast Asia also includes the eastern parts of India and Bangladesh.

Southeast Asia: cultural and economic-geographical characteristics of the region

This region is home to at least 600 million people, 35% of whom are from one country, Indonesia. This is where (the most densely populated on the planet) is located. There are quite a lot of migrants from China in the region. They mainly settle in Malaysia, the Philippines and

The indigenous peoples of this region are highly diverse. Malays, Thais, Vietnamese, Burmese, Javanese and dozens of smaller nations live within Southeast Asia. The most popular religions here are Islam and Buddhism; Protestantism is widespread in some areas.

The formation of local culture was significantly influenced by Chinese, Indian, Arab, and Spanish cultures. The cult of tea and the habit of eating with chopsticks are also very common in Southeast Asia. Music, architecture, painting differ very little in each of ethnic groups region.

The economies of many Southeast Asian countries are heavily dependent on agriculture, industry and services are gradually developing. In some countries of the region, tourism has become an important sector of the national economy (primarily Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia).

Developing countries of Southeast Asia: list

A developing country is a rather relative concept. It refers to a state whose performance is significantly lower than that of the rest of the world.

According to the generally accepted classification, all 11 countries of Southeast Asia should be classified as developing countries. However, among them there are three countries with a weaker level of development. They are also called These include:

• Laos.
• Cambodia.
• Myanmar.

Brunei is considered the richest and most developed state in the region, which is often called the “Islamic Disneyland”. The reason for this prosperity is simple - solid reserves of oil and gas. The country has long been in the top ten in terms of income level. It is curious that every second person who works at industrial enterprises in Brunei came here from neighboring, less prosperous countries.

NIS countries in the region

New (abbreviated as NIS) is understood as a group of states that have experienced a significant leap in development and have significantly improved all their economic and social indicators in a very short time. short time(only a few decades).

The countries of this group demonstrate amazing rates (up to 5-8% per year), generate powerful transnational corporations, and actively implement latest technologies, a lot of attention and funds are allocated to the development of science and education. Which states in the region can be classified as NIS?

So, the newly industrialized countries of Southeast Asia (list):

• Singapore.
• Malaysia.
• Thailand.
• Indonesia.
• Philippines.

In addition, another country in the region - Vietnam - has very real prospects of joining this list.

In conclusion...

The countries of Southeast Asia, the list of which is given in this article, belong to developing countries of weak and medium development. Their economies still rely heavily on agriculture.

The most developed countries in the region are Singapore and Brunei, while the poorest are Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar.