How to draw leaves with a pencil. How to draw leaves Colored drawings of leaves of different trees

1. Botanical description
2. Spreading
3. Application
4. Types of poplar
5. Landing
6. Reproduction
7. Diseases and pests

The poplar genus is one of the most widespread and numerous among the representatives of the Willow family. In the temperate climate of Russia it is difficult to find an area where these trees are not found. Their popularity is explained by their unpretentiousness towards others. natural conditions, frost resistance, rapid growth and the ability to recover even if most of the trunks are destroyed.

Botanical description

Poplar (Populus) is a large dioecious deciduous tree. Most adult specimens of all species reach a height of 30–35 m, in favorable conditions they outgrow the 50 m mark. The trunks are straight, with a diameter of 60–120 cm, branches are rare. The crowns are dense, broadly ovoid, tent-shaped or pyramidal in shape. The bark is greenish-gray, silvery or black; in young shoots it is olive, smooth and thin; in adulthood it thickens, darkens and becomes covered with deep longitudinal cracks. The root system is superficial, with numerous branches diverging from the trunks to the sides almost horizontally. Root shoots extend far beyond the projection of tree crowns. In some species, with age, something like central rods grow, extending to great depths.

The buds are large, 5–10 mm in size, resinous, fragrant. The leaves are simple, petiolate, smooth, dark green, noticeably lighter on the back side, arranged alternately on the shoots. The shape of the plates is wedge-shaped, heart-shaped or ovoid: with a wide rounded base and a pointed tip. The edges are entire or finely serrated. When they bloom, the young leaves are sticky with resin.

Inflorescences: cylindrical spikelets in the form of hanging earrings up to 17 cm long. Males are reddish or burgundy, females are light yellow or pinkish, somewhat longer. They bloom simultaneously with the leaves in April or early May. Fruits: small dry capsules with 3–4 leaves. They ripen in early summer, containing inside a mass of dark seeds 1–2 mm in size, pubescent with thin white hairs. It is easy to distinguish female poplar specimens in June, when thick flakes of fluff fly from the branches and seed pods swollen with seeds fall off.

Trees mature and begin to bloom at the age of 10–13 years. Life expectancy in urban areas is usually 50–70 years; further growth is often hampered by fungal damage. In the wild, poplars live up to 150–200 years or more.

Spreading

The natural habitats of the genus Populus cover areas with temperate and subtropical climates throughout the northern hemisphere: almost throughout Europe, Asia, North America and East Africa. Trees prefer moist, fertile soils, but successfully adapt to any type of soil, tolerating long-term droughts and waterlogging. They grow in river valleys, on mountain slopes, as part of mixed broad-leaved forests, adjacent to,.

Application

Poplars are gas-resistant and can withstand polluted urban air, including near industrial areas. Wide leaves cleanse the surrounding atmosphere of harmful impurities and release more oxygen than conifers. Damaged specimens quickly recover, growing long young shoots throughout the year. Many species are decorative and are a source of inexpensive wood. Greens and tree buds contain pharmacologically active substances. These qualities determine the value of poplars for industry and landscaping.

Wood

Poplar is a soft species that is not very resistant to biological and mechanical influences. This is a core porous yellowish-cream or light brown material with a fine, discreet texture, viscous, prone to cracking and swelling. dry mass does not exceed 420 kg/cub.m. Its physical and mechanical properties are low. Wood is easily crushed, damaged by fungus and quickly destroyed. Used in the turning, pulp and furniture industries. Poplar produces:

• paper;
• matches;
• packaging containers;
• artificial fabrics;
• charcoal;
• inexpensive kitchen utensils: cutting boards, bowls;
• cuttings of shovels and other agricultural implements;
• glued construction and finishing materials.

Medicine

Some types of poplar, for example, common poplar, are medicinal plants. Tree buds are valuable for medicine. They contain a number of biochemically active compounds:

• glycosides;
• organic acids;
• tannins;
• essential oil;
• gum;
• resin.

The buds are collected in April, before the active growing season begins.. Salicylic acid and populin, used in the pharmaceutical industry, are isolated from the raw materials. Preparations based on them have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effects, reduce pain, stimulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and increase the separation of sputum from the lungs.

Traditional medicine recommends using decoctions of poplar buds to treat pneumonia, bronchitis, stomatitis, use them for intestinal diseases, cystitis, nephritis, rheumatic pain, hemorrhoids, and wash cuts, abrasions, and ulcers with them.

For smokers who want to quit their addiction, poplar water makes it easier to quit nicotine.

An extract from poplar buds is included in anti-dandruff shampoos and other hair care products.

Gardening and landscape design

The ability of poplars to purify the air from dust and gases is indispensable for city streets. Fast-growing straight-trunked trees are suitable for planting in parks, squares, and along roadways. Species with compact decorative crowns: sedge or pyramidal poplar, can be grown on the borders of plots. Breeding only male specimens allows you to get rid of the main annoyance of poplar plantations - the summer “snowfall” of clods of fluff.

A powerful root system strengthens sliding soil on rough terrain and along the edges of ravines.

Types of poplar

The genus Populus includes almost 90 species. Most of them are wild, but there are also hybrid varieties, bred artificially in order to combine decorative qualities and resistance to adverse natural conditions.

Balsamic

Homeland - North America and some areas of Chukotka. Found in groups and alone. Frost-resistant, fast-growing species. Each year, the shoots increase in height to 1 m. Mature trees are 20–25 m tall, with spreading, ovoid crowns. The bark at the bottom of the trunks is dark gray, thick, and cracked. At the top it is smoother and lighter, with a silvery sheen. The leaves are large: 7x12 cm in size, wedge-shaped, with a wide base, pointed, finely serrated edges. The upper part of the leaf is dark green, glossy, the lower part is lighter, with a bluish tint. In the spring, when the buds open, the poplar emits a strong resinous odor.

White (silver)

Found throughout most of Russia and Central Asia. Prefers fertile soils of river floodplains. The height of adult specimens is 25–30 m, the crowns are spherical and spreading. The bark is greenish-gray, noticeably lighter in the upper part of the tree. The leaves are ovate with notched edges. Above - dark green, smooth, the back side is light, silvery-green, with slight pubescence.

The species differs from others in its deep root system, it tolerates damage worse than others, the crowns suffer and become deformed from frequent haircuts.

Based on the silver poplar, decorative compact forms up to 7–12 m high have been developed for growing in gardens and home areas.

Black (sedge)

Distributed in the temperate zone of the European part, in Siberia, and the Caucasus. The trunks of mature trees are tall - up to 30 m, the crowns are wide-pyramidal. The bark is dark gray at the top, almost black at the bottom, with deep cracks. The leaves are diamond-shaped, with small teeth along the edges. It is frost-resistant and insensitive to polluted air. Used in landscaping.

Pyramidal

It comes from Asia Minor, is similar to black poplar and is considered a variety of it. It is distinguished by decorative narrow conical crowns. Suitable for creating hedges, alleys, and planting along roads. The leaves are triangular, serrated, smaller than those of sedge. Frost resistance is lower. The pyramidal poplar sheds its leaves later than others, remaining “dressed” until the end of October.

Laurel leaf

Northern species, grows mainly in Siberia. It is distinguished by the characteristic shape of its leaves: oval, with solid edges and a sharp tip, measuring 5x12 cm. The height of the trees is 17–25 m, the trunks are straight and have few branches. The bark is dark gray, the crowns are tent-shaped. The shoots are yellowish, with corky growths. Laurel-leaved poplar is unpretentious, grows on any soil, and tolerates prolonged frosts. Doesn't like extreme heat.

Fragrant

Far Eastern light-loving species. It grows very quickly, is resistant to prolonged cold, and is sensitive to polluted air. Trees reach a height of 20 m or more. The bark has a greenish-silver tint, the crowns are wide and spreading. Buds with a characteristic strong aroma. The leaves are large: 6×10 cm, heart-shaped, glossy. The back side is bluish-green, the petioles are slightly pubescent.

Canadian

Hybrid, one of the most large species: The height of the trunks of most trees reaches 40 meters. The crowns are regular, broadly pyramidal. Bark gray, smooth, with a small number of shallow cracks in the lower part. The leaves are dark green, wide, wedge-shaped, fragrant. They fall in late autumn. The winter hardiness of this species is lower than that of black or bay leaves. Canadian poplar grows very quickly and tolerates pruning well.

Landing

Poplars should be placed on flat areas away from buildings and communications. You should retreat at least 10 m from the walls of buildings, roads and sidewalks. The soil is preferably slightly alkaline or neutral, loose. Although poplars grow on almost any soil, heavy clay soils are undesirable for them.

Trees are traditionally planted in April or September. Holes for seedlings are dug with a depth and width of 60–70 cm. For group plantings, the distance between them should be at least 3 m. The bottom is covered with a drainage layer of 15–20 cm. Any organic fertilizer is added to the excavated soil: compost, humus or rotted manure. The root collar is left at surface level. Thin and long specimens are recommended to be tied to supports. After planting, the tree needs to be watered abundantly.

Care

No other methods of stimulating tree development are required. Poplars are one of those species that grow “before our eyes.” Most of them grow up to 80–100 cm in the first year after planting, while simultaneously gaining wood mass. If development is slow, organic and phosphorus fertilizers can be periodically added to the soil.

It is advisable to trim the crowns from an early age: in early spring or in October. You can remove up to 30% of the shoot length per season. It is advisable to lubricate the cut areas with garden varnish to prevent fungal infections.

Reproduction

Poplars are usually bred by seed in nurseries, as they quickly lose their germination capacity. Vegetatively, poplar reproduces faster and easier. Cuttings and adventitious shoots are used as planting material. It develops in places where trunks are damaged, around the stumps of felled old trees. You can root young annual shoots.

The cuttings are cut 25–30 cm long and placed in moist soil for 2–3 months, leaving ¼ of the length outside. Before rooting, the sprouts are regularly moistened.

Diseases and pests

Swelling and raised brown spots on the bark of trees can be a sign of bacterial canker or dropsy. Infections lead to further appearance of deep cracks and wounds, and deformation of trunks. It is impossible to cure them at home; diseased seedlings are removed.

The appearance of reddish, brown, yellow or black growths, flagella, and droplets on the bark indicates damage by cytosporosis and other fungal diseases. In such cases, the trunks are treated with fungicides, diseased side shoots are removed.

The most famous pests of poplars are leafworm caterpillars, sawflies, mealbugs, scale insects, miners, aphids, and gall formers. Their presence can be guessed by damaged leaves, the appearance of spots, holes and growths on them. Affected trees should be regularly treated with insecticides, the crowns should be cut to most of their length, the soil under the trunks should be cleared of weeds and sprayed with chemicals.

Almost every person living in central Russia knows the appearance of aspen. The tree is equally attractive at any time of the year. It not only looks charming, but also brings many benefits. Certain parts of the plant are taken to make medicines and animal feed.

Almost every person living in central Russia knows the appearance of aspen

The correct name of the tree - “trembling poplar” - is not known to everyone. It received this name due to its ability to sway (tremble) intensely even from a slight blow of wind. Aspen has quite an impressive appearance- a columnar trunk with gray-olive bark and a lush crown. The trunk can be up to 1 m in diameter, and the height of a perennial representative often reaches 30-35 m.

With age, peculiar lentils form on the bark, which make the appearance of aspen even more attractive. It has high frost resistance. Grows in moist, acidified soil and is not afraid of shade. Distinctive feature It differs from similar trees, for example, poplar, in the unique shape of its leaves. It is also easy to calculate by the flowers that appear in the first days of spring.

The leaves are rhombic in shape with jagged edges, and their width often exceeds their length. The foliage is attached to the branches using thin cuttings, which also creates a trembling effect when swaying in the wind. The leaves of young aspen are similar to poplar, so they can sometimes be confused.

With age, peculiar lentils form on the bark, which make the appearance of aspen even more attractive

Unusual inflorescences appear on aspen trees with the arrival of the first warm days of spring. They are divided into women's and men's, and their shape resembles jewelry - earrings. Reproduction occurs thanks to the seeds, which are located on the inflorescences. They spread throughout the areas adjacent to the tree due to the small pappus that is present on each inflorescence.

Gallery: aspen tree (25 photos)

Why aspen always trembles (video)

Useful properties

Aspen can confidently be called a useful tree. It has many properties that are used by humans in various areas of life. Thus, the bark is often used as a dietary supplement to food. It is cut into strips and dried. In winter, small quantities of crushed bark are added to food. This supplement tones and helps cope with fatigue.

The leaves of the tree are diamond-shaped, with jagged edges, and their width often exceeds their length.

Some people make flour from the bark - aspen bast, which can be used for cooking.

The leaves and bark are often used as medicine. A decoction of the leaves is a good expectorant. It is drunk for influenza and ARVI to reduce fever and high body temperature. The decoction is also used to treat other diseases:

• hemorrhoids;
• diabetes mellitus;
• pancreatitis.

The use of aspen decoction is recommended for people suffering from diseases of the genitourinary system. A decoction or tincture is useful for problems with the gastrointestinal tract. You do not have to buy the medicine at the pharmacy; you can prepare it yourself. The recipe is simple: add dried or fresh leaves with a small amount of water and boil over low heat. Cool the resulting decoction and drink it in a certain dosage, which is best agreed with your doctor.

Common aspen (video)

Use in construction

Aspen is the tree from which good material for construction. For this purpose, trees older than 35 years are used. Objects made from this material look very attractive, since wood has white, it is soft and pleasant to the touch.

It is not used for the construction of residential premises, but is often used for finishing baths and saunas.

Landscape designers often use this tree as a material to implement ideas for landscaping. Aspen is planted in parks and city areas, as it is perfect for landscaping areas. In spring and summer, the tree is covered with thick greenery, which in the fall takes on a bright red hue with splashes of orange and yellow. The plant does not require special care and improves the quality of the soil in which it grows.

A detailed lesson will help you learn how to draw leaves step by step with a pencil. Leaves are an indispensable element of any summer or autumn landscape. The nature on our planet is incredibly diverse, and therefore there are many varieties of leaves, so drawing them is always very interesting. Drawing leaves is not difficult at all if you have just a little time and the right materials. We will show you how to draw leaves with a pencil step by step. Try drawing with us, and you will definitely like both the process and the result.

An easy way to draw maple leaf in 6 steps:

Draw a simple autumn leaf. This tutorial will be useful if you are drawing a detailed tree. Please note what colors we use and what transitions they have.

Draw an oak leaf in four simple steps. You don't even need to use an eraser, it's so simple!

And now - a more detailed lesson on drawing a leaf.

So, to draw leaves, we need a blank sheet of paper, a simple pencil and an eraser. First of all, let's mark the sheet, draw the base, so that in the future it will be easy and convenient for us to draw. In this case we are drawing a beautiful maple leaf, so the base will look like this. You only need four lines to draw the base for the leaf.

Now we need the shape of the sheet so that the further drawing is neat and beautiful. Focusing on the previously drawn lines, we begin to draw cone-shaped figures, we should have five of them in total.

Next, we begin to draw the outlines of the sheet on top of the sketch. The base lines should be barely noticeable, otherwise the leaf pattern will turn out dirty and ugly. The jagged outline of the leaves is not difficult to draw if you try hard enough. If you don’t get it right the first time, use an eraser, you can practice on a rough draft until it starts to look nice.

Gradually draw the entire outline of the leaves. It should look something like this. Next, you will need to arm yourself with an eraser again and delete everything extra lines, leaving only the outline.

To make the painted leaves look natural, you need to draw a twig and veins. The veins won't be even, so just draw by hand, don't use a ruler.

The final stage will be coloring. You can draw leaves using colored pencils, watercolor paints, gouache and other materials, you can choose exactly the ones you like best. In the end, this is what we ended up with.

The following picture shows how to draw beautiful tropical leaves in the shape of a heart.

1. First we draw a base that resembles a heart. Let's draw a line in the middle.
2. Let's start drawing the edges. There are notches on the edges of such tropical leaves; they must be marked.
3. We draw the veins with a double line; here they should be neat and repeat the shape of the leaf. I also add some holes to the surface of the leaves.
4. Color the drawn leaves in a tropical style. I'm using a cool turquoise green, you can get it by mixing green with blue. I add warm shades to the edges - they can be easily achieved by mixing yellow and green. Don't forget to leave the holes unpainted.

There are many more ways to draw leaves. For example, if you are a complete beginner, you will like the doodle technique. To draw these leaves you will need paper and a pen.

Here you can download free pictures of a wide variety of tree leaves that can be found on our Planet.

Poster

Your child will get acquainted with such tree leaves as linden, chestnut, juniper, bay leaf, rowan, magnolia, maple, mulberry leaf, oak, maclura, dwarf palm, pecan, persimmon leaf, cercis, pine, poplar, mahogany, sassafras , sequoia, red spruce, magnolia trifolia, liquidambar, sycamore, larch, hackberry, hawthorn, hemlock, hickory, holly, red alder, white ash, aspen, cypress, American linden, beech, birch, walnut, catalpa, cherry, red cedar , white cedar, coffee tree, delta poplar, dogwood, American elm, fir, willow, yew, Douglas fir, apricot leaf, yellow poplar, tupelo, walnut. To download free pictures of tree leaves, click on the image below to print:

You can use this tree leaves material as a poster. Place it on the wall at the child’s eye level, from time to time go up to the poster and study which leaves are depicted on the poster. Alternatively, you can print out a second copy of the tree leaves and cut it into cards and match the tree leaves on the poster and on the cards.