What should a budding economist know about Excel? Job responsibilities of an economist. Functional responsibilities of an economist

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Economist is traditionally one of the most popular areas of study in Russian universities. IQ Review will tell you what kind of profession an “economist” is, how it differs from being an accountant, and how much they pay for it. Natalya, an economist with five years of experience, shared her story.

Why did I choose the profession of economist?

I live in the Kastorensky district of the Kursk region. worked for 5 years, started working after finishing the 3rd year of the institute.

Why does a company need an economist?

Many people believe that the profession is akin to that of an accountant. After all, both of them work with numbers related to the organization’s work, its profitability and results.

The difference between an economist and an accountant is that an accountant actually collects and systematizes documentation and its contents, while an economist must analyze and evaluate the results of work for a specific period, identify shortcomings and, based on what happened, make a forecast.

Yes, yes, an economist is a kind of predictor who is based on facts.

What you need to know to work as an economist

First of all, working as an economist involves close communication with numbers, formulas and various kinds of relationships. Therefore, knowledge of mathematics and its fundamentals is mandatory. Anyone who is unable to find the percentage of a given number simply has no business in this field. It is desirable, or rather, even mandatory, for a person to have an analytical mind. After all, based on the obtained data, it is necessary to assess the current situation at the enterprise and submit a report to the manager.

An example of work is to prove which of the selected activities is profitable, and which project should be suspended or completely closed.

Nowadays, the vast majority of specialized higher educational institutions, technical schools and colleges have faculties that train economists. This is due to the fact that the profession is very popular among young people. The university I graduated from has an agricultural focus. From the first to the third year we studied subjects that all literate and educated workers should know agriculture. I won’t list everything, but among them were crop farming, livestock farming, philosophy, mechanization and others.

At first we didn’t understand why we needed, say, mechanization. But in senior courses, when in statistics or enterprise economics we began to be asked problems to calculate fuel consumption, seed yield or livestock productivity, in which it was necessary to derive profitability and projected profit, everything fell into place.

The essence of the profession of an economist is to know all the ins and outs of the enterprise, every “cog” that can be “screwed” into the system in order to increase returns.

And, of course, in modern conditions Every specialist should know a computer. And not at the user level. Advanced software user Microsoft Office- this is the minimum of what is needed for work; they usually also require knowledge of 1C products.

How to find a job for a novice economist

Getting a position as an economist, especially from scratch, without work experience, is very difficult, almost impossible. This requires a case. Newcomers can get this job in an alternative way - start working at the enterprise in a different position, while simultaneously studying at a university to major in economics. Management will definitely notice the employee’s desire for improvement and, at the first opportunity, will provide the desired position.

Typically, when hiring newcomers to this position, managers do not make serious demands. They ask you to present a diploma of education and ask several questions about your knowledge in the field in which the company operates. Whether the candidate will cope with his responsibilities or not remains to be seen during probationary period. For all employees this is three months; for management personnel the period can be extended to six months. At this time, the management of the enterprise may decide to dismiss the employee due to the fact that he cannot cope with his duties. Therefore, apart from lost time, the director of the enterprise does not risk anything in this situation.

The main thing that managers pay special attention to when hiring for any position is the applicant’s friendliness, correct speech and communication skills. Particularly in the provinces, where everyone knows everything about each other, the authorities usually make inquiries about the person.

How I found a job - personal experience

From personal experience I can say that I read an advertisement in a local newspaper that a trading company needed an economist. Having plucked up the impudence, since I had only completed my third year at the institute by profession, I came to the director and stated that I didn’t know anything about work, but I was eager to work in this field and in this position. I must say that I for a long time I worked as a salesperson, so I imagined the “kitchen” of a trading enterprise. This was also said. I don't know what happened decisive factor, but two days later the director called me back and invited me to come with documents for registration to the company’s office.

Functional responsibilities of an economist at an enterprise

A few words about what an economist should do at his workplace every day. First, you need to describe the company itself a little. This is a link in a network company known in Russia, which specializes in retail trade goods of first demand (food, household goods, furniture, toys and office supplies). The structure of the organization, which was managed by 6 people, included 30 rural shops.

The first thing I started with was compiling the daily turnover for each store. For this purpose, there was a special notebook, which was lined by hand, where a list of stores was located horizontally, and the amount of daily revenue sold by each outlet was entered vertically. Amounts were selected from the 1C program with a cumulative total. As a result, at the end of the month the result of the enterprise’s work was visible in the form of a total amount and the result of the work of each store and its turnover. This concept refers to the number of days required to sell the average stock of goods in a retail outlet. Average inventory for the period is divided by the average one-day turnover of the outlet.

At the end of each month, in a special table made in the Excel editor, a comparative analysis of the work of each outlet was carried out in comparison with the previous month and the same period last year. This made it possible to analyze the work of the enterprise as a whole and for each department. Costs and expenses were analyzed in the same way. I made similar forms to analyze the costs of electricity, repairs of premises, gas supply, wages and deductions, and the amount of remaining goods in stores.

The number of reports the preparation of which was part of my responsibilities is difficult to calculate. The main three were sent monthly to the head office located in the city of Kursk, and included all the indicators that the company had achieved over the past month. Every month a report was prepared to the Statistical Office, which included the same data. In addition, quarterly and annual reports on production performance for the quarter and year were submitted.

By the end of the quarter, I was developing a plan for each store for the next three months. Planning was based on comparative analysis similar periods of the past three years and the last quarter.

By all rights, the plan for a retail outlet should be directly linked to the number of people living in the village where the store operates, but this is a real problem. Information about residents is collected by calling village administrations, but they have one thing in their papers, but in reality it is completely different. They provide information only about registered citizens who, perhaps, have not lived there for many years, and those who came to work and live without registration are simply not taken into account.

Therefore, my method was the most optimal. In January of each year, an indicative plan for the coming year was drawn up. It was based on the figures that the parent company presented to us and the capabilities of each store.

How much do economists earn?

It’s difficult for me to talk about how much people in my profession earn in big cities, but for our area my salary was considered good. My salary was 16,000 rubles. Minus the income tax of 13% and trade union dues from this figure, we received about 14,500 rubles per month. Payments were made officially, with all necessary deductions. The social package consisted only of paid sick leave and birthday gifts for children. New Year's holidays- not the scale of the enterprise where there is free trips to the sea or our own children's camps.

According to the statistics that I was interested in, the minimum salary of an economist in a large city starts at 22,000 rubles, and its upper limit is 80,000 rubles. But in order to earn that much, you need to have extensive work experience in this specialty, and also live in the city.

Pros and cons of being an economist

The advantages of the profession include the fact that the economist is an employee independent of anyone other than the director. In addition, people who decided to devote themselves to this profession are individuals who put a creative approach to activity at the forefront. The ability to see what others can't see, to improve structure and staffing in order to direct efforts to achieve set goals is really exciting.

I don't see any shortcomings in this work. The only negative characteristic of the vast majority of enterprises in our time is to burden the one who copes with his responsibilities, maximum number additional functions that distract from the main process.

What does it take to be appreciated and noticed?

In my case, the only people above me in rank were chief accountant and director of the organization. Accounting is not my thing! But I had no desire to become a leader. No, I don’t want to say that I’m not ambitious! Very much so! But this is not the case. Our director had so many responsibilities and problems that it sometimes seemed to me as if he spent the night in his office. The enterprise, which he inherited from his predecessor, was in a state of extreme decline. And he didn't even have time to breathe.

I held a good position, I really liked my work, and I didn’t want to change anything. In addition, not having much experience and experience, I tried to go to neighboring branches of the parent organization to see experienced economists, where I learned a lot. Several times I was sent to advanced training courses, after which I was entrusted with working with personnel.

Parting words for beginners

The most important thing in our profession, as in any other, is to remain human. Attention to details and numbers, perseverance and literacy are qualities that must be present. It is advisable, if the opportunity arises, to first get a job as an assistant economist. This will allow you to avoid many mistakes and miscalculations common to beginners in any profession.

It is not only the most popular, but also one of the most sought after. It is especially loved by young people who, according to statistics, choose faculties for education this direction more often than others. But do all applicants understand what it means to work in this field and what the responsibilities of an economist include? What are the main functions of such an employee? Let's try to answer these questions.

In short, an economist is a specialist in economic activities. His job responsibilities and work in general overlap with the activities of a financier, accountant, manager and other similar professions. Such employees are required where it is necessary to work with finances, clearly plan and calculate them. They exercise control over the expenditure of funds, analyze the activities of the enterprise as a whole and determine its profitability.

The job responsibilities of an economist are primarily the development and coordination of tasks that are based on the preparation of statistical reports and documentation.

The basis of the activity of such a specialist is job description, which is drawn up under the instructions of the head of the company. Let us consider in more detail the functional responsibilities of an economist.

The main task is to carry out economic activities that are aimed at improving the enterprise, improving product quality, and optimal use of resources. In addition, this specialist calculates the material, financial and labor costs that are necessary for the production of goods and its sale, and the development of new technologies. Job responsibilities of an economist also include:

In addition to performing the basic duties listed above, an economist must constantly study special literature that is relevant to his work.

What should a job applicant know in order to successfully perform the duties of an economist? The activities of such a specialist are based on a number of legislative acts, orders, documents, regulations and instructions that regulate his work. To become an economist, you need to have an excellent understanding of planning and accounting documentation, business plans, regulatory materials, methods of economic analysis and statistical accounting of various indicators.

In addition to the fact that the employee is obliged to fulfill the official duties of an economist, he must have such qualities as the ability to work hard and a lot, integrity, clarity, courage, concentration, and accuracy. He must have a well-developed constructive and emotionally stable personality.

So, an economist, whose job responsibilities will differ depending on the specific place of work, is a very complex profession. Only a purposeful and competent person who is ready to work hard and constantly improve himself can become a professional in this field of activity.

The ideas of the greatest economist Karl Marx formed the basis of the idea of ​​the Russian revolution. Vladimir Lenin found in them the truth of a new world, a new order. The scientist’s works changed not only Russian, but also world history. It was on their basis that communism in the Soviet interpretation was built. Joseph Stiglitz criticized the policies of the World Bank even as the organization's chief economist. He literally forced the world's attention to the obstacles that free markets create in developing countries.Paul Krugman even seemed like a soothsayer, because throughout the entire presidency of George W. Bush he predicted the economic consequences of every decision of the first person of the state and turned out to be right.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of leading specialists in the global economy. But is it really possible to achieve such heights by graduating from one of the provincial Russian universities? Who is an economist, what should a specialist know and what can a specialist count on? Let's talk about this further.

Who is an economist

An economist is a specialist in the field of economic sciences. At the heart of it professional activity research, planning and management of activities (primarily economic). Contrary to popular belief, economics is a humanities science, not a technical one. The profession should not be confused with the specialty of an accountant or financier. This is an independent industry, and the work of specialists is aimed specifically at analysis, planning, and research into consequences and risks. An economist can be a scientist (theorist) or a manager (practitioner). The list of responsibilities and tasks depends on the position.

What does a practicing economist do:

• Plans the company's activities.
• Analyzes processes, develops strategies to improve economic efficiency.
• Determines the system of remuneration of personnel and their financial motivation.
• Calculates the costs and profits of an enterprise in the short and long term.
• Controls financial processes in the enterprise.

A practical economist can also hold positions in government institutions– for example, to be the Minister of Economic Development. However, more often such positions go to theorists - scientists who are able to look at things more broadly and work with the larger economies of cities, regions and countries. Practices are more often in demand at enterprises, banks and others. financial institutions, in the hotel and restaurant business. Depending on qualifications, a specialist can occupy different positions in the company structure.

Key features of the profession

The main task of a specialist in an enterprise is to organize activities in such a way that it is profitable and profits constantly grow. Knowledge of economics alone is not enough for a company to achieve high profits.

Therefore, it is important to ensure interaction with engineers, marketers, HR managers, senior management and other parts of the organization.

Example : The economist considers it necessary to purchase inexpensive Chinese equipment during the crisis and reduce this cost item by 30%. But production engineers know that this particular technique will not ensure production at standard levels and product quality. If a decision is made based on the economic component alone, it will lead to collapse. That’s why contact with the company’s personnel and its management is so important.

Accordingly, we can highlight the basic features of the profession:

1. The need to build contact with company personnel, collect information from experts on each specific issue.
2. Participation in the construction of large-scale strategies, the ability to ensure their implementation in the short and long term.
3. The relevance of constantly analyzing the market situation and improving your own qualifications - the market is changing too quickly.

In addition, each enterprise may require a specialist to perform different circles tasks. So small company cannot afford to maintain a large staff of personnel in the field of economics and finance. Accordingly, an economist can take on the functions of an accountant, financier, auditor and other specialties that are indirectly related to his main job responsibilities. Practice shows that economists, in the original understanding of the meaning of this profession, are mainly scientists and officials who are abstracted from the realities of modern production.

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What an economist should know

First of all, theory. In practice, managers, finance and credit specialists can work in this position. But in comparison with narrow specialists in the industry, they have a key disadvantage - the lack of specialized higher education. During this process, the most powerful theoretical foundation is laid, which is important to be able to apply in practice.

What an economist should know first:

• Theory of economic sciences.
• Accounting.
• Precedents from world experience.
• Algorithms for overcoming the crisis.
• Investments and management.

Many specialists receive a second education after employment. For example, when working in a company specializing in food production, they receive the additional profession of production technologist. This helps to increase operational efficiency and understanding of the key features of the enterprise. The economy in this case is inextricably linked with production. And ensuring maximum profit for the company, the least painful way out of the crisis and labor efficiency is possible only with expert knowledge of the specifics of the enterprise.

What personal qualities should a specialist have?

Analytical mind. An economist is, first of all, a strategist and an excellent manager. In this situation, he needs to analyze a lot, to see what even the senior management of the company does not see.

Market research, monitoring the dynamics of the company’s economic development, building a strategy to increase profits and reduce operating costs are the basic tasks of a specialist.

An analytical mind and the ability to see the market picture in nuances are the key qualities that a specialist must have.

Perfectionism. Psychologists call the constant pursuit of ideals a deviation from the norm, but for an economist it is to some extent necessary. One missed nuance can make the entire economic picture of an enterprise incorrect. In this situation, dedication and the willingness to repeatedly retest strategies and ideas are especially important. Constant development, the desire for self-education and studying world experience also play an important role. The market does not stand still, and the economist needs to constantly analyze the situation.

Communication skills. A practitioner needs to contact employees of enterprises, organizations, establishments and institutions. He cannot be an expert on all issues, so the ability to obtain a professional opinion from a person who has a better understanding of any issue is especially important. It is equally important to find common language with management and convince them of the correctness of the proposed strategy for economic development or overcoming the crisis - in practice, bosses rarely trust their subordinates, regardless of the qualifications and achievements of the employee.

Where is the best place to study to become an economist?

The presentation of the educational institution should not confuse you. Non-state universities, online universities - all this is good, but not for first education. It's best to get it in the classic state university or institute. And the more prestigious your chosen educational institution- so much the better.

• Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
• Higher School of Economics.
• MGIMO.
• Economic University named after. Plekhanov
• Moscow State University named after Lomonosov.

The leadership of these universities is ambiguous. In various rankings, the TOP 5 includes St. Petersburg State University, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and other higher educational institutions.

Pay attention not so much to statistical, but to real indicators. Find out from the admissions office what percentage of graduates work in their specialty. Check average salary data. Pay attention to reviews from students and graduates - this information is constantly changing and will only be relevant at the time of search. Don't be lazy to find and analyze it.

Do graduates of regional, less prestigious universities have a chance to successful career? Undoubtedly. Graduates prestigious universities have advantages at the start, but as work progresses, all preferences dissolve. Will you be able to make a dizzying career or will you be content with the average? wages- depends only on you. 90% of the world's best economists graduated from prestigious universities. But getting into the remaining 10% is quite possible if you really want it.

Pros and cons of the profession

When talking about advantages and disadvantages, it is important to keep their conventions in mind. In different companies and organizations, economists may be given different powers, and different requirements may be placed on them. Therefore, we note only those advantages and disadvantages that are the most common and claim to be objective.

Advantages of being an economist:

• A chance to make a dizzying career.
• On average high wages.
• Prestigious profession.
• Opportunity to take up leadership positions.
• An interesting job for people with an analytical mind.
• Significant impact.

The influence of a specialist is expressed in his professional role: the fate of the enterprise, and sometimes of the region, country, and world economy will depend on the correctness of the chosen economic development strategy. When schoolchildren write an essay on the topic “My future profession is an economist,” they do not always realize the importance of this specialty. But just as often they forget about significant shortcomings.

Disadvantages of being an economist:

• Difficulty of learning.
• Minimum budget places.
• Preferences for graduates of prestigious universities.
• Complex work without instructions and algorithms.
• The need to constantly improve.

Lack of instructions is one of the key drawbacks. If at school you are used to learning formulas, theorems and solving formulaic problems based on the knowledge you have acquired, then everything will be completely different here. You know how the head of a large company dealt with the crisis. But you don’t know what to do when your company suffers losses due to the failure of an advertising campaign. Therefore, there can be no talk of any instructions or guarantees of the correctness of the decision you made.

How much does an economist earn?

Wages vary not only in regions - there is a significant difference between the maximum and minimum wages.

The average salary of an economist in Russia is 42 thousand rubles. But obviously this is the “average temperature in the hospital.” About 70% of specialists work in the regions and receive no more than 25-27 thousand rubles. Here the gap is significant even in comparison with the national average.

In the capital average salary economist - 90 thousand rubles. But even here there are specialists who work for the notorious 30 thousand. The gap between the maximum and minimum wages is significant. According to statistics, the best specialists in Russia in the field of economics receive over 450 thousand rubles per month. Naturally, their share of the total number is extremely small. Your size wages will depend only on you - no one can guarantee the maximum.

Resume

If you decide to choose economics as the area of ​​your professional development, then try to choose a state one for study and as much as possible prestigious university. Remember that this is not the easiest profession, it is only suitable for very responsible people, developed people with an analytical mind. You will have to work hard and take risks to have a great career. You shouldn’t expect huge salaries immediately after graduating from university.

Economist

4.8 (95%) 4 votes

Economists are specialists in the field of economics, experts on economic issues.

Economists are called both scientists (that is, specialists in the field of economic science) and practitioners who work in the field of research, planning and management of economic activities.

Essentially, an economist is a specialist in collecting, processing, organizing information about economic phenomena and processes, analyzing the progress and results of economic activity, assessing its success and possibilities for its improvement, forecasting, long-term and current planning.

In organizations, economists take part in the development of a budgeting system, monitor budget execution, as well as prepare and generate periodic and management reporting. The job responsibilities of representatives of this profession include research, planning and economic support of financial and economic activity companies.

The economist carries out economic analysis economic activities of the organization, develops measures to ensure savings, increase work efficiency, identify reserves, prevent losses and unproductive expenses, more rational use all types of resources. Performs calculations on material, labor and financial costs necessary for carrying out work (services), research and development in the development of new technology and technology.

An economist is also a person who writes articles and other materials on economic policy.

Personal qualities of an economist

Ability to analyze large amounts of information,

Good memory

High concentration,

Patience,

Communication skills

Organizational skills.

Job responsibilities

Solve problems related to planning, organizing and analyzing the economic activities of enterprises and institutions, organizing the labor of workers in production. Checks the execution of reporting for individual types accounting, technical and economic work on planning, logistics, sales, material and labor costs.

The economist carries out operational accounting of work performance and controls settlements with customers, and draws up periodic reporting documents. Analyzes current forms of primary documents and reporting, develops proposals for their improvement. In computer centers, he participates in drawing up projects for the mechanization of counting processing of tasks of various types, in developing standards for material and labor costs, in determining the cost of work and prices for services.

Formulates an economic statement of problems, explores the possibility of using finished projects, algorithms and programs for similar tasks. In research institutions, design, technological, design and survey organizations, collects scientific and technical information, systematizes and summarizes statistical information. Calculates the material and labor costs of ongoing research and determines their economic efficiency.

Places of work: economist works in planning, financial and statistical bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations.

Qualification requirements: higher education in economics. Specialty "Economics and enterprise management", direction "Economics".

But before you become a highly qualified specialist capable of giving accurate forecasts and effective recommendations, more than one year will pass.

Economists have been and remain the most sought-after specialists in the labor market. Economists are guaranteed high salaries.