Which European people are Russians genetically closer to? The genetic code of Russians: facts that can shock. Secret secret or the “Russianness” gene

The Pentagon recognized experiments with biomaterials from Russian citizens

The apocalyptic assumption about the possible development of biological weapons by the Americans has received strong confirmation. The Pentagon admitted the fact of collecting biomaterials from Russian citizens.

The 59th Airlift Wing's Molecular Research Center is conducting musculoskeletal studies to identify various biomarkers associated with injury, according to Pentagon spokesman Beau Downey. Samples of Russian origin are required only because the first batch was from Russia, and now an identical one is needed for control.

Let us recall that the US Air Force intends to purchase 12 samples of RNA molecules and 27 samples of synovial (joint) fluid from Russians. An announcement about this was posted on the US government procurement portal. At the same time, the contract emphasizes that among all residents of Russia, the customer is only interested in Europeans, and people from, for example, Ukraine will not be considered.

The issue of collecting biomaterials from Russians began to be discussed in society after Vladimir Putin made a public statement about this. According to him, biomaterials are collected “from different ethnic groups and people living in different geographical locations Russian Federation" “The question is - why are they doing this?” - the president asked rhetorically at a meeting with human rights activists.

Later, Dmitry Peskov explained that they were talking about information received through the intelligence services.

Putin's words caused caustic ridicule from some Russian society. “The ancient Incas were also afraid of such dirty tricks, so the supreme ruler even had special maids, whose task was to eat hair, spit, nail clippings and other biomaterial remaining from the Great, in order to avoid garbage falling into the wrong hands,” the media quotes teacher Andrei Nikulina.

Nevertheless, the country is preparing at the legislative level to counter the new threat. It is expected that in December a law on the protection of biomaterials will be introduced to the State Duma. “Today we have many laboratories that conduct clinical research, these are foreign laboratories, for example, Invitro. We allowed them to access the most secret things,” Gennady Onishchenko, first deputy head of the Russian State Duma Committee on Education and Science, explained the problem.

Invitro denied its involvement in the export of biomaterials. In turn, the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences "SP" reported that this institution is involved in the collection of biomaterials. “The scientific director of our institute, Academician Nikolai Yankovsky, has just organized and headed the program for collecting biomaterials,” said Ilya Zakharov-Gesehus, an employee of the institute. It was not possible to promptly contact Yankovsky “SP” himself.

Senior researcher at the laboratory of genetics at the Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alexei Kulikov, is inclined to justify his American colleagues.

We need to understand what the Americans did. They looked at how genes work in patients with damaged musculoskeletal systems and looked at the composition of synovial fluid. They initially purchased biomaterials somewhere in Eastern Europe from sick representatives of the Slavic nation, and therefore they also need control samples of people in whom everything is normal with the musculoskeletal system from representatives of the Slavic nation: Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, etc.

“SP”: - Well, how?! The tender explicitly states that biomaterials from Ukraine will not be considered. They need Russians...

All the same, this is not connected with any intentions there. Genetic weapons are all nonsense. This is unrealistic, since people in the world are too polymorphic - very diverse. It is difficult to come up with something that would work on some people and not others. I think this is simply about the experimental conditions. Eat scientific experience and there is control. Control materials must be from the same region.

“SP”: - Everything is so, if these “scientific research” were not carried out by the military, the Pentagon...

Scientific research can also be carried out by the military. We also have specific medical tasks that are solved by representatives of law enforcement agencies. Perhaps we are talking about low mobility among pilots. They should for a long time sit. Therefore, it is fundamentally important that there are no problems with the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, Americans are interested in these diseases and which specific genes are responsible for them.

In turn, the head of the laboratory of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergei Kiselev, believes that creating genetic weapons is too risky and it is easier to kill people using traditional methods.

Biomaterials from Russia were and are being transferred. At least, as Onishchenko said, within the framework of clinical trials. Because over the past 25 years, dozens of foreign companies have been conducting clinical trials of drugs in Russia. Biomaterials are needed to understand how drugs work.

Of course, any such sample can be used both for the above purposes and for some others. Because he still remains a national biological specimen. The main thing is how the information obtained using the sample will be subsequently used. Genetic information can be used for a variety of purposes, including for personal gain.

“SP”: - Which ones?

Today's technologies make it possible to determine the genome of each person in detail. That is, by taking a DNA sample from a spoon in the cafeteria of the CIA building, you can determine whether the intelligence officer really comes from the state of Minnesota, as he wrote when applying for a job, or whether he is from Eastern Siberia. That is, you can very accurately tie a person to a place.

But for this you need to first create genetic map territories. I think that the interested intelligence services of many countries around the world have been making such maps of territories for a long time. To be able to identify people in different circumstances.

For example, people in dangerous professions. If one of them is torn to pieces, then, using a genetic map, it is possible to establish who he is, where he came from and give him his due. That is, within the country. But if this information falls into third hands, it can be used to their advantage.

“SP”: - In this case, we are interested in the likelihood of creating genetic, ethnic weapons...

In my opinion, creating such weapons is pointless. Firstly, in order to kill a person, you need to influence vital functions such as breathing, blood circulation, etc. There are few of them, and they are the same for all people. It is hardly possible to find an ethnically important vital function.

And secondly, who are the Americans? They don’t have a titular nation. Everyone mixed there, including Russians, Chinese, Anglo-Saxons. Therefore, if you create a weapon against the Russians, some Americans will fall under its action, since they are either Russians or their descendants.

Therefore, than in to a greater extent As people spread across the planet and genomes move, the less likely it is that it will be possible to create genetic weapons. It's not profitable. It’s easier, cheaper and more effective to “soak” in another way.

“SP”: - Nevertheless, the Pentagon is conducting such research, and today its representative directly admitted this...

I looked at the terms of the tender. This Air Force base requested RNA samples. But RNA is subgenetic material. It is an intermediary between the human genome and the functional state of the cell. RNA reflects the specialization of each individual cell at one time or another. That is, the genome - the DNA in every cell of the body is always the same. And the RNA in every cell is different because it is a portrait of how the genome works at any given moment. Therefore, an RNA sample taken from a big toe will be different from RNA from any other organ. The Americans did not indicate where exactly they needed the RNA.

The second thing they asked for was synovial fluid from the joint capsule. Moreover, in the terms of the tender it was stipulated that the liquid could be taken from another donor, not from the one from whom the RNA was collected. That is, Americans do not need any connection between RNA and synovial fluid. It looks like they were taking samples for different studies that were not related to each other.

“SP”: - However, this did not increase clarity...

Maybe they laundered money there that way. Or students learned to write tender applications.

But former member of the UN Commission on Biological Weapons Igor Nikulin has no doubt about the Pentagon’s aggressive plans.

Of course, this is an attempt by the Americans to conduct research for military purposes. The Pentagon is not a charitable or humanitarian organization designed to benefit humanity. Quite the contrary. It is possible to use viruses that will act selectively.

Such viruses still exist today. For example, Ebola, Lassa, Marburg. The hemorrhagic fevers they cause affect mainly the Negroid race, bird flu - the Mongoloid race, and atypical pneumonia - the Indo-Europeans.

“SP”: - For some reason, in the conditions of the competition, an exception is made for Ukraine...

In Ukraine, the American program was carried out 5-7 years ago. And now they have only epidemics. Now measles, now rubella, now tuberculosis, now tetanus, now cholera, etc. And then the Americans offer them vaccines against this. Very convenient.

Over the past ten years, the United States has spent tens of billions of dollars and created more than four hundred laboratories around the world in which new types of biological weapons and vaccines for them are being developed. About forty laboratories are located in countries former USSR. These are Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. This is controlled chaos.

“SP”: - But our Russian geneticists are skeptical about the likely development of weapons aimed at one or another ethnic group...

What else can they do? Many of them are on grants. If I were on a grant, I would also remain silent. But since the Americans will not offer me any grants, I can speak freely on these topics.

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Scientists have recently come close to deciphering the human genetic code. This in many ways allowed us to take a fresh look at the history of the Russian ethnic group, which turned out to be more ancient and not as homogeneous than previously thought.

In the depths of centuries

The human genome is a changeable thing. During the evolution of humanity, its haplogroups have undergone mutations more than once. Today, scientists have already learned to determine the approximate time when a particular mutation occurred. So, American geneticists found that one of these mutations occurred about 4,500 years ago on the Central Russian Plain. A boy was born with a different set of nucleotides from his father - he was assigned the genetic classification R1a1, which arose instead of his father's R1a.

This mutation, unlike many others, turned out to be viable. The R1a1 genus not only survived, but also spread over a large part of the Eurasian continent. Currently, approximately 70% of the male population of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine are carriers of haplogroup R1a1, and in old Russian cities this number reaches 80%. Thus, R1a1 serves as a kind of marker of the Russian ethnic group. It turns out that in the veins of most men modern Russia the blood of an ancient boy who lived in the late Neolithic era flows.

Approximately 500 years after the birth of haplogroup R1a1, migration flows of its representatives spread to the east – beyond the Urals, to the south – to Hindustan and to the west – to the territory of modern European countries. Archaeologists also confirm that the inhabitants of the Central Russian Plain went far beyond the boundaries of their ancestral range. Analysis of bone remains of burials in Altai of the 1st millennium BC. e. showed that in addition to the Mongoloids, pronounced Caucasians also lived there.

There is no Tatar

One of the issues of the popular science publication The American Journal of Human Genetics published an article about research by a Russian-Estonian team of scientists into the gene pool of the Russian people. The researchers' findings were quite unexpected. First: the Russian ethnos is heterogeneous in its genetic nature. One part of the Russians, living in the central and southern regions of the country, is close to the neighboring Slavic peoples, the other part - in the north of Russia - is genetically closely related to the Finno-Ugric peoples.

The next conclusion is more interesting. Scientists have never been able to detect the notorious Asian element in the Russian genome. The Tatar-Mongol set of genes is not present in any noticeable quantity in any of the Russian populations. It turns out that stable expression“Scratch a Russian and you will find a Tatar” is wrong.

The head of the laboratory of genomic geography at the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Oleg Balanovsky, considers the Russian gene pool to be “almost entirely European,” and calls its differences from the Central Asian “really great,” as if they were two different worlds.

Academician Konstantin Scriabin, head of the genomic direction at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, agrees with Balanovsky. He says the following: “We did not find any noticeable Tatar additions in the Russian genome, which refutes theories about the destructive influence of the Mongol yoke.” In addition, Siberians, according to the scientist, are genetically identical to the Old Believers - they have the same “Russian genome.”

Researchers also pay attention to the slight difference in genotype between Russians on one side and neighboring Slavic peoples– Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles – on the other. The difference between the southern and western Slavs and the inhabitants of the Russian north is more pronounced.

Special markers

According to anthropologist Vasily Deryabin, the Russian genotype also has its own clear physiological markers. One of them is the predominance of light shades of eyes among Russians: gray, blue, gray-blue, blue. We have 45 percent of them, in Western Europe less - about 35 percent. There are many Russians and fair-haired people. According to anthropologists, there are no more than 5 percent of Russians with natural black hair. In Western Europe, the chance of meeting a black-haired person is 45%.

Contrary to popular belief, there are not many snub noses among Russians - about 7%, in about 75% of cases the nose is straight. Also, epicanthus is not found among Russians - a fold typical for representatives of Mongoloid peoples. internal corner eyes.

The Russian ethnic group is characterized by a predominance of blood groups I and II; among Jews, for example, group IV is more common. Biochemical studies have also shown that in the blood of Russians, as well as other European peoples, there is a special RN-c gene, but it is absent in the Mongoloids.

Northerners are closer

Research Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Anthropology named after. D.N. Anuchin of Moscow State University conducted an in-depth study of the gene pool of the Russian people, during which they established a difference in the genotype between the Russians and our northern neighbors the Finns - it amounted to thirty conventional units. But the genetic differences between the Russian ethnic group and the Finno-Ugric peoples (Mordovians, Mari, Vepsians, Karelians, Komi-Zyrians, Izhorians), who traditionally lived in the north of our country, correspond to only three units.

Scientists talk not just about the genetic unity of Russians with the Finno-Ugrians, but about their common origin. Moreover, the specific structure of the Y-chromosomes of these ethnic groups is in many ways identical to the peoples of Hindustan. But this is not surprising, given the direction of settlement of the genetic ancestors of the Russian people.

Before the advent of scientific methods for studying human racial variability, the degree of proximity of peoples to each other was judged “by ear” and “by eye.” The similarity of languages ​​and appearance (usual height, hair and eye color, nose shape, etc.) could indicate a common origin of peoples, but not always.

And about distant degrees of kinship, for example, of all Indo-European peoples, science only figured out at the beginning XIX century, with the creation of scientific linguistics. Moreover, again, the language could be acquired by one or another people, in the process, for example, of migrations.
Physical anthropology, especially such a branch as craniology, which studied the morphological variability of skulls, arose in the second half of the 19th century and made the first breakthrough in the study family ties peoples Craniology proceeds from the fact that a complex of relationships between several dimensions of cranial indicators is hereditarily determined and indicates the closeness or distance between human populations.

What anthropologists have discovered

For more than a century, from the 1860s to the 1980s, anthropology reigned supreme in identifying the relationships between human populations and their earliest migrations. Science has achieved good results along this path.
In 1939, just before World War II, the English anthropologist Stephen Kuhn published the work “The Races of Europe” (completely published in Russian only in 2010, when most of the material was outdated). He attempted to systematize and classify anthropological types based on the materials of numerous studies - his own and his predecessors - throughout Europe, as well as North Africa and Western Asia. He managed to cover a huge amount of factual material.

In particular, Stephen Kuhn came to the conclusion that the integral anthropological indicators of Russians, Belarusians and Poles are closest to each other. At the same time, for each of these peoples they are more different from any other neighboring peoples, including the Ukrainians. Here we are talking about averages. Of course, in every nation there is a wide range of individual variants, and within the limits of variability, almost all anthropological types of peoples overlap each other. Nevertheless, each nation reveals a general anthropological type into which most of its representatives fit.

The conclusion made by Kuhn was partly confirmed by the outstanding Russian anthropologist V.P. Alekseev in his fundamental study “The Origin of the Peoples of Eastern Europe” (1969). Having noted the influence of the Finnish ethnic substrate on the appearance of the northern Russians, and the Lithuanian-Latvian (Baltic) on the Belarusians, he, however, noted two new facts. First, the influence of this substrate in medieval Russian populations can be traced much more strongly than in modern ones. The second one is worth quoting:
“Modern East Slavic peoples (especially Russians) are more closely related to the West Slavic medieval population than to the East Slavic one.”

What did gene comparison give?

Until the end of the twentieth century, a certain contribution to identifying the origin and family ties of peoples was made by the study of the prevalence of blood groups and the Rh factor, dermatoglyphics (the study of the pattern at the ends of the fingers), and statistical studies of eye and hair color. However, a real breakthrough began only with the advent of the ability to compare Y-chromosome and mtDNA types in the 1980s.
In relation to Russians, these studies revealed the following. The Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1a is most widespread among Russians. On average, 47% of Russians belong to it. Its frequency naturally decreases from south to north: from 55% among southern Russians to 34% among northern ones. Among other Slavic peoples, the highest prevalence of haplogroup R1a is among Poles - 56%, followed by Ukrainians - 54%, Belarusians - 50%, Slovaks - 47%, Czechs - 38%, Slovenes - 37%, and all others are noticeably lower. Among non-Slavic peoples, the highest frequency of haplogroup R1a is among Latvians (39%) and Lithuanians (34%). It can be conditionally called the “Slavic” Y chromosome.

Male haplogroup R1b, widespread in Central Europe, occurs in 7% of Russians. Haplogroup N1c is more common - 20%, reaching up to 35% among northern Russians. In eastern Finland, 71% are carriers of this Y chromosome. There are many of them among Latvians (44%) and Lithuanians (42%). It is obvious that the carriers of haplogroup N1c on the Russian Plain were of Finnish origin.
Another widespread haplogroup among Russians is I2 (12%). Its carriers are most numerous among Croats - 39%, and its occurrence decreases along the Russian Plain from south to north. It most likely spread from the Balkans.
Data on mt-DNA highlight one widespread cluster H, to which up to half of Russians belong to various clades (mainly H7 and H1). Haplogroup H is also widespread throughout Europe. In general, according to mt-DNA, as researchers now classify, Russians are included in the so-called “Slavic cluster” of the pan-European population. It includes all the peoples of the Slavic group, as well as, surprisingly, Hungarians and Estonians.

So who are we closer to?

If, according to “female” haplogroups, Russians show both greater homogeneity and kinship with all Slavs, then “male” haplogroups show different ways of forming the Russian nationality. Predominant kinship is found among Russians in general with Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians. But in different regions the degrees of this relationship vary. Thus, southern Russians are especially close to both Ukrainians and Poles. But the northern Russians are as close to them as they are to the Finns.
The results obtained from the study of haplogroups were generally confirmed when identifying elements of different geographical origins in the integral genotype of peoples according to the MDLP World-22 project. Their ratio among Russians is almost identical to that among Poles, followed by Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Lithuanians in terms of degree of remoteness. However, again, there are noticeable differences across regions. Thus, the picture of the relationship of genetic components according to their geographical origin among the South Russian Cossacks almost exactly repeats that of the Ukrainians.

In general, generalizing and simplifying a little, we can say that Ukrainians and Poles are closest to the Russians of the South of Russia, and Belarusians and Poles are closest to the Russians of the Center and North of the European part of Russia. At the same time, northern Russians have another line of genetic kinship that brings them closer to the Finns, but not to the same extent as with the aforementioned Slavic peoples. At the same time, of course, different regional groups of Russians are closer to each other than to any other nationality. Of course, we are talking about averages, since the diversity of genotypes among any modern nation is very large.

IN lately The “Russian theme” has become very relevant, actively used in the political sphere. The press and television are full of speeches on this topic, usually muddy and contradictory. Some say that the Russian people do not exist at all, who consider only Orthodox Christians to be Russians, who include in this concept everyone who speaks Russian, etc. Meanwhile, science has already given a completely definite answer to this question.
The scientific data below is a terrible secret. Formally, this data is not classified, since it was obtained by American scientists outside the sphere of defense research, and was even published in some places, but the conspiracy of silence organized around it is unprecedented. The atomic project at its initial stage cannot even be compared, then some things still leaked into the press, and in this case, nothing at all. What is this terrible secret, the mention of which is a worldwide taboo? This is the secret of the origin and historical path of the Russian people.
Why information is hidden, more on that later. First, briefly about the essence of the discovery of American geneticists. There are 46 chromosomes in human DNA, half of which are inherited from the father and half from the mother. Of the 23 chromosomes received from the father, only one - the male Y chromosome - contains a set of nucleotides that is passed on from generation to generation without any changes for thousands of years. Geneticists call this set a haplogroup. Every man alive today has in his DNA exactly the same haplogroup as his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather, and so on for many generations.
The haplogroup, due to its hereditary immutability, is the same for all people of the same biological origin, that is, for men of the same nation. Each biologically distinctive people has its own haplogroup, different from similar sets of nucleotides in other peoples, which is its genetic marker, a kind of ethnic mark. In the biblical system of concepts, one can imagine the matter in such a way that the Lord God, when He divided humanity into different peoples, each marked with a unique set of nucleotides in the Y chromosome of DNA. (Women also have such marks, only in a different coordinate system - in the mitochondrial DNA rings).
Of course, there is nothing absolutely unchangeable in nature, for movement is a form of existence of matter. Haplogroups also change - in biology such changes are called mutations - but very rarely, at intervals of millennia, and geneticists have learned to very accurately determine their time and place. Thus, American scientists found that one such mutation occurred four and a half thousand years ago on the Central Russian plain. A boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which they assigned the genetic classification R1a1. The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 emerged.

The mutation turned out to be very viable. The R1a1 genus, which was started by this same boy, survived, unlike millions of other genera that disappeared when their genealogical lines were cut off, and multiplied over a vast area. Currently, holders of haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%. R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is “Russianness” from a genetic point of view.
Thus, the Russian people in a genetically modern form were born in the European part of present-day Russia about 4,500 years ago. A boy with the R1a1 mutation became the direct ancestor of all men now living on earth whose DNA contains this haplogroup. All of them are his biological or, as they used to say, blood descendants and blood relatives among themselves, together making up united people- Russian.
Biology is an exact science. It does not allow for double interpretation, and genetic conclusions to establish kinship are accepted even by the court. Therefore, genetic and statistical analysis of population structure, based on the determination of haplogroups in DNA, allows us to trace the historical paths of peoples much more reliably than ethnography, archeology, linguistics and other scientific disciplines dealing with these issues.
Indeed, the haplogroup in the Y-chromosome DNA, unlike language, culture, religion and other creations of human hands, is not modified or assimilated. She's either one or the other. And if a statistically significant number of indigenous inhabitants of a certain territory have a certain haplogroup, we can say with one hundred percent certainty that these people descend from the original carriers of this haplogroup, who were once present in this territory.
From an investigative point of view, the inscription on the clay pot “Vasya was here” is, of course, evidence pointing to Vasya’s presence on this place, but only indirectly - someone could joke and sign Vasya’s name, the pot could be brought from another area, etc. But if local men have Vasya’s haplogroup in their DNA, then this is direct and irrefutable evidence that Vasya or his blood relatives in the male line really visited here and left a legacy - the hereditary biological sign is not washed away. That's why genetic history is the main one, and everything else can only complement or clarify it, but not refute it in any way.
Realizing this, American geneticists, with the enthusiasm for questions of origin inherent in all emigrants, began to wander around the world, take tests from people and look for biological “roots”, their own and others. What they accomplished is of great interest to us, since it sheds true light on the historical paths of our Russian people and destroys many established myths.
So, having emerged 4500 years ago on the Central Russian Plain (the place of maximum concentration of R1a1 is an ethnic focus), the Russian people quickly multiplied and began to expand their habitat. 4000 years ago, our ancestors went to the Urals and created Arkaim and a “civilization of cities” there with many copper mines and international connections all the way to Crete (chemical analysis of some of the products found there shows that the copper is Ural). They looked then exactly the same as we do now; the ancient Rus did not have any Mongoloid or other non-Russian features. Scientists have recreated the appearance of a young woman from the “civilization of cities” from bone remains - the result is a typical Russian beauty, millions of the same live in our time in the Russian outback.
Another 500 years later, three and a half thousand years ago, haplogroup R1a1 appeared in India. The history of the Russians’ arrival in India is better known than other vicissitudes of the territorial expansion of our ancestors thanks to ancient Indian epic, in which his circumstances are described in sufficient detail. But there is other evidence of this epic, including archaeological and linguistic.
It is known that the ancient Rus were called Aryans at that time - this is how they are recorded in Indian texts. It is also known that it was not the local Hindus who gave them this name, but that it was a self-name. Convincing evidence of this has been preserved in hydronymy and toponymy - the Ariyka River, the villages of Upper Ariy and Lower Ariy in the Perm region, in the very heart of the Ural civilization of cities, etc.
It is also known that the appearance on the territory of India of the Russian haplogroup R1a1 three and a half millennia ago (the time of birth of the first Indo-Aryan calculated by geneticists) was accompanied by the death of a developed local civilization, which archaeologists called Harappan based on the site of the first excavations. Before their disappearance, this people, who had populous cities at that time in the Indus and Ganges valleys, began to build defensive fortifications, which they had never done before. However, the fortifications apparently did not help, and the Harappan period of Indian history gave way to the Aryan.
First monument Indian epic, which talks about the appearance of the Aryans, was written down four hundred years later, in the 11th century BC, and in the 3rd century BC, the ancient Indian literary language Sanskrit, surprisingly similar to the modern Russian language, was formed in its completed form.
Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the upper castes there are almost half of them - 47%, which indicates the active participation of the Aryans in the formation of the Indian aristocracy (the second half of the men of the upper castes are represented by local tribes, mainly Dravidian).
Unfortunately, information on the ethnogenetics of the Iranian population is not yet available, but the scientific community is unanimous in its opinion about the Aryan (that is, Russian) roots of ancient Iranian civilization. The ancient name of Iran is Arian, and the Persian kings loved to emphasize their Aryan origin, as eloquently evidenced, in particular, by the popular name Darius. This means that there were Russians there in ancient times.
Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic home not only to the east, to the Urals, and to the south, to India and Iran, but also to the west, to where European countries are now located. In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, holders of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England the least is 3%.
Unfortunately, there is so far no ethnogenetic information on the European patrimonial aristocracy, and therefore it is impossible to determine whether the share of ethnic Russians is evenly distributed across all social strata of the population or, as in India and, presumably, Iran, the Aryans made up the nobility in the lands where they came . The only reliable evidence in favor latest version was a by-product of a genetic examination to establish the authenticity of the remains of the family of Nicholas II. The Y chromosomes of the king and heir Alexei turned out to be identical to samples taken from their relatives from the English royal family. This means that at least one royal house of Europe, namely the house of the German Hohenzollerns, of which the English Windsors are a branch, has Aryan roots.
However, Western Europeans (haplogroup R1b) are in any case our closest relatives, oddly enough, much closer than the Northern Slavs (haplogroup N) and the Southern Slavs (haplogroup I1b). Our common ancestor with Western Europeans lived about 13 thousand years ago, at the end ice age, thousands five years before gathering began to develop into crop farming, and hunting into cattle breeding. That is, in the very gray Stone Age antiquity. And the Slavs are even further from us in blood.
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further to the north, and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became a biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group, Indo-European. These are almost all European languages, some languages ​​of modern Iran and India and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for the obvious reason - in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian language) they stand next to the original source, the Aryan proto-language , from which all other Indo-European languages ​​grew.
The above are irrefutable natural scientific facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Disputing them is the same as disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply kept silent. They are hushed up unanimously and stubbornly, they are hushed up, one might say, completely. And there are reasons for this.
The first such reason is quite trivial and boils down to scientific false solidarity. Too many theories, concepts and scientific reputations will have to be refuted if they are revised in the light of the latest discoveries of ethnogenetics.
For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population. But they are not there! Solid R1a1 and nothing more, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what is commonly thought of it; if the Mongols were present there, it was in statistically insignificant numbers, and who was called “Tatars” is generally unclear. Well, which scientist will refute scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
No one wants to spoil relationships with colleagues and be branded an extremist by destroying established myths. In an academic environment, this happens all the time - if the facts do not correspond to the theory, so much the worse for the facts.
The second reason, incomparably more significant, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought They proceeded from the idea of ​​Russians as barbarians who had recently climbed down from their trees, naturally backward and incapable of creative work. And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the same Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and Europe itself. That Europeans owe a lot to Russians for their prosperous lives, starting with the languages ​​they speak. It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. And so on.
It is no coincidence that behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges. Manifesting itself with iron inevitability due to the fact that it grew on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which remains unchanged for four and a half millennia.
Western politicians and ideologists have a lot to think about in order to make their policy towards Russia more adequate in the light of the historical circumstances discovered by geneticists. But they don’t want to think or change anything, hence the conspiracy of silence around the Russian-Aryan topic.
However, the Lord is with them and with their ostrich politics. What is much more important for us is that ethnogenetics brings something new to the Russian situation itself. In this regard, the main thing lies in the very statement of the existence of the Russian people as a biologically integral and genetically homogeneous entity. The main thesis of the Russophobic propaganda of the Bolsheviks and current liberals is precisely the denial of this fact. The scientific community is dominated by the idea formulated by Lev Gumilyov in his theory of ethnogenesis: “from a mixture of Alans, Ugrians, Slavs and Turks, the Great Russian people developed.” The “national leader” repeats the common saying “scratch a Russian and you will find a Tatar.” And so on.
Why do the enemies of the Russian nation need this? The answer is obvious. If the Russian people as such do not exist, but some kind of amorphous “mixture” exists, then anyone can control this “mixture” - be it Germans, be it African pygmies, or even Martians. The denial of the biological existence of the Russian people is the ideological justification for the dominance of the non-Russian “elite” in Russia, formerly Soviet, now liberal.
But then the Americans with their genetics intervene, and it turns out that there is no “mixture”, that the Russian people have existed unchanged for four and a half thousand years, that Alans and Turks and many others also live in Russia, but these are separate, distinctive peoples and etc. And the question immediately arises, why then are Russia not ruled by Russians for almost a century? Illogical and wrong, Russians should be controlled by Russians.
In a similar way six hundred years ago, the Czech Jan Hus, a professor at the University of Prague, reasoned: “... the Czechs in the Kingdom of Bohemia, by law and by the dictates of nature, should be first in positions, just like the French in France and the Germans in their lands.” This statement of his was considered politically incorrect, intolerant, inciting ethnic hatred, and the professor was burned at the stake.
Now morals have softened, professors are not being burned, but so that people are not tempted to succumb to Hussite logic, in Russia the non-Russian government simply “cancelled” the Russian people - a mixture, they say. And everything would have been fine, but the Americans jumped out from somewhere with their analyzes and ruined the whole thing. There is nothing to cover them up with, all that remains is to hush up the scientific results, which is done to the hoarse sounds of an old and hackneyed Russophobic propaganda record.
The collapse of the myth about the Russian people as an ethnic “mixture” automatically destroys another myth - the myth about the “multinationality” of Russia. Until now, they have tried to present the ethno-demographic structure of our country as a vinaigrette from a Russian “mixture” of who knows what, and many indigenous peoples and newcomer diasporas. With such a structure, all its components are approximately equal in size, so Russia is supposedly “multinational.”
But genetic research give a completely different picture. If you believe the Americans (and there is no reason not to believe them, they are authoritative scientists, their reputation trembles, and they have no reason to lie in such a pro-Russian way), then it turns out that 70% of the entire male population of Russia are purebred Russians. According to the data of the penultimate census (the results of the latter are not yet known), 80% of respondents consider themselves Russian, that is, 10% more are Russified representatives of other nations (it is these 10%, if you “scrub”, that you will find non-Russian roots). And 20% falls on the remaining 170-odd peoples, nationalities and tribes living on the territory of the Russian Federation. In summary, Russia is a mono-ethnic country, albeit multi-ethnic, with an overwhelming demographic majority of natural Russians. This is where Jan Hus' logic comes into play.
Next, about backwardness. The clergy thoroughly contributed to this myth - they say that before the baptism of Rus', people lived in complete savagery. Wow, wild! They mastered half the world, built great civilizations, taught the aborigines their language, and all this long before the birth of Christ... It doesn’t fit, it doesn’t fit at all true story with its church version. There is something primordial, natural in the Russian people that cannot be reduced to religious life.
Of course, between biology and social sphere You can't put an equal sign. There are undoubtedly points of contact between them, but how one passes into the other, how the material becomes ideal, science does not know. In any case, it is obvious that under the same conditions different peoples have different patterns of life activity. In the north-east of Europe, in addition to the Russians, many peoples lived and now live. But none of them created anything even remotely similar to the great Russian civilization. The same applies to other places of civilizational activity of the Russian-Aryans in ancient times. Natural conditions they are different everywhere, and the ethnic environment is different, therefore the civilizations built by our ancestors are not the same, but there is something common to all of them - they are great on the historical scale of values ​​and far exceed the achievements of their neighbors.
The father of dialectics, the ancient Greek Heraclitus, is known as the author of the saying “everything flows, everything changes.” Less known is the continuation of this phrase of his: “except human soul" While a person is alive, his soul remains unchanged (what happens to it in the afterlife, it’s not for us to judge). The same is true for a more complex form of organization of living matter than a person - for a people. The people's soul is unchanged as long as the people's body is alive. The Russian folk body is marked by nature with a special sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that controls this body. This means that as long as there are people on earth with haplogroup R1a1 on the Y chromosome, their people retain their souls unchanged.
The language evolves, culture develops, religious beliefs change, but the Russian soul remains the same as it has been for all four and a half millennia of the existence of the people in its current genetic form. And together, the body and soul, constituting a single biosocial entity under the name “Russian people,” have a natural ability for great achievements on a civilizational scale. The Russian people have demonstrated this many times in the past; this potential remains in the present and will always exist as long as the people live.
It is very important to know this and, through the prism of knowledge, to evaluate current events, words and actions of people, to determine one’s own place in the history of the great biosocial phenomenon called the “Russian nation.” Knowledge of the history of a people obliges a person to try to be at the level of the great achievements of his ancestors, and this is the worst thing for the enemies of the Russian nation. That's why they try to hide this knowledge. And we are trying to make it publicly available.
Alexander Nikitin. Secretary of TsPS MANPADS "RUS"