Proverbs and sayings are something that is passed down from generation to generation. family traditions and the wisdom of generations. Despite the fact that different nations on different languages have their own proverbs and sayings, in many ways they all overlap and are united general meaning and meaning.

Personally, I didn’t even notice when it started, but I myself talk to children incredibly often, using proverbs or sayings. And what’s nice is that as children grow up, they also, unnoticed by themselves, use them in their speech.

Let's talk today about proverbs and sayings for children.

What are proverbs and sayings

Sayings and proverbs are short sayings that carry folk wisdom. It is believed that these sayings were invented by the people, and their instructive content is reinforced by centuries of experience. Since ancient times, people have reflected in their statements the customs and traditions accepted in their lives, and also ridiculed human vices: stupidity, envy, greed, etc. The meaning of proverbs is to pass on the experience of the people to future generations, and essence of proverbs– to teach descendants “wit and reason”, to make sure that they learn from the mistakes of others and have the opportunity to avoid their own. In addition, folk sayings make our language more eloquent, lively, and decorate speech.

The first books found with proverbs and sayings date back to 2500. They were found back in Ancient Egypt. Even then, people carefully kept instructive records for subsequent generations.

Many sayings are taken from the works of great Russian poets and writers. For example, in the work of Griboyedov A.S. “Woe from Wit” there are more than two dozen phrases and expressions that have become “catch phrases”.

Proverbs and sayings in fairy tales

Many fairy tales and fables are based on proverbs. Many folk sayings can be found in children's fairy tales. For example, the proverb for the fairy tale “The Frog Traveler”: “In every magpie perishes by its own tongue.”. And here - to the fairy tale “Puss in Boots” - “D It’s what’s done on time.” Large quantity catchphrases can be gleaned from the Bible, especially in its Old Testament part.

The largest collection of proverbs and sayings in our country is a collection created in the 19th century by Russian philologist Vladimir Dahl, who studied folk sayings for about 20 years. The book contains more than 30,000 sayings, which are divided into special thematic sections.

Proverbs and sayings differ from each other in the purpose of their statement, although they are often confused.

How are proverbs different from sayings?

Let's figure out how proverbs and sayings differ.

Proverbs. What are they?

Proverb is a short saying that embodies the instructive wisdom of the people. A proverb contains a complete thought.

• apply to various life phenomena;
• have two parts that rhyme with each other;
• contains a moral message or a warning;
• is a proposal.

Example of a proverb: “You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.”

What about sayings? What is this?

Saying is simply a phrase or phrase, full of eloquence, but not containing teachings. They can be replaced by any other words within the meaning. A saying, for the most part, is only part of a judgment. Example of a saying: “Put your teeth on the shelf.”

Both proverbs and sayings decorate human speech and teach wisdom to younger generations. Typically, proverbs are divided into several topics to make them easier to find and study. Let's give a few examples.

Proverbs about the Motherland

• Your own land is sweet in a handful;
• There is no more beautiful country in the world than ours;
• The homeland is the mother, the foreign land is the stepmother.
• It's warmer overseas, but it's lighter here.
• A man without a homeland is a nightingale without a song.
• The bird that dislikes its nest is stupid.
• The native land is a paradise for the heart.
• The bird is small, but it protects its nest.
• Take care of your native land like your beloved mother.

Proverbs about home

• Away is good, but home is better;
• If the hut is crooked, the mistress is bad;
• Don’t open your mouth to someone else’s loaf, but get up early and start your own.
• My home is my fortress.
• Each hut has its own rattles.
• A good wife will save the house, but a thin one will shake it with her sleeve.
• Lead the house, don’t weave bast shoes.
• Houses and walls help.
• The hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies.
• It's good to sing songs outside the mountains, but it's better to live at home.
• At home - as you want, and in public - as you are told.

Proverbs about friendship

• Brother will not betray brother;
• An old friend is better than two new ones.
• Friendship is different from friendship, but throw another one;
• Friendship is like glass: if you break it, you won’t be able to put it back together.
• Friendship is not a mushroom; you won’t find it in the forest.
• A true friend is better than a hundred servants.
• Friendship is friendship, and service is service.
• Look for friends, and enemies will appear.
• Whoever you hang out with, that's how you'll gain.
• If you hold on to each other, you won’t be afraid of anything.
• Friendship is strong not through flattery, but through truth and honor.
• All for one, one for all.
• A friend in need is a friend indeed.
• Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.
• A friend argues, a foe agrees.
• A strong friendship cannot be cut with an axe.
• There is safety in numbers.
• What you don’t want for yourself, don’t do to others.
• One bee will not bring much honey.
• You can't get along with someone who likes to scold.

Proverbs about family and children

• IN friendly family and warm in the cold;
• Food tastes better at a shared family table;
• In your home, the walls also help.
• The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.
• A family in a heap is not a terrible cloud.
• Harmony and harmony in the family is a treasure.
• There is discord in the family, and I’m not happy at home.
• A tree is held together by its roots, and a person is held together by its family.
• They show off their daughters, they live in honor with their sons.
• Mother's prayer reaches from the bottom of the sea.
• To honor your father and mother means not to know grief.
• To cherish your family is to be happy.
• Our people - we will be numbered.
• A mother's heart warms better than the sun.
• Even if it’s crowded, it’s better together.
• Away is good, but home is better.
• It's warm in a friendly family even in the cold.
• Where there is peace and harmony, there is God's grace.
• Where there is advice, there is light, where there is agreement, there is God.
• Good brotherhood is better than wealth.
• It is not the stove that warms the house, but love and harmony.
• The hut is fun for children.
• The bird is happy about spring, and the child is happy about its mother.
• For an obedient son, parental orders are not burdensome.
• Birds in the nest until autumn, children in the family until the age.
• Where there is love, there is God.

Proverbs about animals

At all times, people have learned from the example of our smaller brothers. Here is a selection instructive proverbs based on the use of animal images.

• God does not give a horn to a lively cow;
• The wolf's legs feed him;
• If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest.
• You can’t even take a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
• Know your nest, cricket.
• And the wolves are fed, and the sheep are safe.
• Each sandpiper praises its swamp.
• A small dog is a puppy until old age.
• The animal runs towards the catcher.
• On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little crow.
• Not everything is for the cat Maslenitsa.
• To live with wolves is to howl like a wolf.
• Nightingales are not fed fables.
• The dog is in the manger - he doesn’t eat himself and doesn’t give it to others

Proverbs about work

• Time for business - time for fun;
• The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing;
• Whoever gets up early, God gives him.
• Hardworking - like an ant.
• Strike while the iron is hot.
• Work hard and there will be bread in the bins.
• He who does not work does not eat.
• Whoever gets up early, God gives to him.
• Finished the job - go for a walk safely.
• Don’t take on your own business, and don’t be lazy about yours.
• The master's work is afraid.
• Patience and work will grind everything down.
• From the labors of the righteous one cannot make stone chambers.
• Labor feeds, but laziness spoils.

Proverbs for children

• IN family of origin and the porridge is thicker;
• The mouth rejoices at a large piece;
• If you don't know the ford, don't go into the water.
• Childhood is a golden time.
• For common table the food tastes better.
• IN healthy body- healthy mind.
• Small and smart.
• The child's finger hurts, the mother's heart hurts.
• Sow a habit and grow character.
• Love is good mutually.
• All's well that ends well.
• Teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
• If you love to ride, you also love to carry sleds.
• A warm word melts the ice.
• Don’t take on many things, but excel in one.
• My tongue is my enemy.
• Seven do not wait for one.
• If you drive more quietly, you will go further.
• If you hurry, you will make people laugh.
• As it comes back, so will it respond.

Proverbs about books and study

• Living with a book is a breeze.
• The book is small, but it gave me some insight.
• A good book is your best friend.
• He who reads a lot knows a lot.
• Reading books means never getting bored.
• The more you learn, the stronger you will become.
• Speech is silver, silence is gold.
• The world is illuminated by the sun, and man is illuminated by knowledge.
• Learning is light, not learning is darkness.
• They meet you by their clothes, they see you off by their mind.
• Live forever and learn.
• The word is not a sparrow: if it flies out, you won’t catch it.

There is a great thematic variety of proverbs and sayings, the benefits of which for a little person are difficult to overestimate.

What are the benefits of proverbs for children

What is the wisdom and benefit of sayings and proverbs for children? Here are just some of the advantages of proverbs:

• convey folk wisdom;
• introduce them to the beauty and richness of their native language;
• teach common sense;
• instill moral and aesthetic views;
• form life experience;
• encourage action;
• shape the child’s outlook on life;
• learn to formulate thoughts clearly and concisely;
• develop creative thinking;
• help develop clear diction;
• help to assimilate a variety of intonation of statements: affection, grief, surprise, etc.;
• learn the pronunciation of sounds that are difficult to combine with each other;
• develop sound culture of speech;
• develop memory;
• develop a sense of rhythm, rhyme, etc.

Experts recommend that parents introduce their children to proverbs and sayings from a very early age. Their correct use in games and developmental activities helps children develop harmoniously in accordance with their age, develops clear and competent speech and instills in them a love for their native Russian word.

Games, competitions and fun tasks with proverbs

Knowledge of proverbs and the wisdom of generations is most easily acquired in the game. While studying proverbs and sayings with your child, you can periodically organize fun things - games and competitions with proverbs.

Finish the sentence

The easiest way to remember proverbs and sayings is to play this game with your child. The adult names part of the proverb, and the child must continue:

For example: Cats - over there... (the child continues) - there is plenty for mice.

Proverb Master

Game-competition for knowledge of proverbs. It is necessary to say proverbs in turn, without repeating. The one who runs out of all options loses)))

Explain the proverb, or where is the moral?

Invite the children to explain the meaning of proverbs. Such a task can lead to a serious conversation, and will teach the child to look for morality and draw the right conclusions from actions, teach him to analyze his behavior and encourage him to be better.

Game "Twins"

Offer children a series of proverbs written on cards. Within a certain time, children must collect pairs of proverbs, suitable friend friend in meaning.

For example: “All that glitters is not gold” and “They meet you by their clothes, they see you off by their minds”

“Strike while the iron is hot” and “If you miss an hour, you won’t make it up in a year”

Watch a video lesson about proverbs and sayings with your children:

This is the conversation we had about proverbs and sayings. Do you apply the wisdom of nations in your speech? Can you add any games for knowledge of proverbs and sayings? Write in the comments!

With warmth,

Add the first number
You won't believe it, but old school students were flogged every week, no matter who was right or wrong. And if the “mentor” overdoes it, then such a spanking would last for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

All tryn-grass
The mysterious “tryn-grass” is not some kind of herbal medicine that people drink so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass,” that is, a weed that no one needed, everyone was indifferent to.

Goal like a falcon
Terribly poor, beggar. They usually think that we are talking about a falcon bird. But she has nothing to do with it. In fact, the "falcon" is an ancient military battering gun. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast iron block attached to chains. Nothing extra!

Orphan Kazan
This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan “Kazan”? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

Unlucky man
In the old days in Rus', “path” was the name given not only to the road, but also to various positions at the prince’s court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the hunter's path is in charge of hound hunting, the stablemaster's path is in charge of carriages and horses. The boyars tried by hook or by crook to get a position from the prince. And those who did not succeed were spoken of with disdain: a good-for-nothing person.

Topsy-turvy
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was placed backwards on a horse with his clothes turned inside out and, in this disgraced form, was driven around the city to the whistling and jeers of the street crowd.

Lead by the nose
Deceive by promising and not fulfilling what was promised. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies led bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, the poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of a handout.

Scapegoat
This is the name given to a person who is blamed for someone else. The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the ritual no longer exists, but the expression still lives on.

Sharpen the laces
Lyasy (balusters) are turned, figured posts of railings at the porch. Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But in our time, the number of people skilled in conducting such a conversation became fewer and fewer. So this expression came to mean empty chatter.

Grated kalach
In the old days there really was such a type of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was crumpled, kneaded, and “grated” for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - “do not grate, do not crush, there will be no kalach.” That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from this proverb.

Hack on the nose
If you think about it, the meaning of this expression seems cruel - you must admit, it’s not very pleasant to imagine an ax next to your own nose. In reality, everything is not so sad. In this expression, the word “nose” has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A “nose” was the name given to a memorial plaque, or a note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried such tablets and sticks with them, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notations were made as memories.

Neither fluff nor feather
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. In the language of hunters, feather means bird, and down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter going on a hunt received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the trapping pit!” To which the earner, in order not to jinx it either, replied: “To hell!” And both were confident that the evil spirits, invisibly present during this dialogue, would be satisfied and leave behind, and would not plot intrigues during the hunt.

Beat your head
What are “baklushi”, who “beats” them and when? For a long time, artisans have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To carve a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a block of wood from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing the bucks: it was an easy, trivial task that did not require any special skill. Preparing such chocks was called “beating the lumps.” From here, from the mockery of the masters at the auxiliary workers - “baklushechnik”, our saying came from.?

The first damn thing is lumpy
Initially, the saying sounded like this: “The first pancake is for komAm (bears), the second pancake is for acquaintances, the third pancake is for distant relatives, and the fourth pancake is for me.”

Why do bears get the first pancake? The Slavs had a custom of giving the first pancakes to comas (in ancient Slavic comas - bears). After all, the ancient Slavs revered the Komoeditsa holiday, dedicated to the awakening of bears, whom they considered the ancestors of people. The first pancakes that the hostess baked were brought to the den by bears who were waking up from hibernation.
All tryn-grass
The mysterious “tryn-grass” is not some kind of herbal medicine that people drink so as not to worry. At first it was called “tyn-grass”, and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass,” that is, a weed that no one needed, everyone was indifferent to.
Add the first number
Believe it or not, in the old school students were flogged every week, no matter who was right or wrong. And if the “mentor” overdoes it, then such a spanking would last for a long time, until the first day of the next month.
Goal like a falcon
Terribly poor, beggar. They usually think that we are talking about a falcon bird. But she has nothing to do with it. In fact, the “falcon” is an ancient military battering gun. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast iron block attached to chains. Nothing extra!
Orphan Kazan
This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan “Kazan”? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.
Unlucky man
In the old days in Rus', “path” was the name given not only to the road, but also to various positions at the prince’s court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the hunter's path is in charge of hound hunting, the stablemaster's path is in charge of carriages and horses. The boyars tried by hook or by crook to get a position from the prince. And those who did not succeed were spoken of with disdain: a good-for-nothing person.
Topsy-turvy
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was placed backwards on a horse with his clothes turned inside out and, in this disgraced form, was driven around the city to the whistling and jeers of the street crowd.
Lead by the nose
Deceive by promising and not fulfilling what was promised. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies led bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, the poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of a handout.
Scapegoat
This is the name given to a person who is blamed for someone else. The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the ritual no longer exists, but the expression still lives on.
Sharpen the laces
Lyasy (balusters) are turned figured posts of railings at the porch. Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But in our time, the number of people skilled in conducting such a conversation became fewer and fewer. So this expression came to mean empty chatter.
Grated kalach
In the old days there really was such a type of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was crumpled, kneaded, “grated” for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - “do not grate, do not crush, there will be no kalach.” That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from this proverb.
Hack on the nose
If you think about it, the meaning of this expression seems cruel - you must agree, it’s not very pleasant to imagine an ax next to your own nose. In reality, everything is not so sad. In this expression, the word “nose” has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A “nose” was the name given to a memorial plaque, or a note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried such tablets and sticks with them, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notations were made as memories.
Neither fluff nor feather
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. In the language of hunters, feather means bird, and down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter going on a hunt received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the trapping pit!” To which the earner, in order not to jinx it either, replied: “To hell!” And both were confident that the evil spirits, invisibly present during this dialogue, would be satisfied and leave behind, and would not plot intrigues during the hunt.
Beat your head
What are “baklushi”, who “beats” them and when? For a long time, artisans have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To carve a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a block of wood from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing the bucks: it was an easy, trivial task that did not require any special skill. Preparing such chocks was called “beating the lumps.” From here, from the mockery of the masters at the auxiliary workers - “baklushechnik”, our saying came from.

All tryn-grass

The mysterious "tryn-grass" is not at all some kind of herbal medicine that people drink so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass,” that is, a weed that no one needed, everyone was indifferent to.

Add the first number

Believe it or not, in the old school students were flogged every week, no matter who was right or wrong. And if the “mentor” overdoes it, then such a spanking would last for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

Goal like a falcon

Terribly poor, beggar. They usually think that we are talking about a falcon bird. But she has nothing to do with it. In fact, the "falcon" is an ancient military battering gun. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast iron block attached to chains. Nothing extra!

Orphan Kazan

This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan “Kazan”? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

Unlucky man

In the old days in Rus', “path” was the name given not only to the road, but also to various positions at the prince’s court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the hunter's path is in charge of hound hunting, the stablemaster's path is in charge of carriages and horses. The boyars tried by hook or by crook to get a position from the prince. And those who did not succeed were spoken of with disdain: a good-for-nothing person.

Topsy-turvy

Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was placed backwards on a horse with his clothes turned inside out and, in this disgraced form, was driven around the city to the whistling and jeers of the street crowd.

Lead by the nose

Deceive by promising and not fulfilling what was promised. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies led bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, the poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of a handout.

Scapegoat

This is the name given to a person who is blamed for someone else. The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the ritual no longer exists, but the expression still lives on.

Sharpen the laces

Lyasy (balusters) are turned figured posts of railings at the porch. Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But in our time, the number of people skilled in conducting such a conversation became fewer and fewer. So this expression came to mean empty chatter.

Grated kalach

In the old days there really was such a type of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was crumpled, kneaded, and “grated” for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - “do not grate, do not crush, there will be no kalach.” That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from this proverb.

Hack on the nose

If you think about it, the meaning of this expression seems cruel - you must agree, it’s not very pleasant to imagine an ax next to your own nose. In reality, everything is not so sad. In this expression, the word “nose” has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A “nose” was the name given to a memorial plaque, or a note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried such tablets and sticks with them, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notations were made as memories.

Neither fluff nor feather

This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. In the language of hunters, feather means bird, and down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter going on a hunt received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the trapping pit!” To which the earner, in order not to jinx it either, replied: “To hell!” And both were confident that the evil spirits, invisibly present during this dialogue, would be satisfied and leave behind, and would not plot intrigues during the hunt.

Beat your head

What are “baklushi”, who “beats” them and when? For a long time, artisans have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To carve a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a block of wood from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing the bucks: it was an easy, trivial task that did not require any special skill. Preparing such chocks was called “beating the boobs.” From here, from the mockery of the masters at the auxiliary workers - “baklushechnik”, our saying came from.

Rub glasses

How can glasses be rubbed in? Where and why? Such a picture would look very ridiculous. And the absurdity occurs because we are not talking about glasses at all, which are used to correct vision. There is another meaning of the word "glasses": red and black marks on playing cards. There is even a gambling card game called “point”. For as long as there have been cards, there have been dishonest players and cheaters. In order to deceive their partner, they resorted to all sorts of tricks. By the way, they knew how to quietly “rub in points” - turn a seven into a six or a four into a five, on the go, during the game, by gluing in a “point” or covering it with a special white powder. And the expression “to cheat” began to mean “to deceive”, hence other words were born: “deception”, “deception” - a trickster who knows how to embellish his work, pass off the bad as very good.

After the rain on Thursday

Rusichi - ancient ancestors Russians - among their gods they honored the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week was dedicated to him - Thursday (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Prayers were offered to Perun for rain during the drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on “his day” - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying “After the rain on Thursday” began to be applied to everything that is unknown when it will come true.

Each culture of the most diverse nationalities has elements unique to it. Some elements are expressed in the language of a given people. And they convey accumulated experience and knowledge, parting words for subsequent generations, memories of any specific events that were of significant significance for the history of this culture. There are a huge number of such linguistic means of expression. However, we will analyze specific representatives from this mass of folk linguistic means.

Contents [Show]

What are proverbs and sayings

Proverbs and sayings are short sayings about the life and way of life of the people in whose language they were born. They belong to the small form poetic creativity. A proverb is a fairly laconic phrase with a rhythmic sound. Its meaning is to teach future generations. It carries within itself an experience that has been passed through many times, passed on from older generations to younger ones in the form of a kind of conclusion. The saying is no different either a large number words Represents a speech pattern with an underlying meaning. Often this meaning is humorous. The main difference between a proverb and a saying is that the first is a sentence with a deep meaning, and the second is a phrase or a combination of several words.

The history of the appearance of these speech genres

Not a single person can tell you the exact date of birth of the first proverbs and sayings. With the advent of language as a means of communication and transfer of experience, people sought to capture and transmit to the future all the phenomena they saw. In ancient times, writing and access to it were imperfect. Just a few centuries ago, many people in Rus' were illiterate. But what about more distant times? The solution was folk oral creativity, memorable phrases and expressions that, in their short presentation, carry a global meaning, and most importantly, are well remembered and pass along the chain from mouth to mouth. This is how the experience and wisdom of many centuries has reached our days.

Using proverbs and sayings in speech

Russian proverbs and sayings and their meaning are firmly entrenched in culture and history. There is not a single person who does not know at least one of them. Being small literary genre, they have deep meaning. Without losing their relevance in completely different time periods of history, they are still used in oral speech, in funds mass media, completely different printed publications and books. This entire area of ​​use speaks of the importance of the information conveyed by the proverbs of the Russian people and their meaning. Cultural value and folk wisdom simply will not allow them to be forgotten and disappear.

The purpose of proverbs and sayings

As already mentioned, the most important thing in these means of linguistic expressiveness is the description of surrounding phenomena. Thus, our ancestors described the world around us and passed it on to subsequent generations. Russian proverbs and sayings and their meaning are, first of all, history. They reflect the everyday life and everyday problems of society occurring at the moment when they were born. These phrases and phrases received an emotional connotation, the frequency of origin of this phenomenon and the cause-and-effect relationship were noted, and a solution to the problem that arose was laid down. It was in this composition that Russian proverbs and their meaning passed further through the pages of history and were firmly imprinted in the culture of the people. That is, we can conclude that the original purpose was to describe the phenomenon for posterity and resolve issues related to it.

The place of proverbs in modern life

Russian proverbs and their meaning are firmly entrenched in the culture of our people. They are an integral part everyday life, everyday conversations, literature. Most proverbs do not lose their relevance; they reflect the essence of things, not limited by the time frame of existence. Their meaning remains as significant as it was centuries ago. Types human character and the laws of the universe change little over generations. Russian proverbs and their meaning have not changed their place in the life of society. Their task is still to teach and warn.

Recent generations have moved away greatly from literature; many Russians folk proverbs and their meaning is unknown to modern children. For them it is a meaningless set of words. However, on life path they will have to face these statements more than once. And even without reading literary classics, they will eventually recognize this part of folk culture.

Famous Russian proverbs and sayings, their meaning

Let's give some examples of proverbs. Wonderful a prominent representative Their society has a proverb: “An old friend is better than two new ones.” How many times in our lives have each of us encountered this statement? And we all know why that is. An old friend has been tested over the years, he will not betray, he has become something like family, there is so much in common between old friends, so many memories! Can new friends offer something like that?

The city takes courage. This proverb talks about the importance of making decisions and implementing them. Often, to fulfill a desire, there is not enough willpower to take risks. Courage in starting a business is already half the success. Fear has always been, is and will be. It is absolutely natural for a living person, but you need to be able to overcome it. Then many things will seem less complicated and impossible to implement than initially.

The first step is difficult. The meaning is similar to the previous one. In order to do something, you first need to start working. And then things will move forward much easier.

Measure seven times, cut once. This emphasizes the need for careful planning and anticipation of possible outcomes. For all actions you have to pay and sacrifice something. It is necessary to clearly understand whether it is worth it or not. Otherwise, it will be excruciatingly painful or even embarrassing for causeless impetuosity.

Sources of proverbs and sayings

The original source, of course, was oral speech. Phrases were passed down from person to person, from generation to generation. Afterwards they began to appear in popular literary creativity: in fables, fairy tales, legends and so on. Proverbs and their meanings in Russian fairy tales were supposed to admonish and teach the wisdom of life to children, for whom these fairy tales were intended. Nowadays, proverbs are also found in oral speech, in literature, and in printed publications. Vast collections of books have appeared, and the Internet is also rich in proverbs and explanations of their meaning. Culture cannot throw away such a huge part of itself into nowhere.

The meaning of proverbs and sayings

In order to be civilized people, you must first of all remember your history, the wisdom of your predecessors, and be familiar with the art and culture of the people to which you belong. The memory of the past provides a huge perspective for development. Many situations have already been passed and are precedents. This means that history has already recorded multiple options for their solution. So are Russian proverbs and their meaning. When used skillfully, they will help to avoid many mistakes and unpleasant consequences in the lives of individuals and on a global scale of society.

Very often we pronounce phrases addressed to friends, colleagues, strangers, etc. meaning that we do not understand or interpret incorrectly... We suggest that you check your understanding of them with the true meaning.

1. FIRST PANCAKE...

Misinterpretation: When we fail to do something the first time, we say: “The first damn thing.” That is, it didn’t work out, it didn’t work out, it was crumpled.
But the origin of the proverb is actually quite different. Yes, and it sounds a little different - “first damn comAm.” And there is no spelling error here. It’s just that the meaning here is completely different - first damn... to the bears.
Why do bears get the first pancake? Many peoples, including the Slavs, had a custom of giving the first pancakes to comas (in ancient Slavic comas - bears). After all, the ancient Slavs revered the Komoeditsa holiday, dedicated to the awakening of bears, whom they considered the ancestors of people. The first pancakes that the hostess baked were brought to the den by bears who were waking up from hibernation and were as hungry as wolves.
Original source: “The first pancake is for the comatose, the second pancake is for acquaintances, the third pancake is for distant relatives, and the fourth pancake is for me.”

2. OGI IS NOT VISIBLE

“Even if you gouge out your eyes,” “pitch darkness,” “Egyptian darkness,” and “you can’t see anything”—this is how we can figuratively talk about thick, impenetrable darkness. But what is “zga” that is never visible? Not many people know this. By the way, even linguists are still arguing about the origin of this word. Some believe that “zga” is the name of the metal ring on the horse’s arch, and that when they said “no zga is visible,” the Russian people wanted to say: it’s so dark that even this ring is not visible.
Others argue, and more convincingly, that “zga” is nothing more than the word “stga”, which has undergone a number of changes, that is, a road, a path. In some dialects, the word “stitch” is still used in the meaning of “road”, from which, in particular, the diminutive “stitch” is formed. Remember, there is even a song that begins like this: “The stitches and paths are overgrown...”
So it turns out that the expression “you can’t see anything” means: “it’s so dark that you can’t see the path or path.” And then the meaning of such a proverb, for example, which supporters of the “ring on the horse’s arch” could not explain, becomes clear: “The blind leads the blind, but both do not see.”
In the picture: 1 - Bit; 2 - Bridle; 3 - Arc; 4 - Rein with a lanyard; 5 - Zga; 6 - Saddle; 7 - Interlace; 8 - Harness: a) longitudinal belt, b) transverse belts, c) slope belt, d) rim belt, e) lobe; 9 - Shaft: a) comb, b) strand; 10 - Subabdomen; 11 - Girth; 12 - Guzh; 13 - Clamp; 14 - Supon; 15 – Reins

3. WORK IS NOT A WOLF...

In fact, the meaning of the saying is not at all to put things off. On the contrary, in the old days, when a wolf came running into a village, the peasants hid and waited for the wolf to get tired and run away into the forest. But work won’t go anywhere. Therefore, there is no need to wait - we need to start working.

4. WORK MAKES HORSES DYING

Misinterpretation: “Working is harmful, so work less.”
Full version The saying goes like this: “Work makes horses die, but people grow stronger.” The wise people wanted to say with these words that work is harmful only for unreasonable animals who do not understand the joy of work. For a person, work is not only useful, but also necessary for a healthy and happy life.

5. MY HOME IS ON THE EDGE...

Previously, villages were located in a long line of houses along the road. And the people who lived on the edge had a special responsibility - to be the first to meet any danger and, if necessary, to repel any danger. Therefore, by declaring “my hut is on the edge,” the peasant was actually saying: “I am ready to protect the peace of my village with my life.”

6. KEEP YOUR SHIRT CLOSER TO YOUR BODY

Incorrect interpretation: “My interests are dearer to me.”
Let's remember, when were these words spoken? Of course, at the funeral of a comrade who fell in battle. When the soldiers took their shirts off their bodies and threw them into the grave - closer to the body of the deceased. In this way they showed how dear he was to them.

7. YOU BREW PORridge FOR YOU AND LEAVE IT

Misinterpretation: “Your problems don’t bother me.”
Let's remember when these words were spoken? When a peasant came to visit a neighbor, he was treated to porridge. In such cases, the polite peasant refused the porridge - they say, you need food more. “You made the mess, it’s up to you to sort it out.”

8. NOT YOURS - NOT SORRY

9. FISH LOOKS WHERE DEEPER, AND MAN LOOKS WHERE BETTER

Misinterpretation: “Everyone is looking only for their own benefit.”
This stupid fish is looking for something deeper. Human, reasonable person, is looking for where he can better serve his country.

10. RIP LIKE SIDOROV’S GOAT
This spicy story dates back to the 12th century. Boyar Sidor Kovyla-Vislov, a personal friend of Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich, was distinguished by an extravagant habit: “tearing” goats. That is, in medical terms, to copulate with goats.

WHILE THE WINNER FLYS FROM THE OVEN, SEVENTY-SEVEN MINDS WILL CHANGE HIS MIND. About women's ability to foresee everything, think about everything and quickly choose the right one from several decisions.

GRANDMOTHER SAID AGAIN (wondered). 1. It is unknown whether what is expected or desired will come true. 2. It is unknown whether what is being said is true.

WITHOUT NAME SHEEP RAM. That which has no name is difficult to distinguish.

WITHOUT SALT THE TABLE IS CURVE. It is said when salt is not served at the table.

HARD WORDS BREAK NO BONES. Curses, offensive, insulting words are forgotten, they can be tolerated.

PAPER WILL STAND EVERYTHING. You can write anything you want.

A BIRD WILL NOT BE BORN WITH ONE FEATHER. Not all people are the same in their qualities.

VARVARA IS MY AUNT, AND REALLY MY SISTER. The truth is more expensive than anything.

IN SPRING THE DAYS ARE LONG, AND THE THREAD IS SHORT. Outdated I don't want to work in the spring.

THERE IS NOTHING LIKE LEATHER. Everyone praises what is close and dear to him.

THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE IS THE VOICE OF GOD. Outdated The opinion expressed by the people is undeniable and must be taken into account.

THE MOUNTAIN GAVE BIRTH TO A MOUSE. Huge efforts yielded insignificant results.

THE THUNDER WILL NOT CLASH, THE MAN WILL NOT CROSS himself. A careless person will not do what is necessary in advance, before circumstances force him to do so.

THINGS ARE GOING ON, THE OFFICE IS WRITING. Jokingly about hectic activity, unrelenting activity, etc.

GOOD FAME LIES, BUT BAD FAME RUNS. Notoriety spreads quickly, and the good things about a person may remain unknown.

FRIENDLY IS NOT BAD, BUT SEPARATE IS AT LEAST GIVE UP. It is not difficult to work together and in concert, but it is difficult to work separately.

I DON'T CARE ABOUT THE TASTE, BUT IT WILL BE HOT AND WET. It is said jokingly when someone is cooking or offering to eat something hot.

THERE IS NO MONEY FOR ASKING. Asking about anything does not oblige you to anything.

A CROW FLY INTO THE HIGH (BOYARS') MANSION. Outdated It is said to him or about him who has found himself in something alien to him, more high society, Wednesday.

THE CAT KNOWS WHOSE MEAT IT EATS. She understands that she is to blame.

KNOW THE EDGE, DON'T FALL. Know your limits, do not cross the boundaries of what is permitted.

GOLD SHINES IN DIRT. One with great dignity is always noticeable.

AS IS THE POP, SO IS THE PARISH. As is the boss, so are the subordinates.

WHO IS NOT A SINNER WITH GOD IS NOT GUILTY FOR THE KING? Outdated All people are sinners, not all are without sin.

WHO TOOK THE STICK IS THE CORPORARL. Outdated Whoever has the strength has the power, and he gives the orders.

WHO DARES EATS TWO. About an enterprising, dexterous, cunning person who knows how to get settled.

THE STAIRWAY SHOULD BE PLACED FROM THE TOP, NOT FROM THE BOTTOM. Order in anything needs to be brought from above.

THE TROUBLE HAS BEEN BEGIN. Starting any business is difficult, but continuing will be easier.

A SMALL FISH IS BETTER THAN A BIG COCKROACH. Better a little useful than a lot, but unnecessary, useless.

SMALL DOG ​​TO OLD AGE PUPPY. A short person always seems younger than his age.

THEY DO NOT CARRY DEAD FROM THE GRAVEYARD. You can't bring back the past.

MOSCOW BURNED FROM A PENNY CANDLE. And insignificant reasons can cause major events.

FOR THE MASTER'S SIN THERE IS NO. Trouble, trouble, misfortune can happen to anyone; anyone can commit a crime.

THEY CARRY WATER ON THE ANGRY. The angry one gets more.

THAT'S WHY THE PIKE IS IN THE SEA, SO THE CRUCCIAN WON'T SLEEP. Dangers force us to be on our guard.

THERE IS NO DRIPPING OVER US. There's no need to rush.

STARTED FOR HEALTH, AND FINISHED (reduced) FOR REST. About the discrepancy between a good beginning and a bad end (in words, actions, etc.).

THERE WAS NOT A PENNY, AND SUDDENLY ALTYN. It is said when unexpected good luck or joy after bad luck occurs.

NOT ANYONE - DON'T LISTEN, AND DON'T INTERFERE WITH LYING. He speaks to someone, interrupts the speaker, expressing distrust and disagreement with him.

NEED JUMPS, NEED DANCES (cries), NEED SINGS SONGS. Outdated Poverty forces you to do things you wouldn’t want to do.

BURNED ON MILK, BLOWING ON WATER. Anyone who has suffered failure or trouble becomes overly cautious.

ONE HEAD IS NOT A TROUBLE, BUT A TROUBLE IS ONE. It is easier for a lonely person, not burdened with worries about his family, to endure any difficulties and deprivations.

YOU CAN'T TIE A KNOT WITH ONE HAND. You can't handle anything alone.

THE HUNT IS DEADLY, AND THE FATE IS BITTER. ABOUT strong desire if it is impossible to implement it.

ERROR IS NOT PUT INTO FALSE. The error is not considered intentional deception.

FOOLS LIKE WORK. It is said jokingly or with disdain to someone whose diligence is not approved.

CUT THE TREE BY YOURSELF. 1. Choose your equal (when getting married). 2. Take on what is within your strengths and capabilities.

THE FISH ROTS FROM THE HEAD. Disintegration, decomposition in any environment or collective begins primarily from above.

DO NOT DRINK WATER FROM YOUR FACE. Beauty is not important. It is said when choosing an ugly bride or groom.

SEVEN VERSTS TO HEAVEN AND ALL THE FOREST. About a long and incomprehensible speech.

THE SPOKEN WORD IS SILVER, THE UNSPEAKED WORD IS GOLDEN. The word is silver, and silence is gold.

DRIVING CATTLE IS WALKING WITHOUT YOUR MOUTH. If you keep livestock, there is no time to idle.

THE FULL ONE DOES NOT KNOW THE HUNGRY. About someone who does not understand the needs, inconveniences and desires of another.

FEDOT, NOT THAT ONE. About who really is worse than that who he is mistaken for or who he pretends to be.

CHICKENS ARE COUNTABLE IN THE AUTUMN. Anything is judged only by its final results. It is said when one judges the results of something prematurely.

DRINKING TEA IS NOT CUTTING WOOD. Usually said in response to an invitation to drink tea.

AT HOURS WITH KVASS, SOMETIMES WITH WATER. Poor, hand to mouth. Often as an answer to the question: “How are you living?”

Zhukov, V.P. Dictionary of Russian proverbs and sayings. / V. P. Zhukov. – M.: “Modern Encyclopedia”, 1967 - 537 p.

The meaning of proverbs and sayings is best explained with an example. In the series short stories L.N. Tolstoy provides narratives that very accurately convey the meaning of proverbs and sayings. They are listed below. Not many examples are shown; only those proverbs are taken that teach intelligence and are useful in life situations and will suit many. Try to explain the meaning of other proverbs and sayings that are not here, by analogy with the examples given.

Cricket know your nest
The boy took the scythe and decided to mow the grass. He cut off his leg and cried. Baba saw and said:
- It’s not for you to mow. You just have to bring breakfast to Father. Cricket know your nest.

Dog in the manger
The dog was lying under the barn in the hay. The cow wanted some hay, she came under the barn, stuck her head in and just grabbed a piece of hay - the dog growled and rushed at her. The cow walked away and said:
- I wish I could eat it myself, otherwise She doesn’t eat herself, and she doesn’t give it to me.

The cat knows whose meat it ate.
A girl without a mother went into the cellar and drank milk. When her mother arrived, the girl looked down and did not look at her mother. And she said:
- Mother, the cat somehow climbed into the cellar, I kicked it out. She wouldn't eat the milk.
Mother said:
- The cat knows whose meat it ate.

As you look, so you see.
The boy lay on the ground and looked at the tree from the side. He said:
- The tree is crooked.
And the other boy said:
- No, it’s straight, but you look crooked. As you look, so you see.

If you believe in a penny, they won’t believe in a ruble.
The merchant borrowed two hryvnia. He said:
- I'll pay tomorrow.
Tomorrow came, he didn't pay. He wanted to borrow a hundred rubles. They didn't give it to him. If you believe in a penny, they won’t believe in a ruble.

Don't die twice.
The house was on fire. And there was a baby left in the house. No one could enter the house. The soldier came up and said:
- I'll go.
They told him:
- You'll burn!
The soldier said:
- You can't die twice, you can't escape once.
He ran into the house and carried out the baby!

Bread is made with iron.
The boy took the iron hook and threw it. The man said:
-What are you throwing away?
The boy said:
- What do I need iron for, I can’t eat it.
And the man said:
- Bread is made with iron.

The family porridge is boiling thicker.
Once upon a time a boy lived as an apprentice and came home for a holiday. We sat down to porridge. The boy said:
- What a thick porridge you have, the owner doesn’t have such porridge.
And his mother told him:
- The family porridge is boiling thicker.

And the bee flies to the red flower.
The girl and her mother joined the ranks. And they began to choose ribbons. Mother asked:
- Which one do you want?
The daughter said:
- I'm blushing.
And the bee flies to the red flower.

The raven flew overseas, but did not become any smarter.
The master traveled abroad. I came to my place and started planting rye with my hands. The men said:
- The raven flew overseas, but did not become any smarter.

Ours were spinning, and yours were sleeping.
There were two men, Peter and Ivan, they mowed the meadows together. The next morning Peter came with his family and began to clean up his meadow. The day was hot and the grass was dry; By evening there was hay. But Ivan didn’t go to clean, but stayed at home. On the third day, Peter took the hay home, and Ivan was just getting ready to row. By evening it started to rain. Peter had hay, but Ivan had all his grass rotted away. Ours were spinning, and yours were sleeping.

A stupid bird doesn't like its home.
The girl loved to play outside, but when she came home, she was bored. Mother asked:
- Why are you bored?
- It's boring at home.
Mother said:
- A stupid bird doesn't like its home.

They teach the alphabet, they shout at the whole hut.
There lived an old man and an old woman. It was quiet in their hut. They let a school into their house. The guys started screaming so much that the old men's ears hurt. They teach the alphabet, they shout to the whole hut.

A playful sheep is a gain for the wolf.
The sheep walked under the forest; two lambs ran away from the flock. The old sheep said:
- Don’t be naughty, lambs, get into trouble.
And the wolf stood behind a bush and said:
- Do not believe, lambs, the old sheep; she says this because her legs cannot move from old age and she is envious. Why are you bored? Run more.
The lambs listened to the wolf and ran, and the wolf caught them and killed them. Playful sheep - wolf's gain.

The drop is small, but the stone is chiseling.
A man started digging a ditch and dug all summer. I dug three miles. The owner came and said:
- You dug a lot. A small drop, but the stone is chiseling.

Bulat does not cut iron and jelly.
There was one strong, angry dog. She chewed all the dogs except two: she did not chew little puppy and a large wolfhound. Damask steel does not cut iron and jelly.

The wolf is not beaten because it is gray.
The wolf ate the sheep; The hunters caught the wolf and began to beat him. Wolf said:
- It’s in vain that you beat me: it’s not my fault that I’m gray.
And the hunters said:
- They beat a wolf not because he is gray, but because he ate a sheep.

I chased the ax handle and missed the axe.
A man saw a log floating along the river. He began to get it from the shore with an ax. The ax caught on a log and was torn out of his hand. Chased the ax handle, missed the ax.

The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do.
One student asked for a book; they gave it to him. He said:
- It’s unclear!
They gave him another one. He said:
- Boring!

They do not seek good from good.
The hare ran from the dogs and went into the forest. He felt good in the forest, but he had gained a lot of fear and wanted to hide even better. He began to look for a better place, and climbed into the thicket in the ravine - and ran into a wolf. The wolf grabbed him. “It’s true,” thought the hare, “that from there is no need to look for good. I wanted to hide better and disappeared completely.”