Bazarov consumer attitude towards nature. The problem of attitude towards nature, arguments from works for C1 in the Unified State Exam in Russian. Bazarov's attitude to nature

For many centuries people have argued about what nature is? Some considered it a temple and revered it, others considered it a workshop where a person worked. Evgeny Bazarov also shared this opinion, but what does the author think? For a more accurate answer, consider the attitude of the main characters to nature.

One of the first characters Turgenev tells us about is Nikolai Kirsanov. He is a truly kind-hearted and romantic person: he reads a lot of poetry, and at the age of 44 also plays the cello.

Such a character cannot help but love nature, because it is while being with her that he thinks about something and dreams. An example of this is the episode in the gazebo, where Nikolai, admiring the evening view, indulges in “the sad and joyful game of lonely thoughts.” This definitely shows that Nikolai Petrovich loves and admires nature.

Similar thoughts are present in Arkady. Kirsanov’s son, raised in such a highly moral environment, may have fallen in love with nature from childhood. He lived in the village, his parents “read together, played four hands on the piano, sang duets; she planted flowers,” therefore, this could affect Arkady’s attitude to beauty, and therefore to the world around him. Although Kirsanov adhered to nihilism, denied nature, but in fact, just like his father, he felt it deeply “So Arkady thought... and while he was thinking, spring took its toll... Arkady looked and looked, and, little by little weakening, his thoughts disappeared.” To once again prove his true attitude towards the world, let us turn to the episode at the haystack, when Arkady begins to openly express his opinion to Bazarov in relation to nature: “Dry maple leaf comes off and falls to the ground; his movements are similar to the flight of a butterfly…” - that is, to speak poetry. And so, to summarize, we can say that Kirsanov’s sense of nature has been ingrained since childhood, which means he certainly did not think of it as a “workshop.”

What is Bazarov’s attitude towards nature? This person denies everything in the world, including the beauty and spirituality of the world around him. He sees in it only its material properties, considers it as a large reserve of resources, which is confirmed by his phrase: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” However, the nihilist, who expressed his opinion against all feelings, ends up falling in love himself. And in a fit of violent thoughts, he goes into the forest, thereby turning to nature, which not so long ago he vehemently denied. Also, Bazarov did not always treat the world around him with indifference; earlier, in childhood, aspen served him as a talisman against boredom, that is, again, nature had a greater meaning in Bazarov’s life. “At that time I was sure that this pit and aspen had a special talisman: I I was never bored around them." And so, therefore, Evgeny Bazarov treats nature as something materially worthwhile, but subsequently discovers romanticism (feelings) in himself, which indicates his no longer so “cold” approach to it.

Thus, all of the above, if not completely, then partially reflects the author’s point of view. I believe that Turgenev could not adhere to Bazarov’s opinion, otherwise he would not have introduced so many characters who admired nature so much. Also, the work would not simply have so many episodes describing nature, because for him it helps to create not only beautiful background, but also to show the mood of the characters. And he expresses his complete attitude towards this subject in last chapter, in a rural cemetery: “No matter what passionate, rebellious heart hides in the grave, the flowers growing on it serenely look at you with their innocent eyes:... they tell us about that great calm of “indifferent” nature; they also speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life.” The author emphasizes that time is fleeting and a person before this eternal universe loses his purpose, in this case refuting Bazarov’s words, and therefore disagreeing with him.

Updated: 2018-07-05

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The problem of attitude towards nature, arguments from works for C1 in the Unified State Exam in Russian:

I. S. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”

People forget that nature is their native and only home that requires careful attitude to himself, which is confirmed in the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. Main character, Evgeny Bazarov, is known for his categorical position: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” This is exactly how the Author sees a “new” person in him: he is indifferent to the values ​​accumulated by previous generations, lives in the present and uses everything he needs, without thinking about what consequences this may lead to. In I. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” it rises hot topic relations between nature and man. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic pleasure in nature, perceives it as a workshop, and man as a worker. Arkady, Bazarov's friend, on the contrary, treats her with all the admiration inherent in a young soul. In the novel, each hero is tested by nature. For Arkady, communication with the outside world helps to heal mental wounds; for him this unity is natural and pleasant. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek contact with her - when Bazarov felt bad, he “went into the forest and broke branches.” She does not give him the desired peace of mind or peace of mind. Thus, Turgenev emphasizes the need for a fruitful and two-way dialogue with nature.

M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"

The close emotional connection between man and nature can be traced in Lermontov’s story “A Hero of Our Time.” The events in the life of the main character, Grigory Pechorin, are accompanied by changes in the state of nature in accordance with changes in his mood. Thus, considering the duel scene, the gradation of the states of the surrounding world and Pechorin’s feelings is obvious. If before the duel the sky seemed to him “fresh and blue” and the sun “brightly shining,” then after the duel, looking at Grushnitsky’s corpse, the heavenly body seemed “dim” to Gregory, and its rays “did not warm.” Nature is not only the experiences of the heroes, but is also one of the characters. The thunderstorm becomes the reason for a long meeting between Pechorin and Vera, and in one of the diary entries preceding the meeting with Princess Mary, Grigory notes that “the air of Kislovodsk is conducive to love.” With such an allegory, Lermontov not only more deeply and fully reflects internal state heroes, but also indicates his own, authorial presence by introducing nature as a character.

E. Zamyatin “We”

Addressing classical literature, I would like to give an example of E. Zamyatin’s dystopian novel “We”. Refusing the natural beginning, the inhabitants One State become numbers whose lives are determined by the framework of the Tablet of Hours. Beauty native nature replaced by perfectly proportioned glass structures, and love is only possible with a pink card. The main character, D-503, is doomed to mathematically verified happiness, which is found, however, after the removal of fantasy. It seems to me that with such an allegory Zamyatin was trying to express the inextricability of the connection between nature and man.

S. Yesenin “Go you, Rus', my dear” One of the central themes of the lyrics of the brightest poet of the 20th century S. Yesenin is nature native land. In the poem “Go you, Rus', my dear,” the poet abandons paradise for the sake of his homeland, its flock is higher than eternal bliss, which, judging by other lyrics, he finds only on Russian soil. Thus, feelings of patriotism and love for nature are closely intertwined. The very awareness of their gradual weakening is the first step towards a natural, real peace that enriches the soul and body.

In the middle of the 19th century in Russian public life new trends emerge. Turgenev's idea was to show the clashes of social forces after the reform, the beginning of that dispute, which soon led to a split of social forces into liberal nobles and democrats-commoners. Turgenev returned to the beginning of the conflict to understand its origins.
According to Pisarev, Turgenev’s novel is not the answer to the question about the new generation “Who are you? What are you like? - and this question itself. In the image of Bazarov, Turgenev shows the type of a new person, reflects on his fate and significance for Russia.
Turgenev began his novel with hostility towards the main character, but gradually his attitude towards Bazarov changed. Bazarov's character is contradictory, and his fate is tragic, since he is lonely.
One of the reasons for Bazarov's loneliness is his worldview. He himself calls himself a nihilist, that is, “a person who denies everything.” Bazarov’s attitude to nature, art, religion, love can be understood from his aphoristic statements, for example: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and a person is a worker in it,” “The only good thing about a Russian person is that he has a very bad opinion of himself,” “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Bazarov is extremely categorical in his judgments; he declares that he does not recognize authorities. At the same time, this hero also has positive qualities: he is smart, educated, knows how to win people over, noble. A consequence of Bazarov’s worldview is his careless manner of communication and swagger. Bazarov's loneliness also appears in his relationships with people. Although he has the gift of “inspiring trust in people,” he does not stay anywhere for long, unable to find a place for himself.

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Turgenev, being himself noble origin, planned to portray his hero unsightly, to focus readers’ attention on the soullessness of nihilists. And Bazarov’s attitude to nature is the clearest marker of the author’s idea.

History of creation

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a writer whose contribution to the development of Russian literature of the 19th century is almost invaluable. And it’s not for nothing that the novel “Fathers and Sons” is the writer’s seminal work.

In the summer of 1860, the idea for the novel arose. Turgenev first mentions it in a letter to E. E. Lambert and speaks of his idea as a “big story.” The writer plans to quickly finish the work, but he manages to do it six months later. As a result, the novel was completed in July-August 1861.

But final preparations for publication were completed only in 1862. Turgenev did not edit the novel any more, he only eliminated typos.

Turgenev's opinion about his novel

The author dedicated one of the editions of “Fathers and Sons” specifically to V. G. Belinsky. With this, Turgenev declared his loyalty to the ideas associated with the name of the great Russian critic, and the groundlessness of the accusations that rained down on him from Russian revolutionary democrats, who believed that Turgenev wanted to portray them. In addition to the dedication, Turgenev wanted to place a preface to the novel, but his friends dissuaded him.

Discussion of the novel

The novel had a great resonance in society. Almost all newspapers responded to the publication of the work with articles and essays.

“Fathers and Sons” caused a lot of controversy both among Turgenev’s like-minded people and political opponents. By choosing as his hero a democrat-materialist who rejects noble traditions and proclaims new principles of relations between people, the writer was able to show the universal human value of these new ideals, which are only just beginning to emerge. Bazarov is the hero of a new generation, he aroused interest and caused controversy.

Thus, Turgenev reflected in his novel the conflict of his era, posing a number of problems, primarily about the role and character of the “new man,” the man-doer.

System of images of the novel

The main character of Fathers and Sons became a mouthpiece for the ideas of revolutionary democracy, as Turgenev intended. Bazarov is contrasted with liberals from the noble class. His image is key in the composition of the novel; all events, one way or another, are connected with him.

All characters works are revealed only through interaction with Bazarov, and at the same time they will always highlight or focus on the personality of the main character. It is necessary to reveal their image in order to emphasize Bazarov’s intelligence, his superiority, and the loneliness from which he suffers surrounded by the aristocracy.

Image of Bazarov

The plot is based on Bazarov's clash with the aristocratic world. The world of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is topical and relevant for contemporaries. whom he speaks of as a hero of his time - a commoner, a democrat, a working man. He is far from aristocratic conventions and etiquette.

In a collision with other characters they appear best qualities Bazarova. Disputes with Pavel Petrovich reveal the depth of judgment, maturity of mind, hatred of slavery and lordship. Friendship with Arkady is the ability to convince others that you are right, to be a mentor.

Evgeny Bazarov is an independent, proud person who does not bow to authority. The main thing for him is to comprehend. When Bazarov talks about nature, the nature of a scientist immediately appears in him, which was typical of the sixties. He needs to explore, understand and apply, and not mindlessly contemplate.

Turgenev takes his hero through trials: first with love, then with death. Falling in love with Odintsova, a proud and brave woman, Bazarov forgets about nihilism, he completely surrenders to feeling. But on the verge of death, he is again true to himself and fearlessly ready to accept death. It is in this scene, the last scene for Bazarov, that all the strength of his soul, the unshakability of his convictions and aspirations are manifested.

Bazarov's attitude to nature

“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it” - this phrase embodies the whole essence of the protagonist’s attitude to the world. He does not see beauty in nature, and he does not see it anywhere, because the main thing is benefit and purpose.

Definitely - for him it is a workshop. Nature was created not for empty admiration, but in order to study it, transform it, change it as necessary. The only thing that can shake this confidence is love. A nihilist cannot love because he denies this very feeling. But with the advent of Odintsova, the world is transformed; it is no longer just a workshop.

Bazarov and Odintsova

The love line is of great importance for the novel “Fathers and Sons”. Bazarov, whose characterization before meeting with was clearly nihilistic, changes to the completely opposite. His ideals are crumbling, his ideas about the world are transformed, he begins to doubt himself and his beliefs.

Anna, smart and beautiful woman, immediately attracts Bazarov’s attention, he feels in her. After a conversation with her, the hero realizes that he has fallen in love. Odintsova reveals herself as a person with her own beliefs and views, she can conduct a conversation on equal terms and not yield to Evgeniy in anything.

Bazarov's declaration of love is depicted by Turgenev very dramatically. Odintsova is the first to invite Evgeny to a heart-to-heart conversation, and it gradually becomes clear that she is in love with him. But Anna makes sure that he confesses first.

At this moment, Bazarov is torn by contradictions: he loves and is angry at the same time. As a nihilist, he cannot accept love; it will make him insignificant and pathetic. For him, strong personality, to fall in love means to succumb to weakness, to become weak-willed. But gradually he comes to understand that he is no longer able to resist this “disease”.

Love collapses Bazarov's theories and leads to disappointment in oneself. However, at this moment, what worries him most is that Odintsova will not decide on mutual feelings.

Evgeniy's fears were justified, they remained only friends.

Conclusion

The image of nature has always been significant. Just remember “Notes of a Hunter,” where many paragraphs are devoted to her descriptions. Therefore, Bazarov’s attitude towards nature speaks volumes. The author focuses on the hero’s insensibility, and then brings him to love, and then it becomes clear that all this is feigned. Denial of beauty turns out to be self-deception for Evgeny.

The famous character of Turgenev in the work “Fathers and Sons” - Bazarov - turned out to be unique. And all because he builds his ideology on very strange principles, which would be difficult for a sane person to adhere to. Very funny. His quotes speak for themselves. The attitude towards art and life in general is also somewhat surprising, for example: “To read Pushkin - wasted time“It’s ridiculous to play music, it’s simply ridiculous to enjoy nature, Raphael is generally not worth a penny.” But where do such thoughts come from? educated person? It’s worth looking into this in a little more detail.

Bazarov. Attitude to nature. Arguments

This hero speaks quite unequivocally about nature. He believes that nature is not a temple, but a real workshop in which man is a worker.

Developing further the theme “Bazarov: attitude towards nature”, let’s touch on the most important thing. Surprisingly, there is a peculiar logic in all this, which to some extent can fully justify his views. After all, for Bazarov main figure There have always been simple Russian people, from where he himself came.

A rude and superstitious man was crushed by poverty, he had only thoughts in his head about and therefore Bazarov believed that there was no point in talking with such people about high art, which they understand nothing about. And this cannot be considered unfair.

Bazarov's attitude towards nature

Those ideals that young people admire so much have absolutely no meaning for a hero like Bazarov. A special attitude towards human nature is natural, because they are very strongly connected with each other. You can even characterize anyone by their perception of the natural world. In almost every classic work of art there is a description of nature, which is in full interaction with man.

Attitude to the nature of other heroes

The image of the same nature makes it clear a lot about the author of the work himself. In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” the relationship between nature and man can be examined using the example of other heroes, not only Bazarov, but also Arkady, Pavel Petrovich, Nikolai Petrovich.

Bazarov is a person who denies everything, and there is more materialism in him. On the other hand, there are hidden notes of romanticism in him, but he cannot even admit this to himself, let alone to anyone outside. In nature, he does not see anything mysterious and beyond the control of man. He calls acacia and lilac sincere and “good guys.” He is very economically happy that his father’s grove has been taken up, because nature in its intended purpose should be beneficial.

Love changes everything

When Bazarov fell in love with Romantsova, it gradually becomes clear how the shoots of the very romantic he was so afraid of becoming sprout in him. It was in these moments of despair that he sought peace and solitude, and therefore, completely alone, he went into the forest and wandered there, breaking branches, swearing either at himself or at the one who doomed him to suffering. Bazarov began to look different from himself. His attitude towards nature, towards love and, in fact, towards life itself changed literally before his eyes.

At these moments, Bazarov considers himself a weakling and despises himself. He is very poor and life seems very hard to him, so he doesn't want to waste any time on romantic relationships.

Turgenev contrasted Bazarov with his friend Arkady, who very much imitated his friend and tried to portray himself as an adult man. But, as it turned out, he was a very gentle guy who had a touching attitude towards nature. He felt and understood her, but he also tried to hide it all within himself, mainly because of Bazarov. And then he revealed himself in a completely natural way when he began to admire the fields and the sunset. And he involuntarily did not support Bazarov’s attitude towards nature. You can now finish your essay.

Conclusion

And in conclusion of the topic “Bazarov: attitude towards nature,” it must be said that for Arkady nature is a temple, and not a trifle, as for Bazarov, here he cannot agree with his authoritative friend. This worldview is alien to him.

An unexpected feeling for Katya, who is also romantic and loves nature, brings the young people even closer together. And Bazarov first becomes mortally sad, rejected by the woman he loves, and then dies of consumption. This is how a once strong and self-confident man broke down.