Who was buried at the Piskarevsky cemetery after the war. How to find the burial places of relatives killed in the war. New century - new ideas

St. Petersburg is beautiful in every way. However, it is not only the royal palaces, magnificent monuments, museums and other attractions that attract tourists to its streets. Its necropolises are no less interesting. And not even the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, not Novodevichy Cemetery, where many found their last refuge famous people. There is another mournful place in St. Petersburg that many have heard about. This is Piskarevskoye cemetery. A churchyard that does not amaze visitors with an abundance of ancient or rich modern monuments and ornate epitaphs. A necropolis consisting almost exclusively of long hills of mass graves in which buried huge amount those who died during the terrible days of the Leningrad siege. The names of many of them are still unknown, and their memory is perpetuated only by modest monuments - granite slabs on which the year of burial is engraved. And instead of an epitaph there is a hammer and sickle for the townspeople who died of hunger, and a star for the warrior defenders.

To remember and know...

Piskarevskoye cemetery is nothing more than a besieged necropolis. A mournful monument that has become for all the inhabitants of the planet something of a symbol of the courage, fortitude and amazing fortitude of those who defended Leningrad and those who worked in it from last bit of strength in the name of victory, freezing and dying of hunger. Saint Petersburg. Piskarevskoe cemetery. These are all synonyms for the words blockade, death, hunger, honor and glory. And only here, at the Piskarevskoye cemetery, can you literally feel with your skin the full horror of those terrible nine hundred days, when death every second, grinning evilly, could take anyone, regardless of age, gender and position. And to realize how many troubles and misfortunes the Second World War brought, and not only to the siege survivors, but to the whole world.

Story

It must be said that today at school students receive not entirely correct information regarding this necropolis. According to the textbook, the cemetery is large for those killed during the siege and war. The burial time was from one thousand nine hundred forty-one to one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.

But everything is a little different. Leningrad was a huge metropolis even in pre-war times. Nonresidents flocked to the city of Petra no less than to the capital itself. At the end of the thirties, there were no less than three million inhabitants. People got married, had children and died too. Therefore, in 1937, due to a lack of space in the city graveyards, the city executive committee decided to open a new cemetery. The choice fell on Piskarevka - the northern outskirts of Leningrad. Thirty hectares of land began to be prepared for new burials, and the first graves appeared here already in 1939. And in the forties, the Piskarevskoye cemetery became the burial place for those killed during the Finnish War. Even today you can find these individual graves in the northwestern part of the churchyard.

It was like that...

But who could have imagined then that such a terrible day would come when it would be necessary to urgently dig a trench, no, not even dig, but chisel through the frozen ground in order to bury ten thousand and forty-three people at once. This is exactly what the twentieth day of February forty-two became. And, I must say, the dead were still “lucky.” Because sometimes on a huge field covered with snow, which everyone knows today as Piskarevskoye memorial cemetery, for three or even four days the dead lay stacked in piles. And their number sometimes went “off scale” to twenty, or even twenty-five thousand. Terrible days, terrible times. It also happened that along with the dead people waiting their turn, their gravediggers had to be buried - people died right in the cemetery. But someone had to do this work too...

For what?

How could it happen that a modest, almost village cemetery yesterday, today is a monument of world significance? Why was this rural churchyard destined for such a terrible fate? And for what reason, when I hear the words Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, I want to kneel. The reason for this is - terrible war. And those who started it. Moreover, the fate of Leningrad was predetermined already on the twenty-ninth of September forty-one. The “arbiter” of destinies - the “great” Fuhrer - adopted a directive on that day, according to which it was planned to simply wipe the city off the face of the earth. It's simple - blockade, constant shelling, massive bombing. The Nazis, you see, believed that they were not at all interested in the existence of a city like St. Petersburg. He had absolutely no value for them. However, what else could you expect from these non-humans... And who cares about their values...

How many died...

The history of the Leningrad blockade is far from what Soviet propaganda said about it. Yes, this is selfless courage, this is the fight against the enemy, this is boundless love for one’s hometown and one’s Motherland. But first of all, it is horror, death, hunger, which sometimes pushed people to commit terrible crimes. And for some, these desperate years became a time of recovery, some were able to profit from endless human grief, while others lost everything they could - family, children, health. And some are life. The latter numbered 641,803 people. Of these, 420,000 found their final refuge in the mass graves of the Piskarevsky cemetery. Moreover, many were buried without documents. In addition, the defenders of the unbending city also rest in this graveyard. There are 70,000 of them.

After the war

The most terrible years- the forty-first, and then the forty-second - were left behind. In 1943, Leningraders no longer died in the thousands, then the blockade ended, and after it the war. Piskarevskoye cemetery was open for individual burials until the fiftieth year. In those days, as is known, all speeches about total burials were considered seditious. And therefore, of course, the mass laying of wreaths at the Piskarevskoye cemetery was by no means the most popular event. But people did not try to bring flowers to the graves of their loved ones and others. They carried bread... Something that was so lacking in besieged Leningrad. Something that could in due time save the life of each of those remaining in the Piskarevsky land.

Construction of the memorial

Today, every resident of St. Petersburg knows what the Piskarevskoye cemetery is. How to get there? It is enough to ask such a question to anyone you meet to immediately receive a comprehensive answer. IN post-war years the situation was not so clear. And only then was it decided to build a memorial on this mournful land. The project was developed by architects A.V. Vasilyev and E.A. Levinson. Officially, the Piskarevskoye Cemetery memorial was opened in nineteen sixty. The ceremony took place on May 9, on the fifteenth anniversary of the victory over hated fascism. The necropolis was lit and from that moment the laying of flowers at the Piskarevskoye cemetery became official event, which is held in accordance with all holidays dedicated to those events that, in fact, are associated with the war and days of siege. The main ones are the Day of Lifting the Siege and, of course, Victory Day.

What does the necropolis look like today?

In the center of it there is an unusually majestic monument: the Motherland (granite sculpture, the authors of which were Isaeva V.V. and Taurit R.K.) rises above the granite stele. In her hands she holds a garland of oak leaves, braided mourning ribbon. From her figure to her very Eternal Flame there is a funeral alley, the length of which is three hundred meters. It is all planted with red roses. And on both sides of it there are mass graves in which lie those who fought, lived, defended and died for Leningrad.

The same sculptors created all the images that are on the stele: they bowed over the mourning wreaths in grief human figures holding lowered banners in their hands. There are stone pavilions at the entrance to the memorial. They house a museum.

Museum exhibition

In principle, the Piskarevskoye cemetery itself has the status of a museum. There are excursions here every day. As for the exhibition itself, located in the pavilions, unique archival documents are collected here, not only ours, but also German ones. It also contains lists of people who are buried here, although they are, of course, far from complete. In addition, the museum exhibition contains letters from survivors of the siege, their diaries, household items and much more interesting things. For those who would like to find out if any of their relatives or friends who died during the siege are buried in the Piskarevskoye cemetery, a special e-book, into which you can enter the necessary data and obtain information. Which is very convenient, because, although many years have passed since then, the war still reminds us of itself, and not everyone who suffered from it knows exactly which grave to go to in order to bow to their untimely departed loved ones.

What else is there in the necropolis

In the depths of it there are walls with bas-reliefs. On them are carved lines that Olga Berggolts, a poetess who survived all nine hundred days of the siege, dedicated to her city. Behind the bas-reliefs there is a marble pool into which visitors throw coins. Probably in order to return here again and again, to pay tribute to those who died in order to prevent fascism from erasing them from the face of the earth hometown. Mournful and amazing place Piskarevskoe cemetery. You can find out how to get there at the end of the article. There we will provide all the necessary information for tourists. But before that, we need to say a few words about something completely different.

What is missing from the memorial?

If you listen to the reviews of visitors and residents of St. Petersburg themselves, you can come to a disappointing conclusion. Yes, nothing is forgotten. And yes, no one is forgotten. But today, many who come to bow to the graves of the defenders of Leningrad and those killed during the siege note that they lack an atmosphere of peace and tranquility. And almost unanimously they say that a temple needs to be built at the Piskarevskoye cemetery. Yes, such that people of any religion could pray for their own, and not only their dead. For now, at the Piskarevskoye cemetery there is only a small chapel in the name of John the Baptist. In order to somehow overcome the spirit of despair hovering over the graves, sculptures, monuments and fences are not enough.

Piskarevskoye Cemetery: how to get there

How to get to the memorial museum? Its address: St. Petersburg, Piskarevskoye Cemetery, Nepokorennykh Avenue, 72. Buses No. 80, 123 and 128 run from the Muzhestva Metro station. Bus route No. 178 runs from the Akademicheskaya metro station. The final stop is Piskarevskoye Cemetery. How to get to the memorial on holidays? Special buses run from the same “Metro Muzhestva” station these days.

Tourist Information

The memorial is equipped in such a way that people with disabilities can easily get acquainted with both its territory and the museum exhibition.
There is a comfortable hotel not far from the cemetery.
The museum pavilion is open from nine in the morning to six in the evening (daily).
Tours of the cemetery are also offered daily. In winter and autumn from nine in the morning to six in the evening, in summer and spring they are extended until 21:00.
You must sign up for the excursion in advance by calling one of the phone numbers that can be found on the official website of the memorial complex.
On average, the memorial complex is visited by about half a million tourists a year.
Funeral ceremonies are held four times a year.

Memorable dates (laying flowers)

January 27 is the day of the liberation of the city from the fascist blockade.
May 8 - in honor of the next anniversary of the Victory.
June 22 - the day the war began.
September 8 - the day the blockade began.

I haven’t been to the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery for a very long time.

This is the world's largest cemetery for victims of the Second World War. A kind of necropolis. The place is sad and holy.
The memorial is dedicated to the memory of all Leningraders and defenders of the city.

Once upon a time, our family lived in that area and every year we, schoolchildren, were taken there on memorable dates for the hero city of Leningrad to lay flowers at the Motherland monument and on the graves of the city’s defenders.

At that time, these house-districts that are now visible in the background did not yet exist...

On September 29, 1941, a secret document was issued at Hitler's headquarters, which stated:
“The Fuhrer decided to wipe the city of St. Petersburg from the face of the Earth... If, as a result of the situation created in the city, requests for surrender are made, they will be rejected, since the problems of preserving and feeding the population cannot and should not be resolved by us.”

The city was to be destroyed with all its inhabitants.

The blockade is a huge topic... Just some facts.

Bombing and artillery shelling: During the siege, approximately 150,000 shells were fired into the city and over 107,000 incendiary and high-explosive bombs were dropped. As a result, more than 5 million were destroyed square meters area. That is, every third house is in ruins.

Since the beginning of the war, my grandmother began working at a factory that produced shells. They lived with her son, my future dad, then on Fontanka, and my grandmother first left the four-year-old boy at home alone when she left for her shift.

There was more work, we worked seven days a week, and we had less physical strength to move around. And she took the child to the factory with her. Both lived there and slept by the machine. It was getting cold, we needed to take warm clothes. We came to the house, but he was not there...

The hunger of the first blockade autumn-winter decimated people everywhere - on the streets, in enterprises, in apartments. Entire families died out. The food standards introduced under the rationing system began to decline.
From November 20, 1941, as a result of a reduction in bread standards (other products were almost not sold due to their lack), employees, dependents, and children received 125 grams of bread for more than a month; 250 grams - workers, 500 grams - soldiers on the front line.

Mine received less than half a loaf of bread for two people for the whole day. And that's all. Every day just this.

Already in January 1942, all Leningrad cemeteries were simply littered with the bodies of the dead.
It was decided to bury people in a huge wasteland on the northern outskirts of the city. Burials were carried out daily in numbers ranging from three to ten thousand people. They were buried in huge trench graves. In the photo there are huge hills with signs indicating the year of burial. There are the most plates with the numbers 1942.

In addition to flowers, bread and sweets are placed on granite...

In just one day, February 20, 1942, 10,043 people were buried at the Piskarevskoye cemetery.

During the siege in Leningrad, more than a million people died (almost the same number of warriors-defenders of the city died on the battlefields and died in the city’s hospitals). Tens of thousands died during the evacuation.

In 186 mass graves lie 420 thousand city residents who died from hunger, bombing, shelling, and 70 thousand warriors who defended Leningrad.
The cemetery was named after the village of Piskarevka, located nearby at that time.

Now the Piskarevsky complex is not only a cemetery, but also a museum. The museum pavilion is located to the right of the main entrance. The pavilion on the left is the administration building.

The lights in the museum are dimmed and mournful music is playing. Here you can watch photos and newsreels of the siege. They show the documentary “Memories of the Siege” and the film “Siege Album”.

There is also an information kiosk in the museum pavilion, using which you can find the names of people in the electronic catalog of the Books of Memory “Blockade. 1941-1944. Leningrad" (names of Leningrad residents who died in the Siege), "Leningrad 1941-1945" (names of soldiers drafted in Leningrad who died on various fronts of the Great Patriotic War), “They survived the Siege” (names of Leningrad residents who survived the Siege).

A three-hundred-meter central alley stretches from the Eternal Flame to the Motherland monument.

From it to the left and to the right go sad hills of mass graves with slabs, on each of which the year of burial is carved, oak leaves as a symbol of courage and perseverance. The hammer and sickle are on the graves of residents, as in the photographs above, and on the graves of warriors there is a five-pointed star.

There are also about 6 thousand individual military graves.

Just boys... Ivan Ivanovich.

Graves are not only military ones...

A faded photograph, half-erased words: “Mother of a soldier, you were an ordinary soldier of the hero city. Kolya.”

Who was this Kolya.. Son? It’s unlikely, I think... My son’s fellow soldier, his friend? Kolya is probably no longer alive either... No one is taking care of the grave.

And here, after the first and last name of the deceased, it is written in parentheses - “Sanitary train”.

The sailors of the cruiser "Kirov" are buried at the Piskarevskoye cemetery.

The participation of the cruiser "Kirov" in the defense of Tallinn allowed the troops retreating from the Baltic States to gain a foothold on the defense line and delay the German attack on Leningrad for a considerable time.

The Military Council of the Baltic Fleet, members of the Council of Ministers of the Estonian SSR, the valuables of the Estonian State Bank and the Red Banner of the Baltic Fleet were evacuated from Tallinn to Kronstadt.

Then the cruiser fired artillery from Kronstadt.

Almost every day the cruiser was attacked by enemy aircraft and received several hits from aerial bombs. Anti-aircraft gunners shot down three enemy planes. Then the cruiser was in Leningrad, from where it continued to fire at the enemy from a position on the Neva.

As a result of the German operations "Aisstoss" and "Götz von Berlichingen" in April - May 1942, the cruiser received 4 direct bomb hits and one artillery hit (not counting close explosions). A strong fire broke out, including in the artillery magazines, some of which had to be flooded to avoid an explosion. Many superstructures, the ship's reserve command post, and part of the premises and pipelines were damaged. 86 people were killed on the cruiser, 46 were injured.

On February 27, 1943, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the cruiser Kirov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command in the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage shown by its personnel.

Along eastern border The cemetery has a Memory Alley.
In memory of the defenders of Leningrad, memorial plaques from cities and regions of our country, the CIS and foreign countries, as well as organizations that worked in the besieged city.

I arrived at the Piskarevsky memorial in the evening and thought that before the closing there would be few people. But I was wrong. Even when I left, which was just after nine, people were still coming to honor the memory of the fallen. Some people have relatives here forever.

Near the monument to the Motherland there are a lot of wreaths... From everyone.

Consulate General of Germany,

Thailand, Yamalo-Nenets District of Russia, Finland...

Australia, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, South Ossetia...

Organizations: factories, FSB, mosque, church...

People carried and carried flowers...

Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery is a mournful monument to the victims of the Great Patriotic War, a witness to a universal tragedy and a place of universal worship. The memorial is dedicated to the memory of all Leningraders and defenders of the city. People sacredly remember the heroes of the defense of Leningrad, and the lines from Olga Berggolts’ epitaph “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten”, the memorable text on the friezes of the pavilions “To you, our selfless defenders...” by Mikhail Dudin are confirmation of this.

At the site of mass graves of residents besieged Leningrad and warrior-defenders of the city in the period from 1945 to 1960 according to the design of architects A.V. Vasiliev and E.A. Levinson, a memorial complex was erected.

The grand opening of the memorial complex took place on May 9, 1960. Every year on memorable dates (January 27, May 8, June 22 and September 8) ceremonies of laying wreaths and flowers at the Motherland monument are held here.

In April 1961, the Resolution was approved: “... to consider the Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery as the main monument to the heroes who gave their lives for the happiness, freedom and independence of our Motherland...”. The same Resolution obliged the City Tour Bureau to include a visit to the memorial in its routes, and State Museum history of Leningrad was tasked with creating museum exhibition and place it on the first floors of two pavilions. The exhibition was supposed to reflect the criminal plans of the Hitlerite command to destroy Leningrad, the difficult living conditions of Leningraders during the 900-day siege of the city, their courage, heroism, resilience, victory over the enemy, and the defeat of the Nazi troops near Leningrad. The exhibition was updated periodically. Today it occupies the first floor of the right pavilion. As before, the main focus of the exhibition is documentary photographs.

In the museum you can get acquainted with photographs and newsreels of the siege - during the day there is a screening of the films "Memories of the Siege" and "City under Siege", mounted in 1990 at the Leningrad studio documentaries from fragments filmed by military cameramen in besieged Leningrad at the risk of their lives, as well as Sergei Larenkov’s film “Siege Album” (See the section in the left menu).

In the museum pavilion there is an information kiosk, with which visitors can search the electronic catalog of the Books of Memory "Siege. 1941-1944. Leningrad" (names of Leningrad residents who died during the siege), "Leningrad. 1941-1945" (names of soldiers called up in Leningrad, who died on various fronts of the Great Patriotic War), “They survived the siege. Leningrad” (names of Leningrad residents who survived the siege).

The eternal flame on the upper terrace of the Piskarevsky memorial burns in memory of all the victims of the blockade and the heroic defenders of the city. The three-hundred-meter Central Alley stretches from the Eternal Flame to the Motherland monument. Red roses are planted along the entire length of the alley. From them to the left and to the right go sad hills of mass graves with slabs, on each of which the year of burial is carved, oak leaves are a symbol of courage and perseverance, a sickle and hammer are on the graves of residents, a five-pointed star is on the graves of soldiers, and the grave number is stamped on the side of the slab. In mass graves rest 420 thousand residents of Leningrad who died from hunger, cold, disease, bombing and artillery shelling, as well as 70 thousand soldiers - defenders of Leningrad. There are also about 6 thousand individual military graves at the memorial.

The figure of “Motherland” (sculptors V.V. Isaeva and R.K. Taurit) on a high pedestal is clearly legible against the backdrop of the endless sky. Her pose and bearing express strict solemnity; in her hands is a garland of oak leaves braided with a mourning ribbon. It seems that the “Mother Motherland”, in whose name people sacrificed themselves, slowly and solemnly marches to the graves of her sons and daughters to lay a funeral garland on them.

A memorial wall-stele completes the ensemble. In the thickness of the granite there are 6 reliefs reproducing episodes of the heroic life of Leningraders during the days of the siege. Sculptors B.E. Kaplyansky, A.L. Malakhin, M.A. Vainman and Kharlamova M.M. managed to reflect the self-sacrifice and cohesion, heroism and perseverance of the defenders of the besieged city, to create a monolithic unity in which sailors, soldiers, workers and the civilian population of the city stood shoulder to shoulder . On the side sections of the stele relief images of mourning banners at half-mast - symbols of eternal sadness . Its end parts are decorated with large wreaths woven from oak branches. Inside the wreaths are lowered torches with escaping flames - a symbol of extinct life. On the left and right, a soldier and a woman, a worker and a sailor, knelt down, paying their last respects to the dead.

In the center of the stele are the words of the epitaph of the poetess O.F. Bergholz, which sound like a hymn to the unconquered Leningrad. The line “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten” has particular power.

Along the eastern border of the cemetery there is a Memory Alley. In memory of the defenders of Leningrad, memorial plaques from cities and regions of our country, CIS countries and foreign countries, as well as organizations that worked in the besieged city, were installed on it.

An important role in the artistic appearance of the memorial ensemble, enhancing the overall impression of artistic unity, is played by large and small ponds, a pergola, a white marble pool, stone benches, obelisks on the upper terrace, granite rosettes with spillways in the span of arches of the retaining wall, a fence with cast iron grating, gates - the artistic design of which includes branches with stems down, which symbolizes a bygone, extinct life .

About 46 species of trees and shrubs are planted on the territory of the complex. The sad and solemn works of domestic and foreign composers sound over the memorial as an eternal reminder of the harsh times of the siege.

The Piskarevsky Memorial Ensemble is a unique composition where architecture, sculpture, poetry and music are fused together.

For the first time (and for a long time- the only one) I was in this cemetery in my distant childhood. This was probably a standard item in the program back then. schooling- take students to this memorial cemetery at least once. My relatives, who died during the blockade, lie in another cemetery - Volkovsky, Orthodox, so I “forgot” about Piskarevka for a long time. However, in the spring of this year, I decided to visit this cemetery again - to refresh my memories, so to speak. I’ll just leave here a few photos (with the weather, according to tradition, “lucky”), with brief explanations.

1. A memorial stone indicating the year of burial in a mass grave:

Construction of the memorial began in 1956, and it was opened on May 9, 1960, on the 15th anniversary of the victory.
I will briefly show the main objects of the memorial.

2. Figure "Mother Motherland", with a wreath for the fallen:

3. Memorial wall-stele made of granite:

4. Individual burials:

7. The eternal flame on the upper terrace in the sights of soldiers from the propaganda front:

8. And here are the other fighters, preparing to enter the cemetery and protect it from the Maidan (I’m not joking). On the right is one of two museum pavilions:

9. The Central Alley leads from the Eternal Flame to the Motherland monument:

Enough scary place- if you think about how many people who died violent deaths are buried here.
According to data from the official website of the memorial, about 500 thousand people are buried in this cemetery (420 thousand residents of Leningrad and 70 thousand of its defenders, all in mass graves, plus about 6 thousand individual military graves).

10. Cadets help clean up mass graves:

In total, during the years of the blockade, according to various estimates, from 632 thousand to 1.4 million civilians died. The smaller figure is data provided during the Nuremberg trials, the larger figure includes an estimate of the number of victims among unidentified residents, people who died during the evacuation and in it, as well as refugees from the city who found themselves in the city. Leningrad region and the Baltic states. I consider the most balanced estimate of the number of dead and dead to be 800 thousand - 1 million people.
It should be admitted that there are also “urban madmen” who claim that the true number of civilian casualties (“maximum 100,000 people”) was inflated by Khrushchev and other liberals.

11. On the right side of the cemetery there is a Memory Alley. The only cross in this cemetery that caught my eye:

After visiting the Piskarevsky memorial, I learned that in 2002, next to the cemetery, a wooden chapel was consecrated in the name of the Beheading of John the Baptist.

On the alley there are memorial plaques from cities, regions of Russia and other countries, as well as organizations that worked in the besieged city. Somehow this reminded me of the plates with the names of sponsors in the newly built Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.