Publications in the Music section

Spring playlist

We got up early today.
We can't sleep today!
They say the starlings are back!
They say spring has come!

Gaida Lagzdyn. March

Spring inspired many talented people. Poets sang of its beauty in words, artists tried to capture the riot of its colors with a brush, and musicians tried more than once to convey its gentle sound. "Kultura.RF" remembers Russian composers who dedicated their works to spring.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky, “Seasons. Spring"

Konstantin Yuon. March sun. 1915. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Spring, performed by the outstanding Russian composer, is revealed in three of the twelve paintings of the piano cycle “The Seasons”.

The idea of ​​creating musical seasons was not new. Long before Pyotr Tchaikovsky, similar sketches were created by the Italian maestro Antonio Vivaldi and the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn. But if European masters created a seasonal picture of nature, Tchaikovsky devoted a separate theme to each month.

Touching musical sketches were not initially a spontaneous manifestation of Tchaikovsky’s love for nature. The idea of ​​the cycle belonged to Nikolai Bernard, editor of the Nouvellist magazine. It was he who commissioned it from the composer for a collection in which musical works were accompanied by poems - including those by Apollo Maykov and Afanasy Fet. The spring months were represented by the paintings “March. Song of the Lark", "April. Snowdrop" and "May. White nights."

Tchaikovsky's Spring turned out to be lyrical and at the same time bright in sound. Exactly as the author once wrote about her in a letter to Nadezhda von Meck: “I love our winter, long and stubborn. You can't wait for Lent to arrive, and with it the first signs of spring. But what a magic our spring is with its suddenness, its luxurious power!”.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, "The Snow Maiden"

Isaac Levitan. March. 1895. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The plot of a spring fairy tale, familiar to many from childhood, took on a musical form thanks to an interesting coincidence of circumstances. Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov became acquainted with the fairy tale by Alexander Ostrovsky in 1874, but it made a “strange” impression on the composer.

Only five years later, as the author himself recalled in his memoirs “Chronicles of My Musical Life,” he “gave insight into its amazing beauty.” Having received Ostrovsky's permission to use the plot of his play, the composer wrote his famous opera in three summer months.

In 1882, the opera “The Snow Maiden” in four acts premiered on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater. Ostrovsky highly appreciated the work of Rimsky-Korsakov, noting that he could never imagine “a more suitable and vividly expressing all the poetry of the pagan cult” music for his composition. The images of the young daughter Frost and Spring, the shepherd Lelya and Tsar Berendey turned out to be so vivid that the composer himself called “The Snow Maiden” “his best work.”

To understand how Rimsky-Korsakov saw spring, it is worth listening to the beginning of the Prologue and the Fourth Act of his opera.

Sergei Rachmaninov, “Spring Waters”

Arkhip Kuindzhi. Early spring. 1890–1895. Kharkovsky art museum.

The snow is still white in the fields,
And water
already in the spring they make noise -
They're running
and wake up the sleepy breg,
They're running
and they shine and say...
They
they say all the time:
"Spring
spring is coming!
We are young
spring messengers,
She
sent us ahead!

Fedor Tyutchev

It was these lines by Fyodor Tyutchev that formed the basis of the romance of the same name by Sergei Rachmaninov “Spring Waters”. Written in 1896, the romance completed the early period of the composer’s work, still filled with romantic traditions and lightness of content.

The rapid and seething sound of Rachmaninov's spring corresponded to the mood of the era: to end of the 19th century century, after the dominance of critical realism and censorship in the second half of the century, society was awakening, the revolutionary movement was growing in it, and in the public consciousness there was anxiety associated with the imminent entry into new era.

Alexander Glazunov, “Seasons: Spring”

Boris Kustodiev. Spring. 1921. Art gallery Generations Fund. Khanty-Mansiysk.

In February 1900 on stage Mariinsky Theater the premiere of the allegorical ballet “The Seasons” took place, in which the eternal story life of Nature - from awakening after a long winter sleep to fading into autumn waltz from leaves and snow.

The musical accompaniment of Ivan Vsevolozhsky's idea was the composition of Alexander Glazunov, who at that time was a famous and respected musician. Together with his teacher Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, he restored and completed Alexander Borodin's opera Prince Igor, made his debut at the World Exhibition in Paris and wrote music for the ballet Raymonda.

Glazunov created the plot of “The Seasons” based on his own symphonic picture"Spring", which he wrote nine years earlier. In it, spring turned to the wind Zephyr for help in order to drive away winter and surround everything around with love and warmth.

Symphonic painting “Spring”

Igor Stravinsky, "The Rite of Spring"

Nicholas Roerich. Set design for the ballet “The Rite of Spring”. 1910. Nicholas Roerich Museum, New York, USA

Another "spring" ballet belongs to another student of Rimsky-Korsakov - Igor Stravinsky. As the composer wrote in his memoirs, “Chronicle of My Life,” one day, quite unexpectedly, a picture of pagan rituals and a girl who sacrificed her beauty and life in the name of awakening the sacred spring arose in his imagination.

He shared his idea with the stage designer Nicholas Roerich, who was also passionate about Slavic traditions, and the entrepreneur Sergei Diaghilev.

It was within the framework of Diaghilev's Russian seasons that the ballet premiered in Paris in May 1913. The public did not accept the pagan dances and condemned the “barbaric music.” The production failed.

The composer later described the main idea of ​​the ballet in the article “What I wanted to express in The Rite of Spring”: “The Bright Resurrection of nature, which is reborn to new life, a complete resurrection, a spontaneous resurrection of the conception of the universal”. And this unbridledness is truly felt in the magical expression of Stravinsky’s music, full of pristine human feelings and natural rhythms.

100 years later, in the same theater on the Champs-Elysees where The Rite of Spring was booed, the troupe and orchestra of the Mariinsky Theater performed this opera - this time to a full house.

Part one "Kiss the Earth". "Spring Round Dances"

Dmitry Kabalevsky, “Spring”

Igor Grabar. March snow. 1904. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

In the works of Dmitry Kabalevsky, a classic of Soviet music school, a public figure and teacher, spring motifs have been encountered more than once. For example, spring notes sound throughout the entire operetta “Spring is Singing,” staged for the first time in November 1957 on the stage of the Moscow Operetta Theater. The famously twisted plot of the work in three acts was dedicated to the Soviet spring, the symbol of which was the October Revolution. The main character’s aria “Spring Again” summed up the composer’s main idea: happiness is earned only through struggle.

Three years later, Dmitry Kabalevsky dedicated another work to this time of year - the symphonic poem “Spring”, which is centered around the sounds of awakening nature.

Symphonic poem "Spring", op. 65 (1960)

Georgy Sviridov, “Spring Cantata”

Vasily Baksheev. Blue spring. 1930. State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The work of Georgy Sviridov is one of the main symbols of the Soviet musical era. His suite “Time Forward” and illustrations for Pushkin’s “The Snowstorm” have long become classics of world culture.

The composer turned to the theme of spring in 1972: he composed “Spring Cantata,” inspired by Nikolai Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” This work was a kind of reflection on the choice of the spiritual path of Russia, but Sviridov did not deprive him of Nekrasov’s inherent poetic admiration for the beauty of Russian nature. For example, the composer preserved the following lines in “Cantata”:

Spring has already begun
The birch tree was blooming,
How we went home...
Okay, light
In the world of God!
Okay, easy
Clear in my heart.

Nikolay Nekrasov

The instrumental part of the cantata “Bells and Horns” has a special mood:

Nature is surprisingly diverse in colors and shapes. And how much beauty there is in the forest, in the meadow, in the middle of a field, by the river, by the lake! And how many sounds there are in nature, whole polyphonies of choirs of insects, birds, and other animals!

Nature is a real temple of beauty, and it is no coincidence that all poets, artists, and musicians drew their ideas from observing them surrounded by nature.
Music and poetry are something beautiful that a person cannot live without. Many composers and poets wrote beautiful works about the beauty of nature. There is a soul in nature, there is a language in it, and everyone is given the ability to hear this language and understand it. To many talented people, poets and musicians managed to understand the language of nature and love it with all their hearts, and therefore they created many beautiful works.
The sounds of nature served as the basis for the creation of many musical works. Nature sounds powerful in music. The ancient people already had music. Primitive people sought to study the sounds of the surrounding world, they helped them navigate, learn about danger, and hunt. Observing objects and natural phenomena, they created the first musical instruments- drum, harp, flute. Musicians have always learned from nature. Even the sounds of the bell that are heard in church holidays, sound due to the fact that the bell was created in the likeness of a bell flower.
In 1500, a copper flower was made in Italy, it was accidentally hit, and a melodious ringing was heard, the ministers of the religious cult became interested in the bell, and now it sounds, delighting the parishioners with its ringing. Great musicians also learned from nature: Tchaikovsky was not out of the woods when he wrote children’s songs about nature and the “Seasons” cycle. The forest suggested to him the mood and motives of a piece of music.

The romances of Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov occupy a special place in our repertoire.

He is distinguished by his sensitivity to poetic text, which gave birth to a melody full of living, breathing phrasing.
One of the best romances by Rachmaninov to the words of F. Tyutchev is “Spring Waters”, full of the exciting power of the awakening of nature, youth, joy and optimism.

The snow is still white in the fields,
And the waters are already noisy in the spring.
They run and wake up the sleepy shore,
They run and shine and shout...
They say all over:
"Spring is coming, spring is coming!
We are messengers of young spring,
She sent us ahead!"

Rachmaninov. "Spring Waters"

Rachmaninov. Romance "Spring Waters".

The poems of the great Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev have been known to all Russian people since childhood. Even before we learn to read and write, we remember his heartfelt lines by heart.

I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May,
When spring, the first thunder,
As if frolicking and playing,
Rumbling in the blue sky.

In the poet's life, love and nature occupy a special place.

. I. Tyutchev is usually called the singer of love and nature. He was truly a master of poetic landscapes, but his inspired poems are completely devoid of empty and thoughtless admiration; they are deeply philosophical. For Tyutchev, nature is identified with man, nature for him is a rational being, endowed with the ability to love, suffer, hate, admire and admire:

Fedor Tyutchev. Poems.

The theme of nature was first heard with such power and pathos in Tchaikovsky’s lyrics. This romance is one of Tchaikovsky's most perfect creations. It is one of the relatively few pages of his music filled with inner harmony and completeness of happiness.

.P. Tchaikovsky was under the spell of the lyricism of A. Tolstoy’s poems, their bright, open emotionality. These artistic qualities helped Tchaikovsky create a series of masterpieces of vocal lyrics based on the poems of A. Tolstoy - 11 lyrical romances and 2 duets, incorporating a whole range of human feelings. The romance “I bless you, forests” became an expression of the composer’s own thoughts about nature and the universe.

I bless you, forests,
Valleys, fields, mountains, waters,
I bless freedom
And blue skies.
And I bless my staff,
And this poor sum
And the steppe from edge to edge,
And the light of the sun, and the darkness of the night,
And a lonely path
Which way, beggar, am I going,
And in the field every blade of grass,
And every star in the sky.
Oh, if I could mix my whole life,
To merge my whole soul with you;
Oh, if I could into my arms
I am you, enemies, friends and brothers,
And conclude all nature!

Tchaikovsky. Romance "I bless you forests."

The Russian composer Rimsky-Korsakov knew about the sea firsthand. As a midshipman, and then as a midshipman on the Almaz clipper, he traveled a long way to the North American coast. His favorite sea images appear in many of his creations.
This is, for example, the theme of the “blue ocean-sea” in the opera “Sadko”. In just a few sounds the author conveys the hidden power of the ocean, and this motif permeates the entire opera.

Rimsky - Korsakov. Introduction to the opera "Sadko".

Another favorite theme of music about nature is sunrise. Here two of the most famous morning themes immediately come to mind, having something in common with each other. Each in its own way accurately conveys the awakening of nature. This is the romantic “Morning” by E. Grieg and the solemn “Dawn on the Moscow River” by M. P. Mussorgsky.
Mussorgsky's Dawn begins with a shepherd's melody, the ringing of bells seems to be woven into the growing orchestral sound, and the sun rises higher and higher above the river, covering the water with golden ripples.

Mussorgsky. "Dawn on the Moscow River."

Among musical works about nature, Saint-Saëns’ “grand zoological fantasy” for chamber ensemble stands out. The frivolity of the plan determined the fate of the work: “Carnival,” the score of which Saint-Saëns even forbade publication during his lifetime, was fully performed only among the composer’s friends.” The only number of the cycle published and performed publicly during Saint-Saëns’ lifetime is the famous “Swan”, which in 1907 became a masterpiece of ballet art performed by the great Anna Pavlova.

Saint-Saens. "Swan"

Haydn, like his predecessor, makes extensive use of the possibilities different instruments to capture natural sounds such as summer thunderstorms, grasshoppers and frog choruses. Haydn associates musical works about nature with the lives of people - they are almost always present in his “paintings”. So, for example, in the finale of the 103rd symphony, we seem to be in the forest and hear the signals of hunters, to depict which the composer resorts to a well-known means - the golden stroke of horns. Listen:

Haydn. Symphony No. 103, finale.

The text is compiled from various sources.

Kreknina Olga

The work is devoted to the use of images of nature in music. The topic of ecology is partially touched upon

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Republican Scientific and Practical Conference of Students

“Youth – Science and Technology”

"Images of nature in music"

(research work)

Student of 8th grade "B"

Municipal educational institution "Gymnasium No. 83"

Kreknina Olga Alexandrovna

Scientific supervisor:

Additional education teacher

First qualification category

Municipal educational institution "Gymnasium No. 83"

Pribylshchikova Svetlana Aleksandrovna

Izhevsk 2011

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….........2

CHAPTER 1. Theoretical justification of the problem “nature and music”

1.1. Definition of the basic concepts of the study: “music”,

“nature”……………………………………………………………………………….4

1.2. Images of nature in literature and painting………………………………6

1.3. Images of nature in music……………………………………………..10

1.4. Images of nature in music for relaxation……………………………14

CHAPTER 2. Practical justification of the problem

2.1. Problems of ecology in contemporary art………………………....18

2.2 Musical images nature in the works of schoolchildren………………….23

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………..35

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….36

APPLICATION

INTRODUCTION

We live in the 21st century. This is an age of crazy speed, general mechanization and industrialization. Stressful situations await us at every step. Probably, humanity has never been so far from unity with nature, which man is constantly “conquering” and “tailoring” to suit himself.

The theme of nature at this time is very relevant. In the last decade, ecology has experienced an unprecedented flourishing, becoming an increasingly important science, closely interacting with biology, natural history, and geography. Now the word “ecology” is found in all media mass media. And for decades, the problems of interaction between nature and human society have concerned not only scientists, but also writers, artists, and composers.

The unique beauty of our native nature has always stimulated people of art to new creative searches.

In their works they not only admire, but also make you think, warn about what unreasonable things can lead to consumer attitude to nature.

Nature in the works of composers is a reflection of its real sound, the expression of specific images. At the same time, the sounds of nature themselves create a certain sound and influence in one way or another. Studying musical works of different eras will allow us to trace how human consciousness and his attitude to the eternal world of nature changed. In this age of industrialization and urbanization, conservation issues environment, the interactions between man and nature are particularly acute. Man, in my opinion, cannot in any way determine his place in the world: who is he - the king of nature or just a small part of the great whole?

Target – to prove that music can convey images of nature to the listener and influence human consciousness regarding the environment. And environmental problems are an important part of the life of society and each of its members individually.

Tasks:

1. Study musical works of different eras.

2. Consider images of nature in works of painting, literature, and music.

3. Prove the influence of nature music on human consciousness.

4. Create a multimedia presentation on the topic “Nature and Music.”

Object of study- images of nature in music.

Methods Research used both theoretical and empirical:

1. study, analysis and synthesis of literature,
2. observation,
3. experiment.

My work consists of a theoretical part and a practical one.

CHAPTER 1 Theoretical justification of the problem “nature and music”

1. Definition of basic research concepts: “music”, “nature”

What is music?There are many definitions that can be given to this. Music is a type of art, the artistic material of which is sound, organized in a special way in time (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).

Music is an art form that combines tones into euphonious groups of sounds. Music is a type of art that embodies ideological and emotional content in sound artistic images. Music is an art whose subject is sound that changes over time (http://pda.privet.ru/post/72530922).

But we can give one general extended concept, music - a type of art. Specially organized sounds serve as a means of conveying mood and feelings in music. The main elements and expressive means of music are: melody, rhythm, meter, tempo, dynamics, timbre, harmony, instrumentation and others. Music is a very good means of nurturing a child’s artistic taste; it can influence mood; in psychiatry there is even special music therapy. With the help of music, you can even influence a person’s health: when a person hears fast music, his pulse quickens, his blood pressure rises, he begins to move and think faster. Music is usually divided into genres and types. Musical works each genre and type are usually easy to distinguish from each other due to the specific musical properties of each (http://narodznaet.ru/articles/chto-takoe-muzika.html).

What is nature?An interesting and fascinating question. At school in the lower grades we once studied such a subject - natural history. Nature is a living organism that is born, develops, creates and creates, and then dies, and what it has created over millions of years either flourishes further in other conditions or dies along with it (http://dinosys.narod.ru/chto-takoe-priroda-.html).

Nature - This outside world, in which we live; this world obeys laws that have remained unchanged for millions of years. Nature is primary, it cannot be created by man and we must take it for granted. In a narrower sense, the wordnature means the essence of something - nature feelings, for example (http://www.drive2.ru/).

Ecology - the science of the relationships of living organisms and their communities with each other and with the environment (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).

1. 2.Images of nature in literature and painting

The heritage of Russian literature is great. The works of the classics reflect characteristic features interactions between nature and man, inherent past era. It is difficult to imagine the poetry of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, the novels and stories of Turgenev, Gogol, Tolstoy, Chekhov without describing pictures of Russian nature. The works of these and other authors reveal the diversity of the nature of their native land and help to find in it the beautiful sides of the human soul.

Thus, in the works of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev himself, nature is the soul of Russia. In the works of this writer, the unity of man and the natural world can be traced, be it an animal, a forest, a river or a steppe.

Tyutchev’s nature is diverse, multifaceted, full of sounds, colors, and smells. Tyutchev’s lyrics are imbued with admiration for the greatness and beauty of nature:

I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May,

When spring, the first thunder,

As if frolicking and playing,

Rumbling in the blue sky.

Young peals thunder,

The rain is splashing, the dust is flying,

Rain pearls hung.

And the sun gilds the threads.

Every Russian person is familiar with the name of the poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin. All his life Yesenin worshiped the nature of his native land. “My lyrics are alive with one great love, love for my homeland. The feeling of homeland is the main thing in my work,” said Yesenin. All people, animals and plants in Yesenin are children of one mother - nature. Man is part of nature, but nature is also endowed human traits. An example is the poem "Green Hair...". In it, a person is likened to a birch tree, and she is like a person. It is so interpenetrating that the reader will never know whether this poem is about a tree or a girl.

It’s not for nothing that Mikhail Prishvin is called the “singer of nature.” This master of artistic expression was a subtle connoisseur of nature, perfectly understood and highly appreciated its beauty and riches. In his works, he teaches to love and understand nature, to be responsible to it for its use, and not always wisely. WITH different sides The problem of the relationship between man and nature is highlighted.

This does not cover all the works that touch on the issue of the relationship between man and nature. For writers, nature is not just a habitat, it is a source of kindness and beauty. In their ideas, nature is associated with true humanity (which is inseparable from the consciousness of its connection with nature). It is impossible to stop scientific and technological progress, but it is very important to think about the values ​​of humanity.

All writers, as convinced connoisseurs of true beauty, prove that human influence on nature should not be destructive for it, because every meeting with nature is a meeting with beauty, a touch of mystery. Loving nature means not only enjoying it, but also treating it with care.

Images of animals and people made in the era of primitive society on the walls of caves have survived to our times. Many millennia have passed since then, but painting has always remained an invariable companion to a person’s spiritual life. In recent centuries, it is undoubtedly the most popular of all types of fine art.

Russian nature has always had a huge influence on Russian artists. One can even say that it was the nature of our country, its landscape, climatic conditions, colors that formed the national character, and therefore gave rise to all the features of Russian national culture, including painting.

However, landscape painting itself began to develop in Russia only in the 18th century. along with the development of secular painting. When they began to build magnificent palaces, lay out luxurious gardens, when, as if by magic, new cities began to grow, the need arose to perpetuate all this. Under Peter I, the first views of St. Petersburg, made by Russian artists, appeared.

The first Russian landscape painters found inspiration abroad. Fyodor Matveev is a prominent representative of classicism in Russian landscape painting. “View around Bern” – image contemporary artist city, but the real landscape is presented by the artist as ideally sublime.

Italian nature is reflected on Shchedrin's canvases. In his paintings, nature revealed itself in all its natural beauty. He showed not only the external appearance of nature, but its breathing, movement, life. However, already in Venetsianov’s works we see a reference to paintings of native nature. Benois wrote about Venetsianov’s work: “Who in all of Russian painting managed to convey such a truly summer mood as the one embedded in his painting “Summer”! The same amazing thing is its counterpart painting “Spring”, where “all the quiet, modest charm of the Russian spring is expressed in the landscape.”

Contemporaries believed that Shishkin’s work was photographic, and this is precisely the merit of the master.

In 1871, Savrasov’s famous painting “The Rooks Have Arrived” appeared at the exhibition. This work became a revelation, so unexpected and strange that then, despite its success, not a single imitator was found.

Speaking about Russian landscape painters, one cannot fail to mention V.D. Polenov, his touching landscapes “Grandma’s Garden”, “First Snow”, “Moscow Courtyard”.

Savrasov was a teacher, and Polenov was a friend of the famous Russian landscape artist Levitan. Levitan's paintings are a new word in Russian landscape painting. These are not types of areas, not reference documents, but Russian nature itself with its inexplicably subtle charm.Levitan is called the discoverer of the beauties of our Russian land, those beauties that lie next to us and are accessible to our perception every day and hour. His paintings not only give pleasure to the eye, they help to understand and study our Earth and its nature.

In Russian painting of the last century, two sides of landscape as a type of painting are revealed: the objective one is the image, the view of certain areas and cities, and the subjective one is the expression in images of the nature of human feelings and experiences. The landscape is a reflection of the reality located outside of man and transformed by him. On the other hand, it also reflects the growth of personal and social self-awareness.

1.3. Images of nature in music

The sounds of nature served as the basis for the creation of many musical works. Nature sounds powerful in music. The ancient people already had music. Primitive people sought to study the sounds of the surrounding world; they helped them navigate, learn about danger, and hunt. Observing objects and natural phenomena, they created the first musical instruments - drum, harp, flute. Musicians have always learned from nature. Even the sounds of the bell, which are heard on church holidays, sound due to the fact that the bell was created in the likeness of a bell flower.

Great musicians also learned from nature: Tchaikovsky was not out of the woods when he wrote children’s songs about nature and the “Seasons” cycle. The forest suggested to him the mood and motives of a piece of music.

The list of musical works about nature is large and varied. I will give just a few works on the spring theme:

I. Haydn. Seasons, part 1

F. Schubert. Spring Dream

J. Bizet. Pastoral

G. Sviridov. Spring Cantata

A. Vivaldi "Spring" from the cycle "The Seasons"

W. A. ​​Mozart "The Coming of Spring" (song)

R. Schumann "Spring" Symphony

E. Grieg "In Spring" (piano piece)

N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov "The Snow Maiden" (spring fairy tale)

P. I. Tchaikovsky "That Was in Early Spring"

S. V. Rachmaninov "Spring Waters"

I. O. Dunaevsky "Burbling streams"

Astor Piazzolla. "Spring" (from "Seasons in Buenos Aires")

I. Strauss. Spring (Frühling)

I. Stravinsky "The Rite of Spring"

G. Sviridov "Spring and the Sorcerer"

D. Kabalevsky. Symphonic poem "Spring".

S. V. Rachmaninov. "Spring" - cantata for baritone, choir and orchestra.

And this can continue for a long time.

It should be noted that composers perceived and reflected images of nature in their works in different ways:

b) Pantheistic perception of nature - N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, G. Mahler;

c) Romantic perception of nature as a reflection of the inner world of man;

Let's consider the “spring” plays from the cycle “The Seasons” by P. I. Tchaikovsky.

"Seasons" Tchaikovsky is a kind of musical diary of the composer, capturing episodes of life dear to his heart, meetings and pictures of nature. This cycle of 12 characteristic paintings for piano can be called an encyclopedia of Russian estate life of the 19th century and the St. Petersburg city landscape. In his images, Tchaikovsky captured the endless Russian expanses, rural life, pictures of St. Petersburg city landscapes, and scenes from the domestic musical life of Russian people of that time.

"Song of the Lark" March(see Appendix). The lark is a field bird that is revered in Russia as a spring songbird. Her singing is traditionally associated with the arrival of spring, the awakening of all nature from hibernation, and the beginning of a new life. The picture of the spring Russian landscape is drawn with very simple but expressive means. All music is based on two themes: a melodious lyrical melody with modest chord accompaniment and a second one, related to it, but with big ups and wide breathing. The endearing charm of the entire play lies in the organic interweaving of these two themes and different shades of mood - dreamy-sad and bright. Both themes have elements that resemble the trills of the lark's spring song. The first topic creates a kind of frame for the more developed second topic. The play concludes with the fading trills of a lark.

"Snowdrop" April(see Appendix) . Snowdrop is the name given to plants that appear immediately after the winter snow melts. Touchingly after the winter cold, the dead, lifeless pores, small blue or white flowers appear immediately after the winter snow melts. Snowdrop is very popular in Russia. It is revered as a symbol of new emerging life. Poems by many Russian poets are dedicated to him. The play "Snowdrop" is built on a waltz-like rhythm, and is completely imbued with impulse and a surge of emotions. It soulfully conveys the excitement that arises when contemplating spring nature, and the joyful, hidden in the depths of the soul, feeling of hope for the future and hidden expectation. The play has three sections. The first and third repeat each other. But in the middle section there is no bright figurative contrast; rather, there is some change of moods, shades of the same feeling. The emotional rush of the final section continues until the very end.

"White Nights". May (see Appendix).

White nights are the name given to the nights in May in northern Russia, when it is as light at night as during the day. White nights in St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, have always been celebrated with romantic night festivities and singing. The image of the white nights of St. Petersburg is captured in the paintings of Russian artists and poems of Russian poets. This is exactly what “White Nights” is called the story of the great Russian writer F. Dostoevsky.

The music of the play conveys a change of contradictory moods: sorrowful thoughts are replaced by the sweet fading of a soul overflowing with delight against the backdrop of a romantic and completely extraordinary landscape of the White Nights period. The play consists of two large sections, an introduction and a conclusion, which are constant and frame the entire play. The introduction and conclusion are a musical landscape, an image of white nights. The first section is built on short melodies - sighs. They seem to remind you of the silence of a white night on the streets of St. Petersburg, of loneliness, of dreams of happiness. The second section is impetuous and even passionate in mood. The excitement of the soul increases so much that it acquires an enthusiastic and joyful character. After it there is a gradual transition to the conclusion (frame) of the entire play. Everything calms down, and again the listener sees a picture of a northern, white, bright night in St. Petersburg, majestic and austere in its unchanging beauty.

We also listened to several musical works on the theme of spring: P. I. Tchaikovsky “April. Snowdrop”, G. Sviridov “Spring”, A. Vivaldi “Spring”. We found that all the plays have similar features. Each play has a gentle, dreamy, affectionate, soft, friendly character. All these works are united by common means of musical expression. The predominant mode is major; register – high, medium; melody – cantilena, tempo – moderate; dynamics - mf. Sviridov and Vivaldi use sound-imaging elements: the imitation of birdsong is imitated by a flute and violin in a high register.

1.4. Images of nature in music for relaxation

Natural sounds of nature are known to help a person achieve a state of harmony with the surrounding reality, come to terms with his inner world, get rid of anxiety and tension, and for some time detach himself from everyday worries.

Music therapy is one of the oldest means of group psychotherapy, using specific features emotional and psychological impact of music (playing music) on a person (http://slovari.yandex.ru/~books/Clinical%20psychology/Music therapy/)

Corypheas ancient civilization Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato drew the attention of their contemporaries to the healing power of music, which, in their opinion, establishes proportional order and harmony throughout the Universe, including disturbed harmony in the human body. A thousand years ago, the outstanding physician of all times and peoples, Avicenna, treated patients with nervous and mental illnesses with music. In Europe, mention of this refers to early XIX century, when the French psychiatrist Esquirol began to introduce music therapy into psychiatric institutions. It is characteristic that the use of music in medicine was predominantly empirical in nature. In the 20th century, especially in its second half, music therapy as an independent discipline it became widely practiced in various European countries. Modern research in the field of music therapy is developing in several directions. The study of artistic and aesthetic patterns of musical perception is carried out in aesthetic and music-theoretical works.

First of all, listening to music affects our emotional and sensory perception, which gives a powerful impetus to all other operating human systems. In a calmer state, a person already thinks soberly, understands events around him more subtly, and unconsciously turns on his intuition. All this significantly affects the quality characteristics of the physical body. In some incredible way, a person becomes better, he becomes more cheerful, smarter and more cheerful, which is what each of us needs now.

Nowadays people are increasingly engaged in self-knowledge and self-improvement. Each of us is aimed at internal work, with the help of which we learn new facets of personality. Healingancient shamans and Tibetan monks effectively influence the discovery of internal resources, with the help of which we become healthier, insightful and balanced.

Relaxation is the most best way relax, it is music for relaxation that can properly influence the body and promote maximum relaxation of all muscles. Sometimes not only melody, but also the sounds of nature can have a beneficial effect on the mental and physical condition body exhausted by stress.

What exactly can be called relaxation music? Experts refer to this direction melodic tracks with ethnic music, New Age, noise, sometimes some modern electronic music, sounds of nature, oriental meditative songs, traditional Chinese chants and much, much more. What then are the sounds of nature? As a rule, when recording such songs, the singing of birds, the sound of waves, the rustling of leaves are used... In the city it is impossible to hear the roar of the falling water of a waterfall or the measured sound of the surf. For this purpose, the most famous sounds were recorded, arranged, and later received the name “music of nature.” Oddly enough, the same “music” includes the singing of blue whales, the rumble of thunder, the chirping of cicadas and crickets, and the howl of a wolf. The sounds of nature are those sounds that you may never encounter in the wild, but which help create the right atmosphere of being in the mountains or on the seashore.

The main goal of relaxation music is the correct harmonious effect on a person with the goal of completely relaxing all tense muscles and subsequently relieving stress. Oddly enough, music for relaxation can also be used for work. It can serve as a pleasant background during intense intellectual work, without distracting a person from an important matter at all, but creating a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere.

To create the desired effect, performers of relaxation music sometimes use repetition of the same tone several times, a kind of concentration of the composition around one or several tones, which helps to induce a state of light trance and relaxation. A similar technique is used in Goa trance, but in the music of nature there is no such clear rhythmicity. There is no specific set of musical instruments for playing relaxation music. If we talk about relaxing oriental melodies, the main instruments are traditional Chinese or Vietnamese carillons and stone plates, horizontal harps, zithers (multi-string instruments), bamboo flutes, sheng and yu (made from gourd), xun, zheng, guqin, xiao and di , pipa, etc. Traditional Chinese music is one of the most popular types of recreational music. It is often used for relaxation according to the Wu Shu system. To create the right atmosphere and the right mood, you need to listen to music of a certain melody. If the music harmoniously combines the sounds of nature and smooth transitions from one key to another, then it is definitely relaxation music (see the APPENDIX for ethnic musical instruments).

The most interesting trend actively developing in the West is Indian ethnic music for relaxation. Traditional Indian motifs and images are becoming more and more popular every day not only in America, but also in Europe. Songs are performed using a pimak (flute) North American Indians), drums. Interest in traditional African music is also increasing. Instruments - Udu drums, shaker and calabash. In Russia, relaxation music is represented by the sounds of Lake Baikal, Buryat chants, and traditional music of the small peoples of the north.

CHAPTER “Practical justification of the problem”

2.1. Environmental problems in contemporary art

Music of the waves, music of the wind... Music of nature. A person, contemplating the beauty of the world around him, understands that this is art, incomparable to anything. Therefore, only having emerged as a concept, ecology became inextricably linked with creativity. The sea, forests, rocks, flowers, birds - all this becomes a source of inspiration. This is how the genres of environmental art were formed. And environmental song has occupied one of the most significant niches.

The environmental movement of our time is a strong and influential organization. The result of human consumption towards the planet is visible to the naked eye today. The air is polluted, forests are cut down, rivers are poisoned, animals are killed. There is no escape from this, no matter where we live. The consequences of our barbaric attitude towards our home, the Earth, can be felt in every corner of it. Therefore, today the “green” movement is more relevant than ever.

To attract public attention to environmental issues, environmentalists use what it has given them - talents. A new trend in eco-art has emerged, called environmental art photography. Photo exhibitions are held in the largest cities of the world, attracting crowds of people. In the photographs, people see what man has done to the environment, as well as the miraculously preserved beauty of nature, which is extremely important to protect. There are also environmental cinema and environmental painting. Ecology has even burst into fashion. Floral design of clothes made from natural fabrics is very popular.

However, the most soulful aspect of eco-art is the music. Today, many show business stars around the world are promoting a “green” lifestyle. They are creating multi-million dollar funds to save the planet. Artists fill entire stadiums. They are trying to overcome people's indifference, awaken in them a love for nature and a desire to preserve its unique beauty.

The first ones appeared"green" people. These were not always scientists and ecologists. For a person who loves nature, profession is not important. This is what they say about bards.

The ecological direction of the verses of bard songs is undeniable. The lines tell us not only about the beauty of nature, but also about what we have done with it. When you sit in the flickering light of dying charcoal fires, you notice how an eagle owl hoots in the darkness, the wind rustles leaves, a river flows, and a man, hugging a guitar, sings to you about the soul of the forest, with all your heart you want to protect it from intrigues, from axes and conflagrations. After all, this is our home:

"I invite you to the forests"

I'll lead you along the path,

She will relieve your fatigue,

And we'll be young again

We're following her lead

In the evening the pines will sing,

Branches will sway overhead.

And it will seem fragile to us

Our strong city comfort.

(A. Yakusheva)

Of course, bard songs cannot be called propaganda for protecting nature. Many authors did not set themselves this goal. They simply sang about forests, seas, mountains. Deep respect is what the bard's song poems call for. Every person initially has careful attitude to the gifts of the planet, and the bustle and rigidity of the current civilization makes us forget about the craving for harmony with nature. The bard's song naturally awakens this. The creativity of bards today is rightly equated with environmental education. And its founders are Soviet bards. The songs have already become folklore - environmental folklore. Unfortunately, the original song never made it onto the big stage. But this has not lost its charm and relevance. And she has a future.

Bard music, alas, is not understandable to everyone. After all, in order to feel it, you need to renounce the bustle of the world for a few minutes, otherwise we will see something out-of-date and boring.

But there is also more mass environmental music, popular and pop. Mainly foreign. For example,Michael Jackson's environmental anthem "Eath Song"Despite the fact that it is pop, the song is extremely deep, meaningful, and sensual. It can awaken many hearts and open many eyes. We live in a dying world (for lyrics, see APPENDIX).

Here's an excerpt from the song:

The skies are falling down, I can't even breathe.

What about the bleeding Earth, do we feel its wounds?

What about nature itself, this is the bosom of our planet.

What about the animals? We have turned kingdoms to dust.

What about the elephants, have we lost their trust?

What's with the screaming whales? We have devastated the seas.

What about the rainforests that were burned despite our pleas?

What about the holy land being torn apart by different creeds?

In Russia the so-calledenvironmental rock. Was created project "Rock of Clean Water".The leader and author of the idea is none other than Shahrin himself from Chaif. This organization includes about 30 rock bands. Russian rockers also want to change the world for the better and save the planet.

The very idea of ​​​​creating the “Pure Water Rock” project originated in Sverdlovsk in the 90s of the 20th century. It was initiated by rock club musicians led by the leader of the Chaif ​​group, Vladimir Shakhrin. The idea of ​​a grandiose project - Volga-90 - was born. “Rock of Clear Water” headed for the Volga... Never before has the legendary motor ship “Captain Rachkov,” which has seen a lot during its thirty-year service, become a haven for such a diverse public for 18 days.

In addition to numerous musicians, inspired by the opportunity to convey to young people the pain for the dying river, more than seventy environmental scientists, sociologists, activists of the Volga Rescue Committee and journalists joined the joint work. Along the entire route (Gorky - Kazan - Togliatti - Saratov - Astrakhan - Volgograd - Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Cheboksary - Yaroslavl - Moscow), a unique symbiosis of environmental scientists and rock musicians began to emerge. Ecologists examined the condition of the Volga, took water samples and analyzed them in a special ship laboratory, and the musicians enjoyed the harmony between the sky, the river, colleagues and spectators.

More than twenty rock bands supported the charity event: TV, Auction and Nesterov's Loop from Leningrad, Chaif, Nastya, April March and Reflection from Sverdlovsk, SV from Moscow, Te from Irkutsk, KHRONOP from the Pilgrim Theater, Gorky Park, Judas Golovlev from Saratov, Mission anticyclone from Magadan, natives WEEKEND ET WAIKIKI and Ernst Langhout from Holland...

Participants in the “Rock of Clean Water” campaign called on everyone who is not indifferent to the fate of the great Russian river to fight against the construction of environmentally hazardous facilities in the Volga basin, the burial of radioactive waste and toxic chemicals, the construction of the Volga-Don-2 canal...

A lot of rock musicians are becoming vegans. There are hundreds of vegan rock bands. They don’t want to harm animals or the environment. They want to live in peace and harmony with the environment. To be a part of nature, and not its master, who can take from it everything that is possible and give nothing in return. Of course, many people classify vegans as extreme communities. Not everyone considers it normal to refuse even woolen clothing, since it is of animal origin.

There are composers of environmental songs who prefer to arrange their works in a special way. They actively use the sounds of nature: the splashing of waves, the singing of birds, the voice of a dolphin, the rustling of forest leaves, the wind, etc. They perfectly help convey a musical image and a special attitude – harmony with Mother Nature.

Among these musicians is the American Paul Winter, an eco-jazz musician. He is a Grammy Award winner. Critics call his music “truly alive”, “ecological jazz”, “borderline texture of sounds”. Winter's jazz has everything: folk, classical, ethno, etc. But what makes it alive, ecological and unique are the cries of mountain eagles, the howl of northern wolves, etc.

Rock, rap, jazz, folk, ska, etc. Almost all types of music reflect the theme of ecology. Every time a common misfortune happened in the world, it always ended up in works of art. And now, when we stand on the threshold of terrible environmental disasters, music picks up our worries, worries and – HOPE. The mere fact that the concept of environmental music has appeared suggests that there are caring people. And that means a chance.

2.2. Musical images of nature in the works of schoolchildren

Having become acquainted with A. Vivaldi’s cycle “The Seasons”We decided to find out how schoolchildren can display images of nature in musical works in their creativity.

Three groups of second-graders participated in our study (for fragments of the work, see the APPENDIX). Each group listened and drew a certain piece of music: “Summer. Storm", "Winter", "Autumn" ( creative works children, see APPENDIX).

Here are the results we got.

Spring.

All works are full of positive and joyful emotions. The guys mainly use warm, pastel colors. The predominant colors are: green, turquoise, blue, beige, yellow.

I will briefly describe the plots of the works. In her work, Nastya painted a house, flowers, a birch tree and a sun that smiles at everyone. Arina painted trees, bright sun, a girl swinging on a swing and flying rooks. The other depicts a tree, a clearing through which a stream flows. Anya painted flowers growing in a clearing, a stream, the sun, clouds, trees on which birds are sitting. Sonya painted clouds and birch trees on which birds are sitting. Darina painted a tree growing in a clearing, the sun and a bird flying in the air and singing.

Summer. Storm.

Works based on the play “Summer” have a completely different content. Swift, flying emotions are felt in all works. In almost all works we can see a multi-colored whirlwind swirling on the sea with huge waves, and winds blowing around strong wind. A lot of guys use blue and all the bright and dark colors.

I will briefly describe the plots of the works.

In their work, Darina and Sonya drew big waves, which, twisting, fall on a small island in the ocean, it rains, lightning flashes.

Another work depicts two multi-colored whirlwinds, clouds and rain. This work is full of impressive, swift and menacing emotions.

In her work, Anya painted a strong wind, a raging sea and a boat lost in the waves.

In her work, Arina painted a clearing in which a tree grows and a house carried away by a hurricane. Her drawing evokes mixed feelings. This unexpected hurricane in the middle of a beautiful clearing... Arina painted the whole picture with light colors, only the hurricane is painted in dark colors.

At other jobs, everything is mixed. The hurricane almost merges with everything else: the wind, the sea, a steamship visible somewhere, which helps convey the real atmosphere of a thunderstorm and storm. This work uses the most colors.

Winter.

Let us turn to the drawings based on the play “Winter”. In all the drawings the guys use soft, pastel colors. The predominant colors are blue, pink, lilac, and purple.

In her work, Varya painted snowdrifts. There is a sense of joy and coldness in her work. Diana drew snowdrifts along which a boy was sliding on a sled. Her work evokes joyful emotions. Dima drew a tree, snow falling from the sky and a house.

Sasha's work depicts snow falling from the sky and a lonely house. His work causes melancholy and loneliness.

As we can see, what all these works have in common is the mood and emotions of the drawings on a specific topic, but each one draws the plot differently.

CONCLUSION

All writers, composers, artists, as convinced connoisseurs of true beauty, prove that human influence on nature should not be destructive for it, because every meeting with nature is a meeting with beauty, a touch of mystery.

Loving nature means not only enjoying it, but also treating it with care.Man is one with nature. He won't be able to exist without her. The main task of a person is to preserve and increase its wealth. And on at the moment Nature really needs care, so environmental problems are very important in our time. They apply to each of us. Personifying nature, music can make a person think about its fate. Listening to such music, we think about nature and its ecology.

Composers and musicians-performers in their works not only admire, but also make people think, and warn about what an unreasonable consumer attitude towards nature can lead to.

Nature in the works of composers is a reflection of its real sound, the expression of specific images. Nowadays, issues of environmental conservation and interaction between man and nature are especially acute.

Works about nature are an element without which it is difficult to imagine music and literature. From time immemorial, the unique beauties of the planet have served as a source of inspiration for outstanding writers and composers, sung by them in immortal creations. There are stories, poems, musical compositions, which allow you to recharge yourself with the energy of living nature, literally without leaving your own home. Examples of the best of them are given in this article.

Prishvin and his works about nature

Russian literature is rich in stories, novellas, and poems that are an ode to our native land. A striking example of a person who is especially good at writing about nature is Mikhail Prishvin. It's no wonder he earned a reputation as its singer. The writer in his works encourages readers to establish a relationship with her and treat her with love.

An example of his work about nature is “The Pantry of the Sun” - a story that is one of the author’s best creations. The writer in it shows how deep the connection is between people and the world that surrounds them. The descriptions are so good that the reader seems to see with his own eyes the groaning trees, the gloomy swamp, the ripe cranberries.

Tyutchev's creativity

Tyutchev is a great Russian poet, in whose work a huge place is devoted to the beauties of the surrounding world. His works about nature emphasize its diversity, dynamism, and diversity. By describing various phenomena, the author conveys the process of life. Of course, he also has a call to take responsibility for the planet, addressed to all readers.

Tyutchev especially loved the theme of night - the time when the world plunges into darkness. An example is the poem “A curtain fell on the world of day.” A poet in his works can call the night holy or emphasize its chaotic nature - it depends on his mood. The description of the sunbeam, which “perched on the bed”, in his work “Yesterday” is also beautiful.

Pushkin's lyrics

When listing works about the nature of Russian writers, one cannot fail to mention the work of the great Pushkin, for whom it remained a source of inspiration throughout his life. It is enough to recall his poem “Winter Morning” to conjure up the features of this time of year. The author, apparently in an excellent mood, talks about how beautiful the dawn is at this time of year.

A completely different mood conveys it " Winter evening", included in the compulsory school curriculum. In it, Pushkin describes a snowstorm a little gloomily and frighteningly, comparing it to a raging beast, and the oppressive sensations that it causes in him.

Many works about nature by Russian writers are dedicated to autumn. Pushkin, who values ​​this time of year above all else, is no exception, despite the fact that in his famous work“Autumn,” the poet calls it “a sad time,” however, immediately refuting this description with the phrase “the charm of the eyes.”

Works by Bunin

Ivan Bunin’s childhood, as is known from his biography, passed in a small village located in the Oryol province. It is not surprising that even as a child the writer learned to appreciate the delights of nature. His creation “Leaf Fall” is considered one of the best. The author allows readers to smell the trees (pine, oak), see the “painted tower” painted in bright colors, and hear the sounds of foliage. Bunin perfectly shows the characteristic autumn nostalgia for the bygone summer.

Bunin's works about Russian nature are simply a treasure trove of colorful sketches. The most popular of them is “ Antonov apples" The reader will be able to feel the fruity aroma, feel the atmosphere of August with its warm rains, and breathe in the morning freshness. Many of his other creations are permeated with love for Russian nature: “River”, “Evening”, “Sunset”. And in almost every one of them there is a call to readers to appreciate what they have.