What is the name of the opposition in the play? Antithesis as an artistic device. Analysis using an example from poems. See what “Antithesis” is in other dictionaries

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The elder Kirsanov and Bazarov are presented in opposition from the first pages of the work. What is the name of the technique of sharp contrast used in a work of art?

A man of about sixty entered, white-haired, thin and dark, wearing a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink scarf around his neck. He grinned, walked up to Arkady’s handle and, bowing to the guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.

- Yes, yes, please. But won’t you go to your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?

- Very good. Prokofich, take their overcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov’s “clothes” with both hands and, raising it high above his head, walked away on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your room for a minute?

“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” Arkady answered and headed towards the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if carved with a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.

Pavel Petrovich took his trousers out of his pocket beautiful hand with long pink nails - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, fastened with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having previously performed the European “shake hands”, he kissed him three times, in Russian, that is, touched his cheeks with his fragrant mustache three times, and said: “Welcome.”

Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly tilted his flexible figure and smiled slightly, but did not offer his hand and even put it back in his pocket.

“I already thought that you wouldn’t come today,” he spoke in a pleasant voice, swaying courteously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did something happen on the road?

I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”

Name the literary direction in which the work of I. S. Turgenev developed and the principles of which were embodied in “Fathers and Sons”.

Explanation.

The work of I. S. Turgenev developed in line with realism. Realism is a style and method in art and literature, according to which objects of the visible world exist independently of human perception and cognition.

Answer: realism.

Answer: realism | critical realism

Maria Vostryakova 11.03.2017 10:34

Why in Task 8 No. 1497 type 1 answer " critical realism", and in Task 11 No. 1 type 1 the answer is “realism” if the tasks sound the same: “Name the literary direction in the mainstream of which the work of I. S. Turgenev developed and the principles of which were embodied in “Fathers and Sons”?

Tatiana Statsenko

Both options are possible.

Explanation.

The work of I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” belongs to the novel, because the novel is a literary genre, usually prose, which involves a detailed narrative about the life and personality development of the main character (heroes) in a crisis, non-standard period of his life .

Answer: novel.

Answer: novel

A	B	IN

Explanation.

A-4: Evgeny Bazarov - rudeness and harshness in his assessments. Bazarov Evgeniy Vasilievich - commoner, medical student, “nihilist”. This is a daring, cynical, strong person. He is confident in the correctness of his ideas, does not recognize other opinions, and goes ahead.

B-3: Arkady Kirsanov - openness and enthusiasm. Kirsanov Arkady Nikolaevich (AK) is a young nobleman, a friend and student of Bazarov, but, unlike Bazarov, his passion for nihilism is superficial. AKs are attracted to this teaching by a sense of freedom, independence from traditions and authorities, the right to self-confidence and audacity. The hero does not think about the essence of “nihilism”. In addition, AK is good-natured, simple-minded, simple and very attached to noble values, lifestyle, etc.

Q-2: Pavel Kirsanov - class arrogance. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich (PP) - Arkady Kirsanov’s uncle, an aristocrat, adheres to liberal views. The principles of the PP are moderate liberalism, which includes recognition of political freedoms, the constitution, aristocracy combined with Anglomania, worship of beauty, and art.

Answer: 432.

Answer: 432

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN

Explanation.

A-3: Evgeny Bazarov is dying from a serious illness. Bazarov Evgeniy Vasilievich - commoner, medical student, “nihilist”. This is a daring, cynical, strong person. He is confident in the correctness of his ideas, does not recognize other opinions, and goes ahead. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies from blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during an autopsy of a man who died of typhus.

B-4: Nikolai Kirsanov makes Fenechka his legal wife. Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich is a nobleman, the father of Arkady Kirsanov, a widower, he is a weak man, but kind, sensitive, delicate and noble. This hero strives to realize his romantic ideal in life - to work and seek happiness in love and art.

Q-1: Pavel Kirsanov is wounded in a duel. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich (PP) - Arkady Kirsanov’s uncle, an aristocrat, adheres to liberal views. He hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he is slightly wounded in the leg.

Answer: 341.

Answer: 341

Explanation.

Such detail is called detail or artistic detail. Let's give a definition.

Artistic detail- a particularly significant, highlighted element of an artistic image, an expressive detail in a work that carries a significant semantic, ideological and emotional load.

At the beginning of the above fragment, the characters communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is this type of speech called?

Explanation.

This type of speech is called dialogue. Let's give a definition.

Dialogue is a literary form of oral or written exchange of statements (replicas) in a conversation between two or more people.

Answer: dialogue.

Answer: dialogue

Explanation.

Which works of Russian classics depict the relationships between representatives of different generations and in what ways can these works be compared with Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons”?

Explanation.

On the pages of the novel “Fathers and Sons”, not just a conflict of generations develops, it is a conflict of different social formations: nobles and commoners. Bazarov is a nihilist commoner. The Kirsanovs are liberals, nobles. In their argument we see how different they are.

The conflict of generations is also shown in “Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov. Both Chatsky and Bazarov are heroes of a transitional time, when the ideals of the past were destroyed and new ones had not yet been formed. The inability to come to terms with reality and the inability to rise to a correct understanding of the meaning of life is the main reason for the inconsistency of young heroes from the galaxy of “superfluous people.”

Explanation.

This technique is called antithesis or contrast. Let's give a definition.

Antithesis is a rhetorical opposition of a text, a stylistic figure of contrast in artistic or oratory speech, consisting in a sharp opposition of concepts, positions, images, states, interconnected by a common design or internal meaning.

Answer: antithesis or contrast.

Answer: antithesis|contrast

What is the name of an expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text (for example, a new moon covered in smoke at the beginning and end of a fragment)?

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

By dusk the cannonade began to subside. Alpatych came out of the basement and stopped at the door. The previously clear evening sky was completely covered with smoke. And through this smoke the young, high-standing crescent of the month strangely shone. After the previous terrible roar of guns had ceased, there seemed silence over the city, interrupted only by the rustling of footsteps, groans, distant screams and the crackle of fires that seemed to be widespread throughout the city. The cook's moans had now died down. Black clouds of smoke from the fires rose and dispersed from both sides. On the street, not in rows, but like ants from a ruined hillock, soldiers in different uniforms and in different directions walked and ran through. In Alpatych’s eyes, several of them ran into Ferapontov’s yard. Alpatych went to the gate. Some regiment, crowded and in a hurry, blocked the street, moving back.

“They’re surrendering the city, leave, leave,” the officer who noticed his figure told him and immediately shouted to the soldiers:

- I'll let you run around the yards! - he shouted.

Alpatych returned to the hut and, calling the coachman, ordered him to leave. Following Alpatych and the coachman, all of Ferapontov’s household came out. Seeing the smoke and even the fires of the fires, now visible in the beginning twilight, the women, who had been silent until then, suddenly began to cry out, looking at the fires. As if echoing them, the same cries were heard at other ends of the street. Alpatych and his coachman, with shaking hands, straightened the tangled reins and lines of the horses under the canopy.

When Alpatych was leaving the gate, he saw about ten soldiers in Ferapontov’s open shop, talking loudly, filling bags and backpacks with wheat flour and sunflowers. At the same time, Ferapontov entered the shop, returning from the street. Seeing the soldiers, he wanted to shout something, but suddenly he stopped and, clutching his hair, laughed a sobbing laugh.

- Get everything, guys! Don't let the devils get you! - he shouted, grabbing the bags himself and throwing them into the street. Some soldiers, frightened, ran out, some continued to pour in. Seeing Alpatych, Ferapontov turned to him.

- I made up my mind! Race! - he shouted. - Alpatych! I've decided! I'll light it myself. I decided... - Ferapontov ran into the yard.

Soldiers were constantly walking along the street, blocking it all, so that Alpatych could not pass and had to wait. The landlady Ferapontova and her children were also sitting on the cart, waiting to be able to leave.

It was already quite night. There were stars in the sky and the young moon, occasionally obscured by smoke, shone. On the descent to the Dnieper, Alpatych’s carts and their mistresses, moving slowly in the ranks of soldiers and other crews, had to stop. Not far from the intersection where the carts stopped, in an alley, a house and shops were burning. The fire had already burned out. The flame either died down and was lost in the black smoke, then suddenly flared up brightly, strangely clearly illuminating the faces of the crowded people standing at the intersection.

L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”

Indicate the literary direction, the principles of which were embodied in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”.

Explanation.

In L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” the principles of realism found their embodiment. Realism is a truthful depiction of reality.

Answer: realism.

Answer: critical realism|realism

What definition is added to the word “novel” to characterize the genre of “War and Peace”?

Explanation.

To the word “novel”, characterizing the genre of “War and Peace”, they add epic, because epic is an extensive narrative in verse or prose about outstanding national historical events.

Answer: epic.

Answer: epic

Name the technique the author resorts to when painting a picture of retreat (“... like ants from a ruined hillock<...>, soldiers passed and ran”).

Comparison is a trope in which one object or phenomenon is compared to another according to some characteristic common to them. The purpose of comparison is to identify new, important, advantageous properties for the subject of the statement in the object of comparison.

Answer: comparison.

Answer: comparison

What is the name for the intentional use of identical words in a text, enhancing the significance of a statement (“I’ve decided! Race!” he shouted. “Alpatych!” I made up my mind! I'll light it myself. I made up my mind...»)?

Explanation.

This use is called repetition. Let's give a definition.

The deliberate use of identical words in a text, enhancing the significance of a statement, is called repetition.

Answer: repetition|lexical repetition.

Answer: repetition|lexical repetition

Tatiana Statsenko

In the dictionary we read:

S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova. Dictionary Russian language.

refrain, -a, m. (special).

1. A verse or stanza repeated in a certain order in a poem. Monotonous river (also translated: about frequent repetition of the same thing).

2. Theme piece of music, repeating in it and holding it together. structure. II adj. refrain,

As we see, the refrain is discussed in the poetic work.

What term denotes the way of displaying the internal state of the heroes, the thoughts and feelings that control them (“Alpatych with his coachman, with shaking hands, straightened out the tangled reins”; “grabbing his hair, he burst out laughing with a sobbing laugh”)?

Explanation.

This term is called “psychologism”. Let's give a definition.

Psychologism is an individualized reproduction of the inner world of people in literary works.

Answer: psychologism.

Answer: psychologism

Anna Andreeva (Artemovsky) 15.06.2012 15:11

Isn’t “he laughed a sobbing laugh” a human emotion?

Help Desk

“Laughing” is not an emotion, but that’s not the point. The question was about what term denotes the METHOD OF DISPLAYING in a literary work internal state heroes.

The fragment begins and ends with a description of the fire in Smolensk. Indicate the term that denotes the location and relationship of parts, episodes, images in a work of art.

Explanation.

This term is called composition. Let's give a definition.

Composition is the mutual correlation and arrangement of units of the depicted and artistic and speech means in a literary work. Structure, plan of expression of a literary work; construction of a work of art.

Answer: composition.

Answer: composition

How, from your point of view, can one explain the “strange” behavior of the merchant Ferapontov in the above episode?

Explanation.

##The “strange” behavior of the merchant Ferapontov is explained by the fact that the French are on the outskirts of the city. As a true patriot, the merchant Ferapontov does not want to feed the enemy army, preferring to burn his goods.

In which works of Russian classics does the theme of man in war sound and what brings these works closer to the novel by L. N. Tolstoy?

Explanation.

The theme of man in war has been raised more than once in works of Russian classical literature. In Bulgakov's novel " White Guard”, in A. Tolstoy’s novel “Walking in Torment”, B. Pasternak’s “Doctor Zhivago”, in the works of the Soviet period: “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov, “Destruction” by A. Fadeev. Following the traditions of L. Tolstoy, his followers showed how a person is “naked” in the face of danger, how his essence is revealed. In harsh conditions, feelings of patriotism, mercy, and compassion are more acute. Thus, in A. Fadeev’s novel “Destruction,” Mechik cannot cope with his fears, is not able to take risks for the sake of his comrades, and ultimately runs away from the detachment. Sholokhov's hero Andrei Sokolov, on the contrary, did not become embittered, did not break under terrible trials, and remained a patriot of his Motherland: hungry, physically exhausted, he proudly looks into the eyes of the fascist, refusing to drink to the victory of German weapons. The merchant Ferapontov, the hero of War and Peace, does not think about his property, he is ready to give it away, ready to burn it, so that the enemy cannot profit from his labors and triumphantly walk across Russian soil. The problem of the true and false patriotism close to both Sholokhov and Fadeev. These writers have similar views on the problem.

Explanation.

This detail is called a detail. Let's give a definition.

An expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text is called a detail.

Answer: detail.

Answer: detail|artistic detail

The elder Kirsanov and Bazarov are presented in opposition from the first pages of the work. What is the name of the technique of sharp contrast used in a work of art?

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

“Here we are at home,” said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his cap and shaking his hair. “The main thing is now to have dinner and rest.”

“It’s really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching, and sank down onto the sofa.

- Yes, yes, let's have dinner, have dinner quickly. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason. - By the way, Prokofich.

A man of about sixty entered, white-haired, thin and dark, wearing a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink scarf around his neck. He grinned, walked up to Arkady's handle and, bowing to his guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.

“Here he is, Prokofich,” Nikolai Petrovich began, “he has finally come to us... What?” how do you find it?

- IN in the best possible way, sir“,” said the old man and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. —Will you order the table to be set? - he said impressively.

- Yes, yes, please. But won't you go to your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?

- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my suitcase to be stolen there and these clothes,” he added, taking off his robe.

“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if carved with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.

Pavel Petrovich took his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, fastened with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having previously performed the European “shake hands,” he kissed him three times, in Russian, that is, touched his cheeks with his fragrant mustache three times, and said: “Welcome.”

Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly tilted his flexible figure and smiled slightly, but did not offer his hand and even put it back in his pocket.

“I already thought that you wouldn’t come today,” he spoke in a pleasant voice, swaying amiably, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did something happen on the road?

“Nothing happened,” answered Arkady, “so, we hesitated a little.”

I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”

Name the literary direction in which the work of I. S. Turgenev developed and the principles of which were embodied in “Fathers and Sons”.

Explanation.

The literary direction of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is critical realism. The author depicts the character's character and his connection with social circumstances, gives an analysis of the character's inner world. Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is a nihilist, his character is a reflection of the times. The country is expecting changes and he, anticipating them, denies the “old”, expecting the “new”. The novel was written in 1862. 1860−1870 - the era of reforms in Russia.

Answer: realism.

Answer: realism

What genre does I. S. Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons” belong to?

Explanation.

This work belongs to the “novel” genre. A novel is one of the types of epic, narrative literature - a work that reflects a complex life process, a large range of life phenomena shown in their development. Pictures of human life in the novel are presented in their complexity and versatility. In the events depicted in a novel, in contrast to a story and a short story, many characters usually take part, whose destinies and interests collide and intertwine. The life path of a person, his character in the novel is thus illuminated at different periods of human life in its various manifestations.

Answer: novel.

Answer: Roman

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their inherent personality traits. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN

Explanation.

A-4: Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist. Bazarov Evgeniy Vasilievich - commoner, medical student, “nihilist”. This is a daring, cynical, strong person. He is confident in the correctness of his ideas, does not recognize other opinions, and goes ahead.

B-3: Arkady Kirsanov is a young man who recognized Bazarov as an idol. Kirsanov Arkady Nikolaevich (AK) is a young nobleman, friend and student of Bazarov. But, unlike Bazarov, his passion for nihilism is superficial. AKs are attracted to this teaching by a sense of freedom, independence from traditions and authorities, the right to self-confidence and audacity. The hero does not think about the essence of “nihilism”. In addition, AK is good-natured, simple-minded, simple and very attached to noble values, lifestyle, etc.

Q-2: Pavel Kirsanov is a dandy, a gentleman. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich is the uncle of Arkady Kirsanov, an aristocrat, adheres to liberal views. He is 45 years old, “his whole appearance..., graceful and thoroughbred, has retained his youthful slimness and... aspiration upward, away from the ground...”

Answer: 432.

Answer: 432

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their future fate.

Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN

Explanation.

A-3: While practicing on the corpse of a typhoid patient, Bazarov injured himself and became infected. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies from blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during an autopsy of a man who died of typhus. Before his death, he sees Odintsova for the last time, who comes to him at his request.

B-4: Nikolai Petrovich’s wedding with Fenechka was at the same time as the wedding of Arkady and Katya. In the finale of the work, Arkady Kirsanov marries Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich is leaving abroad forever.

Q-1: Bazarov slightly wounded Pavel Kirsanov and himself provided first aid to him. Pvel Kirsanov hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he is slightly wounded in the leg.

Answer: 341.

Answer: 341

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, Bazarov’s robe and Pavel Petrovich’s English suite noted by the author)?

Explanation.

This kind of detail is called artistic detail. An artistic detail is a detail of a landscape, portrait, interior or psychological characteristic of a character, highlighted by the writer among all other details in order to emphasize its special pictorial, expressive or symbolic meaning.

Answer: artistic detail.

Answer: detail|artistic detail

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

At the beginning of the above fragment, the characters communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is this type of speech called?

Explanation.

Dialogue is a conversation between two or more persons in a work of fiction. In a dramatic work, the dialogue of the characters is one of the main artistic means for creating an image and character.

Answer: dialogue.

Answer: Dialogue

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

How does this episode of “Fathers and Sons” reveal the main conflict of the work?

Explanation.

The main conflict of the novel by I.S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons” is a conflict between “fathers and sons”, which develops into a conflict between two social formations: liberals and commoners. In this episode, the author, using the technique of antithesis, compares the elder Kirsanov with his smart clothes (“dark English suit”, “lacquered ankle boots”) with Bazarov, dressed in a “hoodie”.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is a typical aristocrat gentleman. In his face we see an aristocrat admiring himself, whose life has been reduced to general philosophical reasoning and regrets about the past. Pavel Petrovich did not shake hands with Bazarov, thereby already at the beginning of their acquaintance he showed his disdain for the visitor. Even without knowing the guest, he behaves arrogantly and selfishly. His impeccable appearance, as evidenced by the details: a beautiful hand with long pink nails, a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, a face... unusually correct and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light chisel, showing traces of remarkable beauty - contrasted with internal insignificance: he completely unadapted to new living conditions, which are a direct threat to his calm existence. He treats with disdain ordinary people, an angry protest evokes everything new and democratic in him. The same uselessness and inability to adapt to life, rejection of the new are manifested in the image of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, although during the first meeting he seems to be a hospitable and cordial host.

Evgeny Bazarov is opposed to the old world in everything. He is proud of his simple origin and confidently strives to combat the remnants of the old times. Even his appearance and manner of speaking sets him apart from all the other characters in the novel. He is dressed in a long robe with tassels, wears long hair, which at that time were a demonstrative sign of freethinking. Bazarov speaks simply and clearly, can use a saying or proverb to the point, and gives precise characteristics.

Take task number 13.

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

Which works of Russian classics depict the relationships between representatives of different generations and in what ways can these works be compared with Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons”?

Explanation.

Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov are representatives of the liberal-minded nobility, who were once considered progressive, but are gradually losing their position in front of the new emerging rarity. They both belong to the camp of “fathers,” contrasted in the novel with “children,” whose representative is the nihilist Bazarov. For him, a man of action, the principles of the “fathers” are an empty, unnecessary excess that slows down progress.

The conflict between “fathers and sons” is shown by Griboyedov on the pages of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” Chatsky, personifying the emerging new generation of enlightened nobles, who wants to give his life for the benefit of the Fatherland, opposes Famusov’s stagnant society, in which ignorance, obscurantism, idleness and servility reign.

In the drama N.A. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" house-building is gradually being destroyed by the reluctance of the "children" to submit to the tyranny of the older generation. Main character Katerina doesn't fit into the rules" dark kingdom" Despite Kabanova’s courtesy and outward submission, Katerina does not want and cannot live as is customary in Kalinov: with lies, deception, submitting to the undivided power of tyrants. This is precisely what caused Katerina’s protest.

Thus, the problem of “fathers and sons” traditionally in Russian classical literature goes beyond the everyday framework, becoming a social conflict, and sometimes political.

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

Explanation.

This technique is called contrast or antithesis.

Contrast is a sharply expressed opposition of traits, qualities, properties of one human character, object, phenomenon to another. The use of contrast, contrasting features, colors, characteristics allows the writer to more sharply emphasize and reveal certain aspects of a person, thing, landscape.

Antithesis is one of the stylistic figures: a turn of poetic speech in which, to enhance expressiveness, directly opposite concepts, thoughts, and character traits of the characters are sharply contrasted.

Answer: contrast or antithesis.

Answer: contrast | antithesis

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in literature.

The life positions and opinions of the participants in this scene are different. Indicate a term denoting a clash, confrontation between characters or any forces that underlies the development of the action of a literary work.

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2. ACT 1

Phenomenon 5

Kabanova, Kabanov, Katerina and Varvara

Kabanova. If you want to listen to your mother, then when you get there, do as I ordered you.

Kabanov. How can I, Mama, disobey you!

Kabanova. Elders are not very respected these days.

Varvara (to myself). No respect for you, of course!

Kabanov. I, it seems, mummy, don’t take a step out of your will.

Kabanova. I would believe you, my friend, if I hadn’t seen with my own eyes and heard with my own ears what kind of respect children show to their parents now! If only they remembered how many illnesses mothers suffer from their children.

Kabanov. I, mummy...

Kabanova. If a parent ever says something offensive, out of your pride, then, I think, it could be rescheduled! A! How do you think?

Kabanov. But when, Mama, have I ever been unable to bear being away from you?

Kabanova. The mother is old and stupid; Well, you, young people, smart ones, shouldn’t exact it from us fools.

Kabanov (sighing, aside). Oh, my God! (Mother.)

Dare we, Mama, to think!

Kabanova. After all, out of love your parents are strict with you, out of love they scold you, everyone thinks to teach you good. Well, I don’t like it now. And the children will go around praising people that their mother is a grumbler, that their mother does not allow them to pass, that they are squeezing them out of the world. And, God forbid, you can’t please your daughter-in-law with some word, so the conversation started that the mother-in-law was completely fed up.

Kabanov. No, mama, who is talking about you?

Kabanova. I haven’t heard, my friend, I haven’t heard, I don’t want to lie. If only I had heard, I would have spoken to you, my dear, in a different way. (Sighs.) Oh, a grave sin! What a long time to sin! A conversation close to your heart will go well, and you will sin and get angry. No, my friend, say what you want about me. You can’t order anyone to speak; If they don’t dare to show you, they will stand behind your back.

Kabanov. Let your tongue dry.

Kabanova. Come on, come on, don't be afraid! Sin! I’ve seen for a long time that your wife is dearer to you than your mother. Since I got married, I don’t see the same love from you.

Kabanov. How do you see this, Mama?

Kabanova. Yes in everything, my friend! What a mother doesn’t see with her eyes, she has a prophetic heart; she can feel with her heart. Or maybe your wife is taking you away from me, I don’t know.

Kabanov. No, mama! what are you saying, have mercy!

Katerina. For me, Mama, it’s all the same birth mother, that you, and Tikhon loves you too.

Kabanova. It seems like you could keep quiet if they don’t ask you. Don’t intercede, mother, I won’t offend you, I suppose! After all, he is also my son; don't forget this! Why did you jump out in front of your eyes to make jokes! So that they can see how much you love your husband? So we know, we know, in your eyes you prove it to everyone.

Varvara (to myself). I found a place for instructions to read.

Katerina. You are in vain saying this about me, Mama. Whether in front of people or without people, I’m still alone, I don’t prove anything of myself.

Kabanova. Yes, I didn’t even want to talk about you; and so, by the way, I had to.

A. N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”

Indicate the author’s definition of the genre of A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”.

Explanation.

Drama is a dramatic work that does not have clear genre characteristics and combines techniques of different genres; sometimes such a work is simply called a play.

Answer: drama.

What nickname did the inhabitants of Kalinov give to Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova?

Explanation.

Marfa Ignatievna's last name was Kabanova, and for her despotic and tough character she was given a rude nickname - Kabanikha.

Answer: Kabanikha.

Answer: Kabanikha

In a fragment of the play, remarks are exchanged between the characters. Provide a term that denotes a conversation between two or more people.

Explanation.

This form of communication is called dialogue. Let's give a definition.

Dialogue or polylogue is a conversation between two or more persons in a work of art. In a dramatic work, the dialogue of the characters is one of the main artistic means for creating an image and character.

Answer: dialogue or polylogue.

Answer: Dialogue|polylogue

What term denotes a violation of the usual word order in a phrase (“After all, out of love, your parents are strict with you”)?

In the drama A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" house-building is gradually being destroyed by the reluctance of the "children" to submit to the tyranny of the older generation. Varvara snaps at her mother, Tikhon timidly contradicts. The main character Katerina does not fit into the order of the “dark kingdom”. Despite Kabanova’s politeness and outward submission, Katerina does not want and cannot live as is customary in Kalinov: with lies, deception, submitting to the undivided power of tyrants. This is precisely what caused Katerina’s protest.

The topic of fathers and children was raised by I.S. Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and Sons”. Considering himself a liberal aristocrat, Pavel Petrovich is proud of his “principles”, but this pride is empty, because his “principles” are just words. He is completely unadapted to new living conditions, which are a direct threat to his calm existence. He treats ordinary people with disdain; everything new and democratic evokes an angry protest in him. The Kirsanovs do not want to accept the fact that their lives are gradually becoming a thing of the past, and they are being replaced by Bazarov, personifying a new generation with his own views.

In Sholokhov's novel " Quiet Don“The Melekhov house rests on the primacy of its elders. Panteley Prokofich is a hardworking owner, he can be quick-tempered, but at heart he is kind and sensitive. Despite the intra-family split, Panteley Prokofich tries to unite the pieces of the old way of life into one whole - at least for the sake of his grandchildren and children. To save the family, he forbids Grigory to see Aksinya. However, the son, although he does not openly protest to his father, does not listen to him, and decides to do as he wants.

Thus, the problem of “fathers and sons” is traditional for Russian classical literature, and sometimes goes beyond everyday boundaries, becoming a social conflict.

Explanation.

Conflict is a clash of opposing views of characters in epic, drama, works of the lyric-epic genre, as well as in lyrics, if there is a plot in it. The conflict is realized in the verbal and physical actions of the characters. The conflict unfolds through the plot.

“Let me ask you,” Pavel Petrovich began, and his lips trembled, “according to your concepts, do the words “trash” and “aristocrat” mean the same thing?

“I said: “aristocratic,” said Bazarov, lazily taking a sip of tea.

- Exactly so, sir: but I believe that you have the same opinion about aristocrats as you do about aristocrats. I consider it my duty to tell you that I do not share this opinion. I dare say that everyone knows me as a liberal person who loves progress; but that’s precisely why I respect aristocrats—real ones. Remember, dear sir (at these words Bazarov raised his eyes to Pavel Petrovich), remember, dear sir,” he repeated with bitterness, “the English aristocrats.” They do not give up an iota of their rights, and therefore they respect the rights of others; they demand the fulfillment of duties in relation to them, and therefore they themselves fulfill their duties. The aristocracy gave freedom to England and maintains it.

“We’ve heard this song many times,” objected Bazarov, “but what do you want to prove with this?”

“I want to prove eftim, dear sir.” (Pavel Petrovich, when he was angry, said with intent: “eftim” and “efto,” although he knew very well that grammar does not allow such words. This quirk reflected the rest of the legends of Alexander’s time. The then aces , V in rare cases when they spoke native language, some used - efto, others - ehto: we, they say, are native Russians, and at the same time we are nobles who are allowed to neglect school rules), I want to prove that without self-esteem, without respect for oneself, - and in an aristocrat these feelings are developed - there is no solid foundation for social... bien public, public building. Personality, dear sir, is the main thing: the human personality must be as strong as a rock, for everything is built on it. I know very well, for example, that you deign to find my habits, my toilet, my cleanliness, finally, funny, but this all stems from a sense of self-respect, from a sense of duty, yes, yes, duty. I live in a village, in the middle of nowhere, but I don’t give up on myself, I respect the person in me.

“Excuse me, Pavel Petrovich,” said Bazarov, “you respect yourself and sit with your hands folded; What good is this for the bien public? You wouldn't respect yourself and do the same thing.

Pavel Petrovich turned pale.

- This is a completely different question. I don’t have to explain to you now why I’m sitting with my hands folded, as you deign to put it. I just want to say that aristocracy is a principle, and in our time only immoral or empty people can live without principles. I told this to Arkady the next day of his arrival and I repeat it to you now. Isn't that right, Nikolai?

Nikolai Petrovich nodded his head.

“Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, principles,” Bazarov said meanwhile, “just think, how many foreign... and useless words!” Russian people don’t need them for nothing.

- What do you think he needs? To listen to you, we are outside humanity, outside its laws. For mercy - the logic of history requires...

What type of literature does I. S. Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons” belong to?

Explanation.

The work of I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” belongs to the epic.

Epic is a type of literature (along with lyricism and drama), a narrative about events supposed in the past (as if they had happened and are remembered by the narrator). The epic embraces existence in its plastic volume, spatio-temporal extension and event intensity (plot content). According to Aristotle's Poetics, epic, unlike lyric poetry and drama, is impartial and objective at the time of narration.

Answer: epic.

Answer: Epic

Answer: Metaphor

Elvira Kazakova 15.09.2016 18:23

266. Compound verbal predicate with phraseological phrase

To burn with impatience is a phraseological unit.

what is a sharp contrast called? various situations in a work of fiction and received the best answer

Answer from Bob Faratiev[guru]
Antithesis is one of the techniques of stylistics, which consists in comparing specific ideas and concepts related to each other by a common design or internal meaning. Eg. : “He who was nothing will become everything.” Sharply highlighting the contrasting features of the compared members, A., precisely because of his sharpness, is distinguished by his too persistent persuasiveness and brightness (for which the romantics loved this figure so much). Many stylists therefore had a negative attitude towards A., and on the other hand, poets with rhetorical pathos, such as for example, have a noticeable predilection for it. from Hugo or today from Mayakovsky. Symmetry and analytical nature A. make it very appropriate in some strict forms, such as. in Alexandrian verse (see), with its clear division into two parts.

Reply from Hope[active]
Antithesis - (from the Greek antithesis - opposition), in fiction stylistic figure, juxtaposition of sharply contrasting or opposing concepts and images to enhance the impression. For example: “I am a king, - I am a slave, - I am a worm, - I am god” (G. R. Derzhavin) or in the titles - “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy, “Crime and Punishment” by F. M. Dostoevsky , "Cunning and Love" by F. Schiller.

Reply from ASL[newbie]
antithesis, no doubt

Reply from Vladislav Vishnyakov[newbie]
Literary asshole)

Reply from 3 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: what is the sharp contrast of different situations in a work of art called?

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Writers have a lot of tools at their disposal that allow them to make their storytelling more expressive and vivid.

One of the most effective ways is an antithesis. Today we will talk about what it is, the principles by which they are compiled, and along the way we will give a lot of examples from literature and poetry.

Definition - what is it?

This term came into Russian from Ancient Greece, and the word “antithesis” itself is translated as “ opposition».

Antithesis is a stylistic device that consists of direct opposition opposite images, properties or actions. Serves to enhance the expressiveness of speech and more accurately convey thoughts and feelings.

The most simple examples antitheses can be:

Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness.
A smart person will teach you, a fool will get bored
If you drive more slowly, you will continue
Easy to make friends, hard to separate
The rich feast on weekdays, but the poor grieve on holidays

V literary works can be presented in several ways:

Contrasting two heroes or images (see);
Opposition various items, states or phenomena;
Contrasting different qualities of one character or object;
Contrasting the properties of two different objects.

Examples of antitheses in prose literature

Built on antithesis even the names some famous works:

War and Peace (Tolstoy)
The Prince and the Pauper (Twain)
Crime and Punishment (Dostoevsky)
Fathers and Sons (Turgenev)
Wolves and sheep (Ostrovsky)
Angels and Demons (Dan Brown)

But in these works the opposition is not only in titles, but also in content. Thus, Leo Tolstoy throughout the novel constantly compares two poles - peace and enmity, good and evil. This manifests itself both during the course of the narrative, when the author alternates scenes peaceful life and battles, and in the character of some heroes, for example, Napoleon and Kutuzov or Helen and Natasha.

But Dostoevsky uses other methods. He "puts antitheses" inside one character. This is most clearly manifested in Raskolnikov, who before the crime was good person, and then became a killer, and his ideals and behavior changed accordingly.

And finally, Turgenev uses the conflict of generations and their views on life as an antithesis.

Examples in poetry

The juxtaposition of opposites is often used by advertisers. Using this technique, they create short, but memorable slogans.

We work, you rest (Indesit technology)
Warm in cold, cool in hot (Samsung air conditioners)
Easy to turn on, hard to stop (unlimited internet)

And even more often you can find slogans based on the opposition “minimum - maximum”. For example, “minimum calories, maximum pleasure” (Coca-Cola light), “minimum space, maximum possibilities” ( mobile phone), “minimum labor, maximum effect” (washing powder).

Instead of a conclusion

By the way, thanks to the antithesis, another technique appeared -. That's what they call it set expressions, which use words with completely opposite meanings. For example, “hot ice”, “terribly beautiful”, “living corpse”, “bitter joy”. You can read more about this on another page of our website.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

Areas of application of antithesis

To the author work of art Any genre requires expressiveness of speech, which is why antithesis is used. In the Russian language, the use of opposing concepts has long become a tradition in the titles of novels, stories, plays and poetic texts: “War and Peace”; “The Prince and the Pauper” by M. Twain, “Wolves and Sheep” by N. S. Ostrovsky.

In addition to stories, novels and sayings, the technique of opposition is successfully used in works intended for agitation in politics and social sphere And oratory. Everyone is familiar with mottos, chants and slogans: “He who was nobody will become everything!”

Contrast is often present in ordinary colloquial speech, such examples of antithesis: dishonor - dignity, life - death, good - evil. To influence listeners and present an object or phenomenon more fully and in the right way, a person can compare these phenomena with another object or phenomenon, or can use the contrasting characteristics of objects for contrast.

Useful video: what is antithesis, antithesis

Types of antithesis

In Russian they can occur various options contrasting phenomena:

In terms of composition, it can be simple (includes one pair of words) and complex (has two or more pairs of antonyms, several concepts): “A rich man fell in love with a poor woman, a scientist fell in love with a stupid woman, a ruddy woman fell in love with a pale woman, a good man fell in love with a harmful woman, a golden man fell in love with a copper half-shelf.” (M. Tsvetaeva). Such an expanded expression unexpectedly reveals the concept.
An even greater effect from the use of contrasting concepts is achieved when used together with other types of figures of speech, for example with parallelism or anaphora: “I am a king - I am a slave - I am a worm - I am God!” (Derzhavin).
A variant of opposition is distinguished when the external structure of the antithesis is preserved, but the words are in no way connected in meaning: “There is an elderberry in the garden, and a guy in Kyiv.” Such expressions create the effect of surprise.
There is a contrast between several forms of a word, often in the same case. This form is used in short, bright statements, aphorisms and mottos: “Man is a wolf to man,” “To Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s,” “Peace to the world.”

Take note! On the basis of the antithesis, a special technique was born - an oxymoron, which some experts consider as a type of this figure of speech, only with an emphasis on humor and irony. Examples of oxymorons in Alexander Blok’s “The Heat of Cold Numbers” or in Nekrasov’s “And the Poor Luxury of the Attire...”

Application in fiction

Research shows that in literary text opposition of images is used more often than other figures of contrast. Moreover, in foreign literature was used as often as in poetry and prose of Russians and Soviet writers. Its presence allows us to enhance the reader’s emotional sensations, more fully reveal the author’s position and emphasize main idea works. Nice samples Applications of antithesis and the definition of the term are contained in Wikipedia.

Examples in prose

Russian realist writers Pushkin A.S., Lermontov M.Yu., Tolstoy L.N., Turgenev I.S. actively used a technique based on the contrast of concepts in their works. Good example Chekhov has it in his story “Darling”: “Olenka grew plump and was all beaming with pleasure, but Kukin was losing weight and turning yellow and complaining about terrible losses...”

Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” already in its title contains a hidden confrontation between two eras. The system of characters and the plot of the novel are also based on opposition (conflict between two generations: older and younger).

In foreign literature, O. Wilde’s novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” is an excellent example of the technique of contrast in a work of the Romantic era. The contrast between the hero's beautiful face and his low spiritual qualities- an analogy of the opposition of good to evil.

Chekhov A.P. "Darling"

Examples in verses

Any famous poet can find examples of the use of antithesis in his poems. Poets of different movements widely used this technique. Writers silver age(, Marina Tsvetaeva, Sergei Yesenin, Konstantin Balmont) antithesis was a favorite method:

“You, sea of strange dreams, and sounds, and lights!

You, friend and eternal enemy! An evil spirit and a good genius!

(Konstantin Balmont)

During the period of classicism, poets also loved this method of creating expressiveness. An example in the poem by G.R. Derzhavina:

“Where was the table of food,

There is a coffin there."

The great Pushkin often included contrasts of images and characters in poetic and prose texts. Fyodor Tyutchev has vivid examples of the unfolding confrontation between heaven and earth:

“The kite rose from the clearing,

he soared high into the sky;

And so he went beyond the horizon.

Mother Nature gave him

Two powerful, two living wings -

And here I am in sweat and dust,

I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!”

Useful video: Preparing for the Unified State Exam - the antithesis

Conclusion

Numerous examples from literature, poetry and other types of text indicate that antithesis has penetrated into all areas of our speech. Without it, the work becomes flat, uninteresting, and unattractive. This rhetorical figure, combining two opposing concepts side by side, gives the Russian language the power of persuasion and liveliness.

“Here we are at home,” said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his cap and shaking his hair. “The main thing is now to have dinner and rest.”

“It’s really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching, and sank onto the sofa.

- Yes, yes, let's have dinner, have dinner quickly. – Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason.

- By the way, Prokofich.

“Here he is, Prokofich,” began Nikolai Petrovich, “he has finally come to us... What? how do you find it?

“In the best possible way, sir,” said the old man and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. – Would you like to set the table? – he said impressively.

- Yes, yes, please. But won’t you go to your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?

- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my suitcase to be stolen there and these clothes,” he added, taking off his robe.

“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” Arkady answered and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if carved with a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.

Pavel Petrovich took his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, fastened with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having previously performed the European “shake hands”, he kissed him three times, in Russian, that is, touched his cheeks with his fragrant mustache three times, and said: “Welcome.”

Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly tilted his flexible figure and smiled slightly, but did not offer his hand and even put it back in his pocket.

“Nothing happened,” answered Arkady, “so, we hesitated a little.”

Question 6:

Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work
opposed to each other. What is the sharp technique called?
contrast used in a work of art?

Explanation: To complete this task, you must know artistic techniques. A technique that sharply contrasts heroes to each other is called antithesis.

Answer: antithesis

KIM Unified State Exam 2016 (early period)

-...Nil Pavlych, and Nil Pavlych! How did he, the gentleman who was reported just now, shoot himself on Petersburgskaya?
“Svidrigailov,” someone from the other answered hoarsely and indifferently.
rooms.
Raskolnikov shuddered.
- Svidrigailov! Svidrigailov shot himself! - he cried.
- How! Do you know Svidrigailov?
- Yes... I know... He arrived recently...
- Well, yes, I recently arrived, lost my wife, a man of behavior
forgotten, and suddenly shot himself, and it was so scandalous that it’s impossible to imagine...
left it in my notebook a few words that he dies in his right mind and asks not to blame anyone for his death. This one, they say, had money.
How do you want to know?
- I... know... my sister lived in their house as a governess...
- Ba, ba, ba... Yes, you can tell us about him. And you had no idea?
- I saw him yesterday... he... drank wine... I didn’t know anything.
Raskolnikov felt as if something had fallen on him and he
crushed.
“You seem to have turned pale again.” We have such a stale spirit here...
“Yes, I have to go,” muttered Raskolnikov, “sorry,
worried...
- Oh, for mercy's sake, as much as you like! The pleasure was delivered and I'm glad
declare...
Ilya Petrovich even extended his hand.
- I just wanted... I went to Zametov...
“I understand, I understand, and it was a pleasure.”
“I’m... very glad... goodbye, sir...” Raskolnikov smiled.
He came out, he rocked. His head was spinning. He couldn't feel if he was standing. He began to walk down the stairs, resting his right hand against the wall.
It seemed to him that some janitor, with a book in his hand, pushed him, climbing up to meet him in the office, that some little dog was baying and barking somewhere on the lower floor, and that some woman threw a rolling pin at it and screamed. He went downstairs and went out into the yard. Here in the courtyard, not far from the exit, stood a pale, completely dead Sonya and looked at him wildly, wildly. He stopped in front of her. Something sick and exhausted
Something desperate was expressed in her face. She clasped her hands.
An ugly, lost smile squeezed out on his lips. He stood there, grinned, and turned upstairs, back to the office. Ilya Petrovich sat down and rummaged through some papers. The one standing in front of him
the very man who had just pushed Raskolnikov while climbing the stairs.
- A-ah-ah? You again! Did you leave anything?.. But what happened to you?
Raskolnikov, with pale lips and a fixed gaze, quietly approached him, walked up to the table itself, rested his hand on it, wanted to say something, but could not; Only some incoherent sounds were heard.
- You feel sick, chair! Here, sit on the chair, sit down! Water!
Raskolnikov sank into a chair, but did not take his eyes off his face very
unpleasantly surprised Ilya Petrovich. Both looked at each other for a minute and waited. They brought water.
“It’s me...” Raskolnikov began.
– Drink some water.
Raskolnikov drew back the water with his hand and said quietly, deliberately, but clearly:
It was I who killed the old official woman and her sister Lizaveta with an ax
and robbed.
Ilya Petrovich opened his mouth. They came running from all sides.
Raskolnikov repeated his testimony.
(F.M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”)