Episodes most important for revealing the character of Andrei Sokolov “The Fate of a Man. "The Fate of Man" - a story by Sholokhov. “The Fate of Man”: analysis What is the significance of the episode in the church, the fate of man

1 What are the features of the composition and plot of this work? Composition is a story within a story. The plot is Andrei Sokolov's story about his fate, the confession of a courageous man. 2 What are the main milestones in the fate of Andrei Sokolov? 1 – 2 – 3…… What helps the hero survive? How does the hero manifest himself in all trials? (List personality qualities, character)

In the episode “In the Church,” Sholokhov reveals possible types of human behavior in inhumane circumstances. Different characters embody different life positions. A Christian soldier prefers to die rather than submit to circumstances and give up his beliefs. However, he becomes responsible for the deaths of four people. Kryzhnev is trying to buy his right to life by paying for it with someone else’s life. The platoon commander awaits his fate resignedly. Only the position of the doctor, “who did his great work both in captivity and in the dark,” evokes Sokolov’s sincere respect and admiration.

In any conditions, remaining yourself is Sokolov’s position. He does not accept either submission or the opposition of his life to the lives of others. Therefore, he decides to kill Kryzhnev in order to save the platoon commander. Murder is not easy for Sokolov, especially killing “one of his own.” But he cannot allow injustice. The episode "In the Church" shows how a person's character is brutally tested. Life sometimes presents us with the need to make a choice. The hero acts as his conscience tells him.

How is the author's position expressed in the story? Sholokhov, in the image of his hero, reveals the tragedy of our entire people, their misfortunes and suffering. The author's pain and sympathy are felt in the tone of the narrative, in the choice of the hero - common man. The main method of constructing a story - antithesis - also serves as an expression author's position: Peaceful life - destructive war; Goodness and justice - fanaticism, cruelty, inhumanity; Devotion is betrayal; Light - darkness... It is clear which side the author is on.

The soldier is unbending when he answers to Commandant Müller, who sentenced him to death for agitating in the camp against hard labor. Müller offers to drink a glass of schnapps for the victory of German weapons, allegedly won in Stalingrad. Sokolov refuses. Muller suggested something else: “Would you like to drink to our victory? In that case, drink to your death.”

This whole scene is not only an example of Sokolov’s fearlessness, but also his challenge to those rapists who wanted to humiliate Soviet man. After drinking a glass of schnapps, Sokolov thanks for the treat and adds: “I’m ready, Herr Commandant, let’s go, sign me up.” And the fact that he refuses to have a snack both after the first glass and after the second is a detail that otherwise does not play any role, here emphasizes the moral fortitude of the Russian person. Sokolov behaves with the fascists as befits a Soviet citizen, a representative of the working class. It is no coincidence that many researchers draw a parallel between this episode and the event in honor of which the Germans so arrogantly feast - the Battle of Stalingrad, noting that in both cases it was the Russian soldier who turned out to be the winner.

Now he has found joy. He fell in love with an abandoned boy, “a sort of little ragamuffin: his face is covered in watermelon juice, covered with dust, dirty as dust, unkempt, and his eyes are like stars at night after the rain!” - says Sokolov, and in the very tone of his story we feel how concerned he is with human fate. “A burning tear began to boil inside me...” he says. Sokolov’s soul became lighter and brighter. Life takes on a high human meaning. Touching worries appeared about how to dress and feed the boy who was waiting for his father: “At night, you pet him sleepy, then you smell the hairs on his cowlicks, and his heart goes away, it becomes lighter, otherwise it’s hardened from grief...”

Why did the writer introduce the image of a narrator into the work? Allows you to give a portrait description of Andrei Sokolov: 274 – 275. And provide an epic volume to the story. The narrator turns out to be an intermediary between the hero and the reader. Andrei's point of view is refracted in the author's perception, thus objectivity is born from the totality of views on the reality of individual individuals. Finally, the author here is not opposed to his hero, he himself turns out to be a man of the people, it is not for nothing that Andrei Sokolov takes him for “his brother the driver.”

Compositionally, Sokolov's story is a series of short stories, each of which deals with some episode of his life. The fate of Andrei Sokolov is painful. The story contains two contrasting pictures: his family accompanies him to the front - his wife Irina, son, two daughters. Towards the end of the war, when Sokolov arrived at that place on vacation, he saw something else: a deep crater filled with rusty water, waist-deep weeds... A direct hit from a German bomb - and the house, wife, and daughters were gone. No trace.

What are the facets of Russian national character embodies Andrei Sokolov? A simple man, a soldier, a father acts as a defender of life, its foundations, and moral laws. Sholokhov's hero defends the meaning and truth of human existence itself. Andrei Sokolov fought on the battlefield, fought as best he could, and in captivity defended human dignity and the honor of his homeland. Every turn of his fate is simultaneously projected onto history, onto the fate of his native people, of which he is an integral part.

Title of the story. “Fate” has meanings: A confluence of circumstances independent of a person’s will, the course of life events. According to superstitious beliefs, “an otherworldly force that predetermines everything that happens in life.” – What idea of fate is typical of the hero?

But a person, no matter how difficult the circumstances, can act as human dignity requires. A person can relate to circumstances actively. “I had to be in a big hurry,” “I have to get through, and that’s it!” 282/4. “And I didn’t have to escape alone,” “I had to deliver him alive” - about escaping from captivity; “I wanted to show them, the damned ones,” - about the fight with Muller.

Not “life” of a person – Sholokhov called the story, but chose other words “fate”. - The most beautiful thing in life (and it is indestructible) is a person, a worker, a people. “Man” can also be understood both specifically (Andrei Sokolov) and generally (a person who is placed by war in conditions of circumstances that rule over him; and only a strong spirit is able to oppose his will, his ideas about duty and freedom to these circumstances). The fate of Andrei Sokolov is the fate of the entire Russian people, who went through a terrible war, fascist camps, the loss of their closest people, but did not break completely.

Analyze the hero's speech. How does the originality of Andrei Sokolov’s speech help to penetrate the idea of the work? 1 Sholokhov was reproached that Andrei Sokolov’s speech bears little resemblance to the speech of an ordinary driver, although it is full of driver’s professionalism…. 2 With the help of folk poetic inclusions, he speaks as if on behalf of the entire Russian people. Because it’s full of colloquialisms: (“yes, my heart swayed, the piston needs to be changed”, “were chilled like dogs”, “a tooth doesn’t fall on a tooth”, “but even here it turned out to be a complete misfire”, “relatives - at least roll a ball” , “basta”, “blow”,

For Sholokhov, what is important is not that Sokolov is a driver, and not that he is a Voronezh resident. What matters is the character generated by historical circumstances. The poet Sholokhov does not focus on the professional and dialectal in the speech of his hero. But the writer also cannot do without these verbal colors, since he is a realist, he needs to create a reliable image. Sholokhov creates the image of a living person, which develops into a symbol.

Literature lesson in 9th grade.

Teacher Maskaeva Tatyana Vasilievna.

“Yes, here they are, Russian characters!” (A.N. Tolstoy)

(Image folk character in M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man”).

The Russian man, a man of unbending will, ... will be able to overcome everything on his path if his Motherland calls him to it.

M. Sholokhov.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON.

1. Setting a goal.

Topic V.O. V. occupies one of the most important places in Russian literature,

Today our focus will be on M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.”

The fate of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the story, is extremely
dramatic. But this is the fate of an entire people. A. Sokolov is no exception, he
one of many. I

The writer traces step by step the path of his hero in the hurricane of war, through the circles of hell of fascist concentration camps. And it is important for us to see the main thing in this person - what Sholokhov saw.

“The soul’s journey through ordeals” (Dostoevsky’s expression) could not devastate the soul of this Russian man, could not kill the humanity in him.

What character must a person have to overcome

moral tests sent by fate? What I was able to keep in my
soul? Sholokhov told about this in the story “The Fate of Man”, about this
our conversation in class.

The topic of our lesson......................................................... ................. As an epigraph, I took a quote from the work of M. Sholokhov, which, in my opinion, reflects the problem raised.

2. History of creation.
On New Year's days - December 31, 1956 and January 1, 1957, Pravda published the story "The Fate of a Man", in which the main character was a captured Soviet soldier. This was shortly after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party, when a change in attitude towards Soviet prisoners of war was already brewing, all of whom Stalin declared traitors and were sent from fascist camps straight to the “relative” camps. And although Sholokhov did not dare to say what awaited the prisoners of war at home, the very choice of the hero became an act of civic courage. The story is dedicated to Evgenia Grigorievna Levitskaya. Sholokhov had a warm friendship with her family.

3.Exchange impressions after reading the story.

The story appeared at the end of 1956. This is a rather rare occurrence in the history of literature when a short story becomes an event.

- Why do you think this story attracted so much attention?

(It describes with utmost clarity and truthfulness the feat of the people, expresses admiration for perseverance and courage ordinary people, before the strength of character of the protagonist.)

4. Updating knowledge.
- How do you understand the word character?

-What do you think national character is?

5. Working with the text of the work.

Characteristics plan written on the board literary hero, which will help us identify the character traits of the main character of the work.
- portrait;
- actions;

Relationships with other characters;

-Even without knowing the story of his life, what can we say about this man?

(The eyes seem to be sprinkled with ashes; a lot of grief befell Andrei Sokolov; we see Sholokhov’s sympathy). .

-What parts can we divide the hero’s story about his life into?

(Pre-war life, war, post-war months).

Let's listen to the student's story about the hero's pre-war life. Think about what character traits appear in A. Sokolov during this period? Write it down.

- What does A. Sokolov see as the happiness of the pre-war era? Read it.

(Ability to love, loyalty, kindness, hard work.)

- What changes the established order in the family?

(War).
To show the character of the hero, the writer, as a rule, depicts him in unusual situations, sends difficult life trials, poses a choice. Analyzing the text and A. Sokolov’s actions, we will try to identify his character traits. Don't forget to take notes. At the end of the lesson we will compare them.

- What was the military fate of Andrei Sokolov?

-In which episodes related to wartime, in your opinion, does the character of the main character of the story appear?

(Scene in the church, conversation with Muller, adoption of Vanyushka.)

EPISODE ANALYSIS (CHURCH SCENE).
For analysis, let us turn to the episode depicting prisoners of war in a church. Tell it briefly.
People behave differently in extreme situations. The prisoners in the church are no exception. M. Sholokhov portrays in this scene different options human behavior. Which?

(Christian Soldier prefers to die rather than submit

circumstances, to retreat from your beliefs. But more people die with him
four people.

Kryzhnev trying to buy his right to life at the cost of betrayal. "Own

the shirt is closer to the body.”

Platoon leader resignedly awaiting his fate.

Doctor continues his work.)

-Which position is closest to Sokolov? Read it.

(“This is what a real doctor means! He did his great work both in captivity and in the dark.” In any conditions, remaining oneself, not betraying one’s duty is the position of Sokolov himself.)

-How did the hero behave in this situation?

-Why does he decide to kill Kryzhnev? What does the hero experience?(It’s hard on my soul, it’s difficult to kill “one of my own,” but Sokolov cannot allow one person to save his life at the cost of the death of another. Only in the unity of people does he see salvation).

-Why does the writer introduce the image of a traitor into the story?

(To show that submission to circumstances, meanness, cowardice,

hypocrisy influenced the fate of this man

EPISODE ANALYSIS (DUEL BY MUELLER)
Now let's turn to the episode of the fight with Muller.

Pay attention to the illustration. The artist managed to convey all the tension of the moment.

-What place does this episode occupy in the story?

(Climactic, central episode.)

- What can an unarmed person oppose to fascism?

(Only fortitude, personal courage.)

-Muller – scary man. How does he behave towards prisoners of war?

-What does Sokolov think about when preparing for death?

(About the family. He knows that he must die, but the man began to “gather his courage” in order to “fearlessly, as befits a soldier” to face death.)

-Why did Mueller need to personally execute a Russian soldier during
gala dinner?

(Müller needs not only to shoot a prisoner of war, but also to extremely humiliate the enemy. He wants a repetition of what, as it seems to him, happened at Stalingrad. He imagines that by bringing a Russian soldier to his knees, he will thereby merge with his invincible army. )

-Why, before shooting a prisoner, does he arrange a ritual with drinking?
(Humiliate.)

- In which physical condition is Sokolov located?

(Extremely exhausted, “hungry like a wolf.”)

- Why does he agree to drink but refuse a snack?

(Drinks to his death. “At least I’ll get drunk before I go into the yard and part with my life.” “I wanted to show them damned ones... that I have my own Russian dignity and pride, and that they didn’t turn me into a beast, no matter how hard we tried.")

- Why is the culmination of the story not an armed clash between two armies, but a “peaceful” dialogue between the warring parties?
(The dialogue with Mueller is not an armed fight between two enemies, but
a psychological duel from which Sokolov emerges victorious, which
Mueller is forced to admit too.)

– What is the meaning of this victory?

(A moral victory has been won.)
Read Mueller's words.

Müller gives high marks to personal qualities

captured soldier.

-How does the Nazis’ attitude towards Sokolov change over the course of the episode?
(Interest appears, self-esteem is discovered
prisoner; refusing to drink to the victory of German weapons, he enters into
open confrontation with Müller, the camp commandant, well-fed, strong,
an armed enemy who can physically destroy the prisoner in
any moment.)

-The conversation in the commandant's office takes place at the moment Battle of Stalingrad. Is there a connection between this event of world-historical significance and the particular episode depicted in the story?

(The camp commandant wanted a repeat of Stalingrad, and he got it in full

least. Victory Soviet troops on the Volga and Sokolov’s victory are the events of one
order, since victory over fascism is a victory, first of all,
moral.) I

So ordinary person Sholokhov becomes the embodiment of the people's character. Fascism is opposed by the hero and the great power of patience, so characteristic of our people.

- In what words does Sokolov express his view of the duty of a person, a man, a soldier? Read it.

(The willingness to endure, to “endure” becomes Sokolov’s life credo. “That’s why you’re a man, that’s why you’re a soldier, to endure everything, to endure everything, if need calls for it!”).

Write down those character traits of Sokolov that you noted in this
episode.
- What did Sokolov have to endure after escaping from captivity?

(He learns about the death of his wife and daughters, loses his son on Victory Day. The war took everything from him.)

The war was cruel to the soldier. Joy flashed for a short time, like the sun from behind a cloud.

(Portrait, dead, extinct eyes. “Why have you, life, maimed me so much?

Why did you distort it like that?” The hero’s heart was “petrified with grief” so much that

He is not even capable of crying. “...and my unshed tears can be seen on

the heart is withered. Maybe that's why it hurts so much."

-How can a person who finds himself in such a situation change?

(May become bitter and hate everyone).

The character of A. Sokolov is the embodiment of not only the heroism of the Russian people,
but also his tragedies. It is precisely as a great tragedy that the war is depicted in the story. It gives rise to general orphanhood and loneliness, destroys everything that was created with such difficulty. “I had a family, my own home, all this was put together over the years, and everything collapsed in a single moment, I was left alone,” says main character. But even in the whirlwind of war, even after the tragedies experienced, A. Sokolov did not lose his warmth and ability to sympathize.
ANALYSIS OF THE EPISODE (ADOPTION OF VANYUSHA).
Let's turn to the episode of Vanyushka's meeting and adoption.

Here is a still from the movie of the same name, which was a huge success. Director Sergei Bondarchuk. He's in leading role. The film became a classic of Russian cinema and was awarded the Grand Gold Prize at the Moscow International Film Festival (1959), the Lenin Prize (1960) and other awards.

-How the character of A. Sokolov is revealed in his relationship with

Vanyushka?

(You cannot save the world from destruction alone. According to Sholokhov, a person is able to resist the destruction of his own personality. The hero of the story, who has lost loved ones, cannot remain indifferent to the loneliness of others.)

- Why does Sokolov decide to adopt the boy?

– Can a child reach out to every person so trustingly?

- What do their destinies have in common?

- What does Vanyushka feel when he finds his father?

- What is Sokolov himself going through?

(My soul felt light and light).

- What could the war not take away from Sokolov?

(Humanity, compassion, desire for family unity).

- Is the hero alone in his ability to sympathize?

(No, there are many examples of compassion. Mistress. This is the embodiment of the humanistic essence of the entire people.)

(Admires, sympathizes, has compassion.)

-What character traits inherent in A. Sokolov did you write down?

Compare with my notes.

perseverance, generosity, self-confidence, courage, loyalty, hard work, ability to love, patriotism, compassion, kindness, dedication, self-sacrifice, conscientiousness,

responsibility, breadth of soul.
These are the best features of the Russian national character, the presence of which helped Andrei Sokolov to withstand such difficult trials and preserve himself as an individual.
6. Summing up.
- What is the meaning of the title of the story “The Fate of Man”? How do you understand the word fate?

( Working with a dictionary).

In his story, M. Sholokhov described a man capable of withstanding the blows of fate, showing truly great strength of character, the fortitude of the protagonist. A. Sokolov is depicted in different guises: husband, father, soldier. All this is united by a word that is capacious in its meaning - man.

The title, on the one hand, indicates the author’s attention to
individual human personality, and on the other hand, Sholokhov emphasizes that,
the fate of A. Sokolov is the fate of the entire people who have gone through the cruelest
trials during the bloodiest war of the 20th century and preserved
high humanistic values: kindness, mercy,
compassion.

“I would like my books to help people become better people, to become purer in soul, to awaken love for people, the desire to actively fight for the ideals of humanism and the progress of mankind. If I succeeded to some extent, I am happy,” these are the words from M. Sholokhov’s Nobel lecture.

I would like to end the lesson with the words of A. Tolstoy, a quote from whose story was taken as the theme of the lesson: “Yes, here they are, Russian characters! It seems like a simple person, but a severe misfortune will come, in big or small ways, and a great power will rise in him - human beauty.” Like this human beauty and we find in the main character of M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man.”
7. Homework.

Write a review about M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.”

8. Lesson summary.

Assessment of student performance.

EQUIPMENT:

Portrait of M. Sholokhov;

Illustrations for the work;

Notes on the board;

Plan of characterization of a literary hero;

Explanatory dictionary.

Sections: Literature

Goal: to teach to comprehend the ideological intent of a work by analyzing the text.

Objectives: to form in students an idea of the meaning of human existence, to develop analytical skills work of art, show the role of antithesis in the text, cultivate rejection of war.

Equipment: portrait of M. A. Sholokhov, text of the work, film recording

S. Bondarchuk “The Fate of Man”, illustrations to the story by B. Alimov and

O. Vereisky.

Progress of the lesson.

I. Organizational moment.

II.Teacher's opening speech.

The homeland is like a huge tree on which you can’t count the leaves. And everything that we do good adds strength to it. But not every tree has roots. Without roots, even a slight wind would have knocked it down. Roots nourish the tree and connect it to the earth. Roots are what we lived with yesterday, a year ago, a hundred, a thousand years ago. This is our story. In today's lesson we will turn to one of the most important events in the history of our Motherland. This is the Great Patriotic War.

Only selfless devotion and love for the Fatherland allowed our people to win that terrible war. We will look at it through the eyes of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov. And his story “The Fate of Man” will help us with this. Having traced the life path of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the story, we will not only learn about his fate, but also try to answer the question of what the Motherland meant to him, and, I hope, we will learn from him to selflessly love his Fatherland just as directly, openly and selflessly.

IV. The main part of the lesson. Working with the text of M. A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.”

1. The history of the creation of the work.

(Message prepared by student).

For the first time post-war year While hunting, the following incident happened to Sholokhov. There was a big spring flood. Sholokhov was sitting near the fence at the river crossing, resting. A man with a boy approached him, mistook him for “his brother-driver” by his clothes and hands in fuel oil, and told him about his painful fate. She excited Sholokhov. Then he decided to write a story. But only 10 years later I turned to this plot and wrote The Fate of Man in a week.” In 1956, just before the New Year, Pravda published the beginning of the story. And January 1, 1957 is its end. This became an event in the life of the country. Reader letters poured in to the editor, to the radio, and to the village of Veshenskaya.

2.The teacher's word.

So what is the meaning of the popularity of this work? Why did this story attract the attention of many readers? What is he talking about?

(students' answers).

From whom do we learn about the fate of Andrei Sokolov?

(We learn about the fate of Andrei Sokolov from himself. He tells the story of his life to the author, whom he met by chance at a crossing).

Is the entire story told from the perspective of the main character?

(No. At the beginning and at the end of the story, the narration is told on behalf of the author.)

What is unique about the composition of the story?

H. Student message.

The story has a circular composition: it begins with the author meeting with random fellow travelers - Andrei Sokolov and Vanyushka - and ends with parting with these people, who have become near and dear to the author. In the central part of the work, the narration is told on behalf of the main character, which allows not only to follow the events of his life, but also to see them through his eyes, to comprehend his own assessment of the actions he has committed, and to understand his experiences.

(expressive reading of the episode)

We find out that the man is walking with the boy. What interested the author in this couple? (Everything about the boy’s clothes betrays maternal care, and the man looks unkempt).

Eyes. “The eyes seem to be sprinkled with ashes, filled with such inescapable melancholy that it’s even difficult to look into them.”

Eyes are the mirror of the soul. What can you say about our hero? Why does he have those eyes?

(The author “felt uneasy” from such eyes. They were clearly talking about the difficult, tragic life his interlocutor, who decided to tell his “brother-driver” about himself. let us also follow the fate of Andrei Sokolov following Sholokhov).

5. The teacher's word.

How many parts can Andrei Sokolov's story about his life be divided into?

(Into three parts: before the war, war, after the war).

How did our hero live before the war? What does Sokolov see as his happiness in pre-war life?

(The hero’s pre-war life is uneventful. The civil war, hungry youth, work in a carpenter’s artel, and then in a factory and behind the wheel of a car, marriage, children, a house with two rooms - all these are signs of the most ordinary biography of a person of the generation to which Andrei belonged Sokolov: But it is in this, albeit poor, but completely settled life that the hero sees simple human happiness: “What else do you need? The children eat porridge with milk, they have a roof over their heads, they are dressed, they have shoes, so everything is in order.”

How does Andrey talk about himself and how about his loved ones?

(Talking about the happy years of pre-war life, the hero speaks with enthusiasm about his wife, children, and about himself - sparingly, while not hiding his weaknesses, for example, rudeness towards his wife, addiction to drinking. Moreover, he feels guilty for something for which there is no way to blame.)

What is happening to Andrei Sokolov at the front?

(At the front, Andrei Sokolov is a driver, carrying shells for an artillery battery. In May 1942, he goes to the front line, in a hurry, because his comrades are dying without shells. His truck is blown up in a minefield, Sokolov was shell-shocked. When he woke up, he found himself in the rear from the Germans. So he was captured.)

6. Analysis of the episode in the church.

What types of human behavior does Sholokhov depict in this scene (soldier - Christian, Kryzhnev, platoon commander, doctor)? Which position is closer to Sokolov?

(In the episode in the church, Sholokhov reveals possible types of human behavior in inhuman circumstances. Different characters here embody different life positions. But only the position of the doctor, “who did his great work both in captivity and in the dark,” evokes sincere respect and admiration from Sokolov. In any conditions, remaining oneself and not betraying one’s duty is the position of Sokolov himself. The hero does not accept either submission or opposition of his life to others. That is why he decides to kill Kryzhnev in order to save his platoon commander. His soul is heavy, but he cannot allow one person to save his life at the cost of another’s death, for he sees salvation only in the unity of people).

7. Analysis of the episode of the fight between Andrei Sokolov and Lagerführer Müller.

(Expressive reading of the episode).

What does Sokolov think about as he prepares for death?

Why did Mueller need to personally execute a Russian soldier during

gala dinner?

Why, before shooting a prisoner, does he arrange a ritual with drinking?

Why does he agree to drink but refuse a snack?

What place does this episode occupy in the composition of the story?

Who wins this fight and at what moment? What is the meaning of this victory?

How does the content of the protagonist’s image expand due to this parallel?

In what words is Sokolov’s view of human duty expressed? Men. Soldier?

(The dialogue with Muller is not an armed battle between two enemies, but a psychological duel from which Sokolov emerges victorious, which Muller himself is forced to admit. The camp commandant wanted a repeat of Stalingrad, he got it in full. The victory of the Soviet troops on the Volga and the victory of Sokolov - events of the same order, since the victory over fascism is, first of all, a moral victory. Thus, in Sholokhov, an ordinary person becomes the embodiment of the people’s character, and the hero contrasts fascism with the great strength of patience, so characteristic of the Russian people, the willingness to endure, to “endure” to become vital. Sokolov’s credo: “That’s why you’re a man, that’s why you’re a soldier, to endure everything, to endure everything, if need calls for it.”)

8. The teacher's word.

What did Sokolov have to endure after escaping from captivity?

(The most terrible thing for Sokolov was the loss of loved ones. Twice he interrupts his story, and both times - when he remembers his deceased wife and children. It is in these places that Sholokhov gives expressive portrait details and remarks: “I glanced sideways at the narrator, but not a single tear I saw in his, as if in dead, extinct eyes. He sat with his head bowed, only his large, limply lowered hands trembled slightly, his chin trembled, his firm lips trembled”; : “Come on, brother, let’s have a smoke, otherwise I’m suffocating.” How great must be the pain that this person experiences if he, who has looked death in the face more than once, has never given in to an enemy, says: “ Why did you, life, cripple so much? Why did you distort it so much?” The hero’s heart is “petrified with grief” so much that he is not even able to cry, although tears, perhaps, would bring him relief (“...And My unshed tears have apparently dried up on my heart.”)

The war took everything away from Sokolov. No family, house destroyed. Hometown became a stranger. And he went wherever his eyes led him, to Uryupinsk, with a dried-up heart, alone.

9. Watching an excerpt from S. Bondarchuk’s film “The Fate of a Man.” Meeting between Sokolov and Vanyushka.

(Episode Analysis).

Why does Sokolov decide to adopt Vanyushka? What do their fates have in common?

After meeting with a boy whose “little eyes are like a star after the rain,” Sokolov’s “heart goes away, becomes softer,” “his soul became light and somehow bright.” As you can see, he warmed up. Vanya is the heart of Andrei Sokolov, his life has regained meaning.”

So. Vanya found his father, and Andrei Sokolov found his son. Both found a family. Where are they going and why? (They go to the Kasharsky district. Sokolov has work there, and Vanyushka has school).

10. The teacher's word.

There remains doubt about what lies ahead for our heroes. What do you think? Will Andrei Sokolov survive? What lies ahead for them?

(“Yes, he can handle it. Life, family, grandchildren are ahead. Because Sokolov proved with his life that he is an indomitable person. And Vanya will help him with this.”)

V. Summing up.

Love for the Motherland is not an abstract concept. This love has a basis: family, home, school, the place where you were born. This is where the Motherland begins. And even if fate takes away what is most precious, dignity and love for your people will help you find everything again.

If you have cultivated human dignity in yourself, it will help you preserve a person in any situation. And then, after the world cataclysms, Russian people of unbending will and will will walk across the spring Russian land towards the Future. little boy with the symbolic Russian name Ivan. And the whole Russian people, all of Russia, will follow them.

VI. Homework. (At students' choice).

Write a review of a book you read.

Literature used.

1. Sholokhov at school: A book for teachers! Author-comp.M. A. 1-Iyankovsky. - M.: Bustard, 2001.

2. Sholokhov spring: Educational and methodological. Allowance / Comp. L. I. Pugachenko, V. V. Vasiliev, N. I. Ivashchenko.-Voronezh-2006.

Z. M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man” - Moscow, 1986.

Answer from Damir Dankanich[guru]
it's difficult. Sholokhov is only seemingly simple and understandable, but he is a “multi-layered” writer; you can’t skim his works with your eyes - you have to think. The author always presents his reader with a choice. even so: before the CHOICE. This episode is perhaps the most morally complex in the entire story. well, in my opinion. Is it possible to survive in war? Can. the whole story is about this. Is it possible to survive a war and remain HUMAN? here it’s not just difficult, but very difficult.
a church damaged by artillery shelling, where prisoners were driven for the night. There were always prisoners in all wars. An ancient military tradition is to take a belt (a symbol of military valor and strength). That's why all the prisoners are without belts. their belts (military belts) are now trophies of those who won the battle. the winners are wearing military belts, with the inscription “Gott mit uns” (“God is with us”) on their buckles. trophies - belts with a five-pointed star on the buckle. as if God helped to win those who, with the name of God, as with a talisman, went into battle. and the Red Army soldiers are atheists, and therefore they were defeated. BUT! ! people with the name of God on a military belt herd prisoners like cattle into the TEMPLE OF GOD. The Nazis are Christians, therefore any temple where they worship a god named Jesus Christ should be, by default, the abode of God for a Christian. The Nazis don’t bother with such things - for them, a Christian church is just a spacious room into which a large group of prisoners can be driven and which is quite easy to guard. God is on their buckles, not in their souls.
The state of the prisoners is almost all depressed. they lost the battle on their land, they did not defend. this time. two - they are all, by default, criminals before the country, the head of which, Comrade Stalin, proclaimed: “The USSR has no prisoners - there are only traitors.” that is, it doesn’t matter whether you voluntarily surrendered or were wounded or unconscious (like the hero of Sokolov’s story) - you are a traitor to your homeland. The turmoil in my soul is such that words cannot describe it. someone lies stupidly with their eyes closed, someone is making escape plans, someone is reproaching themselves. in short, everyone is alone with himself, with his conscience, with his soul. and - one person, no less tired than the others, moves from one prisoner to another - looking for the wounded in order to provide all possible assistance. a military doctor whose medical duty is above all else. "Do what you must - let it be as it will be."
The big-faced Judas by the name of Kryzhnev also made his choice - at the morning roll call he would certainly betray his communist platoon commander. “I don’t intend to answer for you.” although no one is forcing him to “answer”. you can simply remain silent - but this vile note, the note of power over your former commander, gives Kryzhnev such courage. in principle - a ready-made policeman. Sokolov sentences the traitor Kryzhnev, according to his inner conviction: a traitor is not worthy of life! Sokolov is a prosecutor, judge and executioner rolled into one. Judas - death of Judas. and the traitor Sokolov strangles (Judas hanged himself, realizing the gravity of his sin, it was his choice, according to biblical tradition). It seems that everything is true, BUT. . everything happens under the dome of the temple. and “thou shalt not kill,” and “do not judge, that ye may not be judged,” are not balanced with “to Judas and the death of Judas.” .
and here is a MAN who is laughed at and scolded by all the captives - a believer who does not want to desecrate the temple of God (even if it is broken, desecrated, desecrated). does not want to add a drop of filth to the already existing sea of filth. He not only cannot afford to perform natural needs in the temple - for him this is tantamount to shitting on the soul, and not only his own. this is to make the world dirtier. and a MAN goes to his death so that the world remains at least a little cleaner.
and Sokolov remembers the doctor - he helped him, he remembers Kryzhnev-Judas - this is the first person he killed, and besides, he was not an enemy, but his own, Russian. and - a "pagan" who taught moral lesson, a lesson in true humanity: you can’t shit in the temple! in no way!

Abstract open lesson according to literature.

Platoon: 12

Date: 04/28/12

Lesson topic:

"The Destiny of Man" - incarnation tragic fate Russian people during the Great Patriotic War.

Lesson objectives:

Introduce the biography and work of M.A. Sholokhov.
Introduce students to military themes in works Soviet writers using the example of M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.”
Develop skills to work independently with literary text, ability to express and argue one’s opinion.
To cultivate love for the Motherland, respect for its difficult history, love for native language and literature.

Materials and equipment: presentation, portrait of I.A. Sholokhov, text, textbook, film by S. Bondarchuk “The Fate of a Man.”

Progress of the lesson.

1. Organizational moment.

2. Updating knowledge.

Many soviet people went through the Great Patriotic War. Among them were writers and poets.

What are the names of poets and front-line writers? (Slides No. 5,6,7,8)

Nikolai Mayorov, Mikhail Lukonin, Semyon Gudzenko, Pavel Kogan, NikolaiKulchitsky - went to the front, many of them did not return from the war.

One of the works dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War is the story “The Fate of a Man” by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov.

What can you tell us about Sholokhov himself, the author of the story “The Fate of a Man”? (Students speak with a pre-prepared presentation).

3. Studying new material.

Now let's move on directly to the story “The Fate of a Man.” Pay attention to the composition of the story.

What are the features of the composition and plot of this work?

(The author uses a special compositional technique- a story within a story. The plot of the work includes Andrei Sokolov's story about his fate. This is the confession of a courageous man: after all, in order to again, in the narrative, experience all the troubles, torment and suffering that befell him, enormous mental strength is needed.)

(The hero of the story, Andrei Sokolov, is an ordinary, simple person. He appears together with a little boy, whom he calls his son. The author immediately notices an incomprehensible feature: the child’s clothes, although not new, are of good quality, the torn sleeve is carefully sewn up, and the father’s clothes are sewn carelessly - it is immediately clear that the man was darning. The author assumed that his random interlocutor was either widowed or did not get along with his wife.)

Why do you think Andrei Sokolov tells the story of his life to a stranger?

(Probably because Sholokhov’s hero went through a lot, and he has no close people, except Vanyusha, who was adopted by him. But the boy is still small, and besides, he also suffered grief - he lost his parents, and his mother died when the two of them were traveling on a train, during the bombing, and his adoptive father takes care of him and takes pity on him. And this is not a story for a child, Andrei is a driver by profession. When he saw the man waiting near the car, he thought that he was also a driver - that means “his brother,” as they say. “It’s sickening to smoke and die alone,” Andrey clumsily justifies himself.)

The story "The Fate of Man" takes place shortly after the war; however, the story itself was written much later in 1956: about 10 years passed between the chance meeting with the man who became the prototype of Andrei Sokolov and the creation of the story.

Why do you think such a story could not have appeared earlier?

(There is no expressed ideological position in the story. Although Andrei Sokolov mentions that half of the prisoners were communists, this has no significance for the plot and meaning of the story. Moreover, Sholokhov’s hero was in German captivity, which under Stalin was regarded as a crime It is known that those who escaped from German camps often ended up in Soviet camps. In addition, only during the period of the so-called Thaw it became possible to put humanistic rather than ideological values at the forefront - family, mutual understanding, peaceful work, human dignity and compassion. The Fate of Man" is imbued not with the pathos of a victorious hero, but with the inescapable melancholy of a man who has lost everyone who was dear to him.

“Sometimes you don’t sleep at night, you look into the darkness with empty eyes and think: “Why have you, life, maimed me so much? Why did you distort it like that?” I don’t have an answer, either in the dark or in the clear sun... There isn’t and I can’t wait!” - Andrei Sokolov complains.)

What are the main milestones in the fate of Andrei Sokolov? What helped the hero survive?

(IN a short story Sholokhov experiences the whole life, the whole fate of the hero, the “simple Soviet man”: his pre-war life, going to the front and saying goodbye to his family, captivity, unsuccessful escape, liberation, death of the family, meeting with Vanyushka, who became the hero’s son. Spiritual generosity, humanity, cordiality, and a sense of responsibility help him survive.)

How does the hero manifest himself in all trials?

(Andrei Sokolov’s powers seem limitless; he has an indestructible will to live, to fight for justice: “And I am from last bit of strength, but went"; “I served a month in a punishment cell for escaping, but still alive... I remained alive!” Always, in all circumstances, Andrei does not lose his sense of human dignity, does not bend in the face of troubles. Sokolov's fortitude is so great that it amazes even inveterate sadistic fascists.

The hero had to endure the most terrible test - the news of the death of his wife and daughters, the death of his son on the last day of the war. It seems that there is no strength left to live, it is impossible to survive such grief. But the hero has not wasted his sensitivity, the need to give warmth and care to others; he feels his own and others’ pain with his heart.)

What is the significance of the episode "In the Church"? How do people express themselves? Which position is closest to Sokolov? How did the hero himself behave?

(In the episode “In the Church,” Sholokhov reveals possible types of human behavior in inhumane circumstances. Different characters embody different life positions here. A Christian soldier prefers to die rather than submit to circumstances and give up his beliefs, but in doing so he becomes the culprit for the deaths of four people Kryzhnev is trying to buy his right to life, paying for it with someone else’s life. The platoon commander resignedly awaits his fate. But only the position of the doctor, “who did his great work both in captivity and in the dark,” evokes sincere respect and admiration from Sokolov.

In any conditions, to remain yourself, not to betray your duty - this is the position of Sokolov himself. The hero does not accept either submission or opposition of his life to the lives of other people. That’s why he decides to kill Kryzhnev in order to save the platoon commander. Murder is not easy for Sokolov, especially the murder of “one of his own”; his soul is heavy, but he cannot allow one person to save his own life at the cost of the death of another.

The episode "In the Church" shows how the hero's character is cruelly tested. Life confronts him with the need to choose. The hero acts as his conscience tells him.)

In which scenes of the story “The Fate of Man” is “Russian dignity and pride” most fully shown? Comment on these scenes. (Showing a fragment of the film “The Fate of Man” by S. Bondarchuk)

(The dialogue with Muller is not an armed battle between two enemies, but a psychological duel from which Sokolov emerges victorious, which Muller himself is forced to admit. The victory of the Soviet troops on the Volga and the victory of Sokolov are events of the same order, since the victory over fascism is, First of all, the victory is moral).

What role does the meeting with Vanyushka play in Sokolov’s fate?

(An unexpected meeting with a child, an accidental “splinter of war,” revives the hero. Love and compassion evoke a response in the boy’s heart. Andrei Sokolov not only does not submit to fate, but also makes his own destiny, changes the orphan’s fate for the boy.)

(Sholokhov, in the image of his hero, reveals the tragedy of our entire people, their misfortunes and suffering. The author's pain and sympathy are felt in the very tone of the story, in the choice of the hero - a simple man, in the vicissitudes of his fate. The main method of constructing a story - antithesis - also serves as an expression of the author's positions: peaceful life, quiet happiness is the destructive force of war; goodness and justice - monstrous fanaticism, cruelty, inhumanity; devotion is betrayal; light - darkness. It is clear which side the author is on, what ideals he defends.)

What is the meaning of the story's title? (slide No. 11)

Let’s look at the meaning of the word “fate” according to Ozhegov’s dictionary.

A confluence of circumstances independent of a person’s will, the course of life circumstances;
Share, fate;
The history of the existence of someone or something;
The future, what will happen

Fate is a multi-meaning word.

In what sense is it used in the title of the story? (It shows not only the history of Andrei Sokolov’s existence, but also how he was able not to submit to circumstances and was able to survive. In his battle with fate, he showed great strength of character.)
Let's once again name those character traits that helped Andrei Sokolov withstand and overcome difficulties. (Resilience, generosity, ability to love, courage, compassion, kindness, etc.)

Sholokhov describes without embellishment the life of his hero in German captivity. Returning to his homeland, Andrei painfully experiences the loss of his family. Indeed, the fate of this man, a simple man who does not stand out in any way from the multitude of similar ordinary people, is very difficult.

How does the humanism of the story manifest itself?

(Despite everything, Andrei Sokolov has not lost the ability to empathize. He without hesitation takes care of little Vanyusha. In captivity, Andrei honestly shares the pitiful crumbs of provisions with his comrades, kills a traitor who decided to announce to the Germans that one of the prisoners was a platoon commander .

We see that Andrei's suffering heart is still capable of sincere love. As a result of the shocks he suffered, Andrei’s health suffered greatly: “...My unshed tears, apparently, have dried up in my heart. Maybe that’s why it hurts so much?” This worries Andrei, but not because of himself, but because of Vanyusha: “... Somehow we would have lived with him, but my heart swayed, the piston needs to be changed... Sometimes he will grab and press so hard that white light the vision fades. I’m afraid that someday I’ll die in my sleep and scare my son.”)

What is instructive about the story of Andrei Sokolov?

(Andrei Sokolov, a simple man, soldier and father, acts as a guardian and defender of life, its foundations, moral laws that have evolved over centuries. Sholokhov’s hero defends the meaning and truth of human existence itself.)

The author does not talk about how the life of Andrei and his adopted son developed further. Sholokhov pursued a different goal - to show what he was doing with human life war. “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force... What awaits them ahead? And I would like to think that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure and grow up next to his father’s shoulder, who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything on his way ... "

4. Summing up.

Answer the question in writing: “How did the fate of Andrei Sokolov become an expression of the fate of the entire people?” (Slide No. 16)

(Analysis of students’ work in class, grading)

5. Homework.

Teacher of Russian language and literature Melentyeva E.A.