White flower on the flag of Kalmykia. Flag of Kalmykia. facts from the history of creation

Kalmykia is a republic in the southeast Russian Federation. The flag and coat of arms of Kalmykia are official. What is depicted there? What meaning is embedded in them?

Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia

The official symbol of the republic was approved in 1993. Its author is B. Erdniev. The flag of Kalmykia is a cloth in the proportion of one to two. This is a gold rectangle. In the middle there is a circle colored blue. Inside it is white which consists of nine petals.

The yellow flag of Kalmykia is a symbol of the religion of the people of the republic - Buddhism. In heraldry, this color is given other definitions. It usually signifies greatness and strength, representing the sun. The blue color speaks of constancy, purity and immutability, symbolizing the sky.

There is a lotus in the center of the composition. This is one of He reports the purity of thoughts, the desire for well-being, happiness and prosperity of the republic. Not only does the flag of Kalmykia represent one of the oldest symbols among various Asian and North African peoples. It is present, for example, in the emblems of Bangladesh, a province of Bengal, where it is sacred.

History of the flag

The modern flag of Kalmykia is very different from previous ones. In 1935, the autonomous region of Kalmykia was transformed into an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Two years later, the official flag was adopted. The cloth was completely painted red, and in the upper corner, closer to the shaft, there was a gold inscription: “R.S.F.S.R., Kalmyk A.S.S.R.”, in Russian and Kalmyk languages.

In 1978, a blue vertical stripe appeared on the flag on the hoist side. Near it, on a red background, there was an image of a hammer and sickle. Above the sickle, a star was depicted as an outline. Below was the inscription: “Kalmyk ASSR”, again in two languages.

The third version of the flag, the immediate predecessor of the modern one, was created in 1992. Two years earlier, the sovereignty of the republic was proclaimed. The rectangular panel was divided into three horizontal stripes of blue, yellow and red. The top and bottom were half as thin as the middle strip.

There was a red outline circle in the center of the composition. Inside it was an image of a spiral sign resembling a flame of fire. In Old Kalmyk writing it denotes the concepts of “man” and “beginning”.

Coat of arms of Kalmykia

Was approved in 1993. The composition contains images of folk symbols of Kalmykia. The coat of arms has a round shape. In its center, on a yellow background, is depicted the “ulan zala”, which in reality is a red silk tassel, part of the men’s national costume.

Under the “ulan zala” there is a “khadak” - a long scarf of blue and white flowers, which is one of the ritual symbols of Buddhists. "Hadak" means hospitality, selflessness and purity of thoughts. It is given as a gift. Presented on a holiday, it signifies friendship and good wishes, given in grief - symbolizes compassion and understanding.

A yellow circle frames a blue and white “zeg” folk ornament. At the top there is an image of four circles fastened together. This is an ancient symbol of the Derben Oirats, or Kalmyk people. At the base of the coat of arms are white lotus petals.

The final edition of the text on the flag and coat of arms is given in the law “On State Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia” dated June 11, 1996.

National flag"is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. The upper five petals of the lotus represent the five continents globe, the four lower petals are the four cardinal directions, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship and cooperation with all peoples of the world.

The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalm Tangchin is tightly attached to a pole topped with a red tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame” with the contour outlines on it of the ancient symbol of the Derben Oirats - four circles fastened together, at the base of which is the “Ulan Zala”.

The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2".

The white nine-petalled lotus of Kalmykia, or Khalm Tangch ("Khalm" is the self-name of the Kalmyks, "tangch" is the country, land, the whole country or land of the Kalmyks, that is, Kalmykia), is a symbol of spiritual purity, revival and prosperity. The choice of lotus is determined by the content of the transformation program in Kalmykia.

The number of petals indicates that the ancestors of the Kalmyks - nomads - grazed livestock for nine months a year. The circle in which the flower is depicted means perpetual motion to purification and prosperity.

The tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame”, or trikula, is the emblem of Buddhism (Kalmyk believers are Lamaist Buddhists). Four circles fastened together symbolize the union of four related tribes created by the Oirats tribe (Derben - in Mongolian means four, Derben-Oirats - four union), from which a people gradually formed, whose name is Kalmyks (Oirats - ancestors, Kalmyks - descendants). Ulan zala - a red tassel, as if blooming like a fan, symbolizes the thousand-petalled sacred white lotus.

The state emblem "is an image of "Ulan Zala" and "Khadyk" in a circle of golden yellow color framed national ornament"zeg" on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white lotus flower. At the top of the coat of arms is an image of the ancient symbol of Derben Oirats - four circles fastened together."

Khadyk - white fabric in the form of a scarf - a symbol of peace, kindness, generosity. The zeg ornament testifies to the difficult nomadic way of life in the past and the bright path of prosperity chosen by the Kalmyks. About the colors of symbols. Golden yellow is the color of the people’s religion, the color of wealth, the hope that Kalmykia will always be sunny. Blue is associated with the blue of the eternal sky, so it represents eternity, immortality, constancy, freedom. White means the peaceful views of the Kalmyks, their friendly attitude towards representatives of all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond its borders.

(Viktor Saprykov, Russian Federation today)

By the decision of the Elista City Assembly dated June 16, 2004 “On the coat of arms of the city of Elista of the Republic of Kalmykia,” the Regulations on the coat of arms of the city were approved.

The coat of arms of the city of Elista is compiled according to the rules and corresponding traditions of heraldry and reflects historical, cultural, national and other local traditions. The coat of arms of the city of Elista is a symbol expressing the identity and traditions of the city. The coat of arms of the city of Elista is a monument to the cultural history of the city.

The regulations on the coat of arms and drawings of the coat of arms of the city of Elista in the following versions: multi-color, one-color and one-color using conventional shading to indicate colors are stored in the City Hall of the city of Elista and are available for review to all interested parties.

The heraldic description of the coat of arms of the city of Elista reads:

“The coat of arms of the city of Elista is a heraldic shield consisting of three colored fields.

The red part of the field is completed in oriental style symbolic gate, against the background of which the name of the city “Elista” is written. The city got its name from a ravine, one slope of which was sandy “elsn”.

The khadak descending from the gate with the vertical Kalmyk letter “todo bichig” represents the people themselves, their ancient history, culture, its spiritual roots.

The history of the city continues on the right side of the coat of arms. On a green field there are three snow-white tents with doors facing the viewer. The Kalmyks set up their summer nomadic camps in the Elista gully, as it was rich in springs. There was greenery, abundance and life. The Kalmyk’s home has always been open and hospitable, which is a condition for the peaceful well-being and happiness of his native land.

The composition is completed (the description follows the course of the sun) with a blue field with a yellow disk of the sun. Poetized in folk epics, in oral literature, and in literature, the “eternal blue sky” symbolizes purity, constancy, and reliability. It constitutes, as it were, the leitmotif of the whole decision, for the sun here also absorbs the meaning of yellow - the color of the sun. It is this that the Kalmyks associate with the concept of life - generous, prosperous, happy.

Thus, the coat of arms of the capital of the Republic of Kalmykia, the city of Elista, embodies the history of the city and characterizes the people."

20.07.2010 23:14

In 1917, after the February Revolution, the Steppe Region of the Kalmyk people was created. In this regard, V. Saprynov notes: “On March 26, representatives of the Volga Kalmyk uluses who gathered in Astrakhan accepted the banner of the Kalmyk steppe zemstvo administration - a red velvet banner with images of the sun, Buddha, and the inscriptions: Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood.” The author of the flag is the architect V. Valdovsky-Varganik.

In 1920, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was formed. The official seals of those years depicted various symbols labor: rake, scythe, sheaf of wheat.

When the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was renamed the Kalmyk Autonomous Region in 1935, it did not have a coat of arms or flag. Their descriptions were given in the Constitution adopted two years later. The basis was the coat of arms and flag of the RSFSR. The inscriptions, including the name of the republic, were duplicated in Russian and Kalmyk languages.

With the adoption of the new Constitution in 1978, the coat of arms of the republic underwent the same changes as the coat of arms of the RSFSR - a red star was added to the upper part. The flag remained unchanged.

In October 1991, the Supreme Council of the KASSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty, according to which the ASSR was transformed into the Kalmyk SSR. However, in February 1992, the KSSR was renamed the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch and a competition was announced to create new state symbols. At the end of October of the same year, the flag and anthem were approved, and the competition for the coat of arms was extended.

The flag was a rectangular panel of three horizontal stripes: the top one was azure, the middle one was golden yellow and the bottom one was red. In the center of the middle stripe, in a circle with a diameter of one quarter of the width of the flag, there was a sign in the form of a flame of fire above two wavy lines. The scarlet sign and circle meant life, light, rebirth, prosperity and hearth.

The musical and poetic work “Halmg Tangchin Chastr” (music by Arkady Mandzhiev, lyrics by Vera Shugraeva) was recognized as the national anthem.

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In April 1993, on behalf of the President of the Republic Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, work on creating a new flag and coat of arms intensified. The reason for replacing the flag was that the previous one was a tricolor and practically did not stand out among the others. A bright, non-standard image was needed. This is how new state symbols were born.

The current coat of arms of the republic is an image of “ulan zala” and “khadyg” in a golden-yellow circle framed by the national “zeg” ornament on a blue background, at the base of which are lotus petals. In its upper part there is an ancient symbol of the Derben-Oirats - four circles fastened together. The flag consists of a golden-yellow panel, in the center of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower of nine petals. The golden color symbolizes Buddhism, the sun, blue - the color of the sky, eternity and constancy. Lotus is a traditional symbol of purity, happiness, spiritual rebirth. Its five petals, directed upward, symbolize the five continents, the four lower ones - the cardinal directions.

The description of the flag says that it is “a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals.” The flag is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame” with the contour outlines of the Derben-Oirat symbol on it, at the base of which is the “lancer of the hall”.

On July 5, 1993, a new Constitution was adopted - the Steppe Code. The modern name - the Republic of Kalmykia - was included in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in February 1996. In the same year, the Law “On State Symbols of the Republic of Kazakhstan” was adopted, establishing their descriptions and the procedure for official use. The coat of arms of Kalmykia is included in the State Heraldic Register under No. 150, the flag - under No. 151.

The symbols of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have a very specific purpose. State symbols, as a rule, reflect cultural, historical, and national characteristics.

The modern flag of the Republic of Kalmykia was created according to a sketch by the artist B.B. Erdneeva. In July 1993, the flag was approved and since then has been the official symbol of the independent republic.

Flag description

The flag of Kalmykia is a yellow rectangle with an image of a white lotus placed in a circle the color of the sky. The color of the sun or the color of gold is a Buddhist symbol of faith. Blue color is a symbol of sky and freedom. In the generally accepted interpretation, blue color is a symbol of eternity and constancy. The lotus flower is one of the most ancient symbols in Buddhism. It symbolizes the purity of the soul, the desire for happiness and prosperity.

The emblem with a flower is located in the center of the panel. In the picture, a lotus flower is depicted with nine snow-white petals, five of which reach towards the sky, and four look down. Each of the upper petals of the flower symbolizes one of the five continents of the world. The personification of the four cardinal directions is a row of lower petals. The emblem of the Republic of Kalmykia was conceived as a symbol of friendship and cooperation of all countries and peoples of the world.

The pole to which the flag is attached ends with a tip similar to the tongues of a red fire. The symbol of the union is also depicted on the shaft ancient people Kalmyks in the form of four crossed circles.

Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia

4 facts from the history of creation

Today this is already the fourth version state symbol Republic of Kalmykia.

The first flag of Kalmykia was approved in 1937. On the red cloth in the left corner in gold letters and in two languages: Russian and Kalmyk it was written - “R.S.F.S.R. R.S.F.S.R. Kalmytskaya A.S.S.R. HALMG A.S.S.R.”

On the second flag, a pentagonal star was drawn on top, and below it was the symbol of the USSR - a hammer and sickle. Also, a blue stripe was added to the left edge of the rectangle across the entire width of the flag. Such changes occurred in 1978.

In 1992, after the independence of the republic was recognized (1991), the name of the state changed to the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch. In the same year, the symbol of the republic was changed and the third flag of the Republic of Kalmykia appeared.

The large panel now had three different horizontal stripes: the top stripe was bright blue, the bottom stripe was scarlet, and the middle stripe was bright yellow. On the yellow stripe it was written in red letters ancient word"Kalmyk".

Now we have a fourth flag, which we called “Ulan Zalata Khalmg”.

Flag sizes

The ratio of the flag's length to width is 2:1, and the ratio of the radius of the circle to the width of the flag to the radius of the circle is 7:2.

Capital: Elista

Total area: 76,100 km²

Date of formation: 9. 1. 1957

Population: 278,855

Currency: Russian ruble (RUB)

Calling code: 847

Colors: yellow, blue, white

Shapes: lotus, circle

Continent: ,

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Slide description:

MBOU "Artesian Secondary secondary school No. 2" Title of the work: "Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia." Nomination: multimedia publications Type of work: multimedia presentation Information about the author: Sharashkieva Amulanga, 5th grade student Information about the consultant: Dzhinkeeva Irina Davidovna, teacher

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I live in the Republic of Kalmykia. The Republic of Kalmykia (Kalm. Khalmg Tangch) is a republic, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Southern federal district. The capital is the city of Elista. It borders in the south with the Republic of Dagestan, in the southwest - with the Stavropol Territory, in the west - with the Rostov Region, in the northwest - with the Volgograd Region, in the east - with the Astrakhan Region.

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The ancestors of modern Kalmyks, who wandered in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, in an area called Sekizmuren (Eight Rivers), were conquered by Genghis Khan in 1208 and in the Mongol army formed the left wing - dzuun gar (hence the names - Dzungars, Dzungaria). Initially, the Kalmyks lived in Dzungaria (which was the name of the vast country between Altai, Tien Shan, the Gobi Desert and Lake Balkhash; in our time, only the northern part of East Turkestan or Xinjiang is called Dzungaria), where, after the fall of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368, the Tsoros tribes ( Dzungars), Derbets, Torgouts and Khoshouts entered into an alliance "Derben Oirot", i.e. “four close ones”, whence the first historical self-name of the Kalmyks - Oirots (“close ones”). At the beginning of the 17th century, with the increasing onslaught of the Khalkha Mongols, Han feudal lords and Kazakh khans, the ancestors of the Kalmyks migrated to the Russian state. In the Volga steppes, Kalmyks (over 250 thousand people in 50 thousand tents) appeared in 1632 under the leadership of the Torgout Khan Kho-Urlyuk and occupied the left and right banks of the Volga River from Samara to the Caspian Sea and Kuban. In 1635, the example of Kho-Urlyuk was followed by the Khoshout tribes, led by Turu-Baihu (Gushi Khan), who did not want to obey Bator Khuntaiji, who in 1638 proclaimed himself the All-Oirat Khan. History of the formation of the Republic of Kalmykia

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Since then, the modern self-name of the Kalmyks has appeared - “khalmg”, literally “remnant”, i.e. those who did not submit to Bator Khuntaiji. In the sparsely populated steppes of the lower Volga, along the Don and Manych, they formed the Kalmyk Khanate, the internal life of which was determined by the “Steppe Code” (Tsaarjin bichik). Due to the oppression of the tsarist administration in 1771, the overwhelming majority of Kalmyks, led by Ubushi Khan, went to China, 2/3 of whom died during the transition. In the Kalmyk steppe, only that part of the Kalmyks remained, 13 thousand families, who did not have time to cross the Volga and were detained by the tsarist administration. The Kalmyk Khanate was abolished and the Kalmyk uluses were transferred to the administration of the Astrakhan provincial authorities. In the 1780-90s. Don Kalmyks were included in the Don Army Region and were included in the Cossack class. In 1861, Bolshederbetovsky ulus was transferred from Astrakhan to Stavropol province. On March 25, 1917, Kalmyk noyons and zaisangs convened a congress, which petitioned the Russian Provisional Government for the creation of a Kalmyk Cossack army and autonomy for the Kalmyk people. On July 1, 1917, by decision of the Provisional Government, the Steppe Region of the Kalmyk people was formed, and in September 1917, a separate Kalmyk Cossack army was created. On November 4, 1920, by a joint resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was created from parts of the territories of the Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Stavropol provinces, Don and Terek regions.

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In 1990, a declaration was adopted on the sovereignty and transformation of Kalmykia into a union republic (USSR). In 1993, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov was elected the first president of the Republic of Kalmykia. In 1994, the “Steppe Code (Constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia” was adopted, so named in memory of the “constitution” of the Dzungar Khanate, which confirmed the status of the republic as a subject and an integral part of the Russian Federation, while simultaneously declaring the continuity of the Dzungar Khanate - the Republic of Kalmykia.

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The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. “Ulan Zalata Khalmg” is the local name of the republican flag of Kalmykia. The yellow (golden) color of the background of the flag symbolizes the sun and Buddhism as the main religion of the Kalmyks. The blue color represents the sky, and in the traditional heraldic interpretation it is a symbol of constancy and eternity. White means peace, unity and openness. The lotus flower is an image of purity and spiritual rebirth. A lotus with nine petals symbolizes world peace: the upper five petals represent the continents, the lower four petals represent the cardinal directions, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship and cooperation with all peoples of the world.

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The state flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is attached to a pole topped with a red tip in the shape of a “tongue of flame.” The official flag of Kalmykia was designed for the anniversary of the hundred-day reign of President of the Republic Kirsan Ilyumzhinov and adopted on July 30, 1993.

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The coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia is “Sulde”. In the center of the coat of arms is an image of an element of the national headdress - “ulan zala” (red tassel) and “khadak” (white scarf) in a circle of golden yellow color framed by the national ornament “zeg” on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white flower lotus The author of the design of the coat of arms is the artist Bata Badmaevich Erdniev.

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At the top of the coat of arms is the image of “dorvn toolg”, an ancient symbol of the union of the four Oirat tribes: four circles fastened together. These are the origins of the Kalmyk people. The most ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all peoples inhabiting the four corners of the world. The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity. The coat of arms has blue, yellow and white colors. Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppe nomads. Yellow- this is the color of the people’s religion, this is the color of their skin and, finally, this is the personification of the fact that Kalmykia will always be sunny. The Ulan hall is crowned with a white khadak. The white color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.

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Ulan Hall contains a symbolic meaning. When Buddhists pray and meditate, according to the teachings of Buddha, a thousand-leaved white lotus opens at the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and raise them above their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teachings, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch their hands to the chin, mouth and chest, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries with it the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that a person’s consciousness was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.

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In my Republic, from generation to generation, people pass on the desire to live in peace and harmony, to respect the traditions and customs of all peoples. We, children, are the future of our Motherland. And without the past there is no future. Therefore, we try to study the history of our people, to know the symbolism of Kalmykia and Russia. On a yellow cloth, against the background of the blue sky, a lotus with nine petals opened. The bright sun and blue sky are symbols of constancy and eternity. The lotus petals united into one whole, like the continents of the globe. Let the peoples of all continents live in peace and harmony. Let there be no wars on earth and no grief. Let the children laugh and the sun shine brightly. Let the birds sing and people all over the planet be friends.