The name of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation. What is interesting to know about the small indigenous peoples of Russia Peoples included in the unified list of indigenous peoples

Indigenous Minority Peoples of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Unified List), prepared by the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of proposals from government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the territories of which these peoples live.

Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Kamchatka region

Republic of Karelia, Leningrad region, Vologda region

Leningrad region

Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Kamchatka Territory, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Tyumen region, Sverdlovsk region, Komi Republic

Khabarovsk Territory, Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin Region

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, areas of the Arkhangelsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic

Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Region

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Tyumen region, Tomsk region, Komi Republic

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Tomsk region, Krasnoyarsk region

Kemerovo region, Republic of Khakassia, Republic of Altai

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Sakhalin Region, Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk region, Transbaikal region, Tomsk region, Tyumen region

Krasnoyarsk region

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Judicial practice and legislation - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2000 N 255 (as amended on August 25, 2015) "On the Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation"

2. The effect of this Procedure extends to persons belonging to small-numbered peoples and their communities in places of traditional residence in accordance with the Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2000 N 255 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 14, Art. 1493, 2000, N 41, Art. 4081, 2008, N 42, Art. 4831), List of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 17, 2006 No. 536-r (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, No. 17 (Part II), Art. 1905).

The territory where the indigenous peoples of Russia live runs along 28 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It stretches from the Far Eastern regions up to

According to the official list from 2006, in the North, in Siberia, on Far East and in other regions of the Russian Federation live representatives of 45 indigenous peoples, which gives a total population close to 250 thousand people.

The most numerous people among them are the Nenets, their number reaches 44 thousand. The Enets, who identify themselves under the name Encho, are among the small peoples. Their number does not exceed 200 people. Also included are the Izhorians - 450 people, and the Vod people, whose number, according to the latest data, was less than 100 people. What are the names of the other small peoples of Russia? A list of them can be seen below.

List of small peoples of Russia

• Chukchi.
• Eskimos.
• Chuvans.
• Kamchadal.
• Koryaks.
• Alutorians.
• Aleuts.
• Nivkhi.
• Oroks.
• Orochi.
• Udege people.
• Negidalians.
• Ulchi.
• Evenks.
• Evens.
• Yukaghirs.
• Dolgans.
• Abazins.
• Chum salmon.
• Veps.
• Izhorians.
• Nenets.
• Igelmens.
• Sami.
• Chulym people.
• Shors.
• Khanty.
• Besermyane.
• Koreki.
• Muncie.
• Sepkupa.
• Soyots.
• Basins.
• Teleuts.
• Tofalars.
• Tuvinians-Todzha.
• Kumandins.
• Nanai people.
• Nagaibaki.
• Naganasans.
• Tubalars.
• Nganasans.
• Chelkans.
• Karelians.
• Vod.

Traditional worldview of the indigenous peoples of the North

Traditionally, the Evens, like other indigenous peoples of Russia, deify the sky with all the main luminaries, as well as the main elements of the surrounding flora and fauna - mountain ranges, rivers, taiga forests and the various animals that live in them. So, for example, the Sun in the traditional consciousness of the Evens is represented kind person fully committed to the interests and protection of the local population. The Sun God can be induced to cooperate through sacrifices as well as faith and prayer. The deity is capable of fulfilling the will of believers, giving them healthy and strong offspring, increasing herds of deer, bringing good luck to hunters and favoring the fish catch.

Izhora

Izhora is the self-name of the Finno-Ugric people, which in the past, along with the small Vod people, made up the main population of the Izhora land. The name of this people has its roots in the Ingermanland province. In addition, some Izhorians call themselves plural"karyalaysht". This is consistent with the fact that representatives of the Vod people refer to the Izhorians as “Karelians.”

In 1897, the number of this people reached 14,000 people, but today their number is close to 400. In the 1920s, they even developed their own written language, but it also had to sink into oblivion by the end of the 1930s.

The Izhorians received their first mention as “Ingres” back in 1223. In the 15th century, this people was part of the Russian state. He gradually underwent assimilation with the rest of the population due to the Orthodox religion. In the 17th century, part of the lands of the Neva (Ingermanland) became a Swedish province, and the Izhorians were assimilated with the Finns, and in 1943 the population was taken by German troops to Finland. Subsequently, until the mid-1950s, the process of resettlement of Izhorians in their former places underwent some restrictions on the part of the authorities.

The economy of the Izhorians is similar to the Russian one and is based on agriculture: growing vegetable and grain crops, followed by harvesting, drying and threshing with flails and upholstery on a bench, as well as animal husbandry and specific fishing, which includes stages of winter fishing, to which the Izhorians went as usually the entire population, spending nights in plank booths.

The Izhorians lived in villages, usually in small families. Despite Orthodoxy, the people had their own authentic funeral rituals. Burials took place in holy places-groves. Along with the deceased, a supply of food and woolen reins, as well as a knife, were placed in the coffin.

Huge cultural value represents the runic heritage of Izhora in the form of a large number epic works. Thus, the Finnish folklorist Elias Lennorot used Izhora runes when composing the text of the Kalevala.

Vod

The smallest people in Russia currently number only 82 people and live mainly in the southwestern part of the Leningrad region. Vod belongs to the Finno-Ugric peoples. There are three languages ​​spoken by the population: Vodian, Izhorian and Russian. The language closest to the Vodian dialect is Estonian. The main and traditional occupation of this small people was agriculture, as well as forestry, fishing and small handicrafts. The products obtained on the farm were usually sold to large centers such as St. Petersburg.

The smallest people in Russia were unable to preserve their original language. This was prevented not only by the arrival of Orthodoxy (sermons were conducted in Russian), but also by the irregularity of the language, the lack of schools in which the written Vodian language would be taught, the small number of people and many mixed marriages. Thus, the Vod language was practically lost, and the culture of the Vod people succumbed to Russification.

Since ancient times, the vast territories of the Russian Federation have been inhabited by many peoples, tribes and settlements. Each of them had its own individual culture, characteristic dialect and local traditions. Today, some of them have completely disappeared, while others remain, but in smaller numbers. What are the smallest peoples of Russia? What is their history, culture and modern life? This will be discussed further.

Archintsy - small in number, but unique

In the Charodinsky district, in the place where the Khatar River flows, which is located on the territory of Dagestan, a settlement has been established, the inhabitants of which are called Archintsy. Some of their neighbors call them archie for short. During Soviet Union their number reached almost 500 people. These are the small peoples of Russia. Today, this small settlement has no intention of disappearing from the face of the Earth, and already numbers about 1,200 people.

Daily life of Archa residents

The weather conditions in the habitat of the Archin people can be called unfavorable, since they are characterized by very cold and long winters, short summer. Despite such a harsh climate, the inhabitants of this area (small peoples of Russia) have fairly good and productive pastures, on which livestock regularly grazed.

A cross between Christianity and paganism

A peculiarity of this people is their cultural similarity with their neighbors - the Avars. Although this area has not been thoroughly studied, from an archaeological point of view, it is safe to say that this territory was developed in early era bronze Judging by the latest finds, it can be assumed that the tribe was under the influence of paganism for quite a long time and only relatively recently began to adopt Christian traditions as the main religion. As a result, we can say that the lion's share of rituals and other religious aspects were mixed with each other, and the result was Christianity with an admixture of paganism. The indigenous peoples of Russia have come to terms with this state of affairs.

National clothes and food

ABOUT traditional clothes little can be said about the tribe. It consisted mainly of rawhide and sheep skins. Such natural materials They protected the Archa residents quite well during the cold season, which, as we know, was quite long. The tribe's diet is predominantly meat. Raw, dried, raw smoked - all these and many other types of meat were actively used in the preparation of traditional dishes.
It is noteworthy that almost none of them could be done without adding old lamb fat. Both first and second courses were generously seasoned with it and some other spices. In general, we can say with confidence that the Archin people are a pleasant and hospitable, although not numerous, people.

Hospitality and morality

They revere ancient traditions and do not forget their origins. When a guest comes to the house, the owner does not sit down until the newcomer does so. Also, among the Archin people, the concept of hospitality was not limited to a hearty lunch. To receive a guest in the full sense of the word meant to provide him with a roof over his head and complete safety within his home. From the above we can safely conclude that this tribe had and has high moral standards.

Nogai or Karagash

Karagashi (Nogais) are a small ethnic group that settled and lives in the territory of the modern Astrakhan region. In 2008, there were about 8 thousand people, but there are suggestions that today their number has increased significantly. It is on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk region that most of the villages where these small peoples of Russia live today are located.

Most small or nomadic tribes are very similar in their type of activity - cattle breeding and vegetable growing. If there is a lake or river in the area, local residents Don't miss the opportunity to go fishing. Women in such tribes are very economical and almost always do some kind of intricate needlework.
One of the most famous nomadic tribes are the Astrakhan Tatars. This is truly the titular nationality of the Republic of Tatarstan, which today is part of the Russian Federation. Compared to other regions of Russia, Tatarstan is relatively populous. According to some data recorded in 2002, there are about 8 million Tatars worldwide. The Astrakhan Tatars are one of their, so to speak, varieties. They can rather be called an ethnoterritorial group. Their culture and traditions are not far removed from ordinary Tatar customs, and are only slightly intertwined with Russian rituals. These are the costs of the fact that the smallest people in Russia live on the territory of a not entirely native state.

Udege people. Historically, Primorsk became the habitat of this small tribe. This is one of the few groups inhabiting Russia that does not have its own written language.
Their language is also divided into many dialects and does not have one officially approved form. Their traditional activities include hunting. This, perhaps, is exactly what the male half of the tribe should master perfectly. The small peoples of the north of Russia live in settlements where civilization is very poorly developed, so their hands, their skills and abilities are practically the only way to survive in this world. And they are quite successful at it.

The small peoples of Russia have their own traditional religion

The religious themes of the tribe are very close. It seems that what closer person lives towards nature, the more religious he becomes. And this is true, because alone with the sky, grass and trees, it seems that God himself is talking to you. The Udege people believe in many different otherworldly beings, including spirits and various supernatural forces.

A few Ulchi and their view of nomadic life

Ulchi. Translated, it means “people of the earth”, which, in fact, is so, only the people are very small, one might even say - the smallest people in Russia. Today the Ulchi inhabit the Khabarovsk Territory and number approximately 732 people. The tribe is historically intertwined with ethnic group Nanai people Traditionally, both in the past and in the present, the indigenous peoples of the north of Russia are engaged in fishing and seasonal hunting of elk or deer. If we talk about spiritual and religious life, then we can understand that it is in this area that one can meet the most real ritual shamans in the Ulchi tribe.

They worship spirits and try in every possible way to appease them with their behavior. Be that as it may, it is pleasant that such tribes with their ancient customs, rituals and traditions have reached even our civilized modernity. This makes it possible to experience their primitive flavor and uniqueness. There is a lot to learn from them about nature and human relationships.

Other small peoples of Russia (approximate list):

• yugi (yugen);
• Urum Greeks (Urum);
• Mennonites (German Mennonites);
• kereks;
• Bagulals (Bagvalians);
• Circassians;
• Kaitag people.

A small indigenous population is from 0 to 50,000 people. Officially, there are 47 of them throughout the country, except Dagestan. As the most multinational subject of the Federation, the State Council of the Republic itself determines the characteristics of the peoples living on its territory.

Chum salmon. The smallest people - only four people. Ket language is the last living representative of the Yenisei language language family. The last related dialects disappeared at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries along with their speakers.

North of Krasnoyarsk Territory

Hunting and fishing

Nenets(“real person”). The most numerous of the small nations - 44,640 representatives.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Arkhangelsk Region

Reindeer husbandry

Nivkhi(4652 people). It is assumed that their related peoples live in Polynesia. And the culture originated in Japan, from where its carriers were expelled in the 7th century. Writers Vladimir Sangi, Chingiz Aitmatov, Gennady Gor spoke about the Nivkhs...

Amur region and Sakhalin

Fishing

Sami- (1,771 people live in Russia). They are Laplanders, Lapps. Residents of Lapland - a territory divided between Russia and the Scandinavian countries. They have a distinct national identity, an alphabet (Latin alphabet), a flag and anthem, and their rights are represented by elected representative bodies of cultural self-government. American actress Renee Zellweger is Norwegian Sami on her mother's side.

Kola Peninsula

reindeer husbandry, fishing, sea and land hunting

Yukaghirs(1597 people) - a people on the verge of extinction. The expedition, which took place in 2011, did not reveal a single Yukaghir in the third generation; representatives of the older generation do not remember Yukaghir fairy tales, although they know the names of the characters. Only six native speakers were identified.

Northern Yakutia, western Chukotka, Magadan region

Reindeer husbandry

Teleuts(2,643 people). Richest and ancient history: in 391 they were conquered by the Tubgachams, in 403 by the Rourans, in the 280s the Teleuts took Gaochian and ravaged Yuebani, created the state of Gaogyui allied with the Chinese, which was soon destroyed by the Hephthalites, in 550 they were conquered by the Turkuts...

Kemerovo region

Agriculture

Abazins(43,341 people - the second largest among small nations after the Nenets). Historic homeland is the territory of modern Abkhazia. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC) in his map ancient world in the list of peoples who lived along the banks of the Pontus Euxine, he mentioned the Abasags. In the 1st century, according to church tradition, the Apostle Andrew preached among the mountain peoples of the Alans, Abazgs and Zikhs. In 1073, Abaza icon painters and jewelry makers participated in the painting of the Cathedral of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra.

Karachay-Cherkessia

Agriculture

Chukchi(15,908 people). A very warlike tribe - in their kayaks they terrorized not only their neighbors, but also swam to what is now Alaska and Canada. They resisted Russian occupation for almost a century and a half. They managed to appease them only with economic preferences.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Reindeer husbandry, fishing

Alyutorians(0 people). According to the 2002 All-Russian Population Census, there were 12 of them. In the 2010 census, the Alyutors are not even mentioned as a subethnic group. It is not known whether there are native speakers left.

North of Kamchatka Territory

Reindeer husbandry, fishing, sea slaughter

Vod(64 people). A people close to complete extinction. Today its representatives live only in the village of Ust-Luga (a port will be built here), the villages of Krakolie (the construction plan involves its demolition) and Luzhitsy (it will be in an industrial zone). The port development plan provides for the resettlement of residents in the cities of the Leningrad region, which will completely destroy the water culture.

Leningrad region

Dolgan(7885 people) - the northernmost Turkic-speaking people in the world.

Taimyr

Reindeer husbandry

Nganasans(862 people). Most northern people Eurasia. In 1940-1960 they decided to make them settled, for which several villages were built. Today, only about a hundred people live semi-sedentarily at hunting and fishing “points”.

East Taimyr

Hunting, fishing

Soyots(3608 people). This people was the last to receive their written language. It was developed only in 2001 to revive the Soyot language. In 2003, the Soyot-Buryat-Russian Dictionary was published. Since 2005, the gradual introduction of language teaching into primary school Soyot schools of the Okinsky district of Buryatia.

Buryatia

Reindeer and yak husbandry

RESOLUTION
Government of the Russian Federation

March 24, 2000 No. 255 "On a unified list of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation"

In pursuance Federal Law"On guarantees of the rights of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation" The Government of the Russian Federation decides:
1. Approve the attached Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Unified List), prepared by the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of proposals from government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the territories of which these peoples live.
2. The Government of the Republic of Dagestan should prepare and submit to the State Council of the Republic of Dagestan proposals on indigenous peoples living on the territory of the Republic for their subsequent inclusion in the Unified List.
3. Establish that changes and additions to the Unified List are introduced by the Government of the Russian Federation at the proposal of the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of submissions from government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the territories of which indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation live.
4. Subclause 20 of clause 5 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2000 No. 45 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 4, Art. 397), shall be stated as follows:
“20) maintaining the federal register of municipalities, the register of national-cultural autonomies, the state register of Cossack societies of the Russian Federation and the Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation.”

Chairman of the Government
Russian Federation V. Putin

APPROVED
Government resolution
Russian Federation
dated March 24, 2000
N 255

SINGLE LIST
indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation

Name of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation	Names of the subjects of the Russian Federation in whose territories indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation live
	Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Alyutorians	Koryak Autonomous Okrug
Besermyane	Udmurt Republic
	Republic of Karelia, Leningrad region
	Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug, regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
	Leningrad region
Itelmens	Koryak Autonomous Okrug, districts of Kamchatka region, Magadan region
Kamchadal	districts of Kamchatka region, Koryak Autonomous Okrug
	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
	Krasnoyarsk region
	Koryak Autonomous Okrug, districts of Kamchatka region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan region
Kumandins	Altai region, Altai Republic, Kemerovo region
	Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Tyumen region, Sverdlovsk region, Komi Republic
Nagaibaki	Chelyabinsk region
	Khabarovsk Territory, Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin Region
Nganasans	Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug, regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Negidalians	Khabarovsk region
	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Arkhangelsk Region, Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic
	Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Region
Oroks (ultimate)	Sakhalin region
	Khabarovsk region
	Murmansk region
Selkups	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Tyumen region, Tomsk region, Krasnoyarsk region
	Republic of Buryatia
	Primorsky Krai
Telengits	Altai Republic
	Kemerovo region
Tofalar	Irkutsk region
Tubalars	Altai Republic
Tuvans-Todzhas	Republic of Tyva
Udege people	Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory
	Khabarovsk region
	Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, areas of the Tyumen region, Tomsk region, Komi Republic
Chelkans	Altai Republic
	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region
	Tomsk region, Krasnoyarsk region
	Krasnodar region
	Kemerovo region, Republic of Khakassia, Republic of Altai
	Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Evenki Autonomous Okrug, regions of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Sakhalin Region, Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk Region, Chita Region, Tomsk Region, Tyumen Region
	Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Khabarovsk Territory, Magadan Region, Chukotka Autonomous District, Koryak Autonomous District, areas of the Kamchatka Region
	Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug
Eskimos	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Koryak Autonomous Okrug
	Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan region

Note. The names of the subjects of the Russian Federation are given line by line, in descending order of the number of each people living in the corresponding territories.