Direction of experience and errors, methodological recommendations for preparation. Is it possible to learn from other people's mistakes? About love experience and mistakes

Size: px

Start showing from the page:

Transcript

1 Direction “EXPERIENCE AND ERRORS” Guidelines for preparing for writing final essay

2 Official comment Within the framework of the direction, discussions about the value of spiritual and practical experience are possible individual, the people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the way to understanding the world and gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

3 Methodological recommendations “Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. Literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high.

4 Speaking about the mistakes made by heroes, it should be noted that it is incorrect decision made, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the fate of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

5 Aphorisms and sayings famous people One should not be timid for fear of making mistakes, the most big mistake- this is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target. Aristotle In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper

6 He who thinks that he will not make mistakes if others think for him is deeply mistaken. Aurelius Markov We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld Make the most of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein

7 Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing It is easier to find an error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper

8 As support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works.

9 F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion.

10 M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Heroes are so different works They are making a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry, believing that she is “burying him alive,” but the opposite happens: he returns, and the family dies. This is a loss for him terrible grief, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then!”

11 Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.” But Nastya calms herself with the words: “Since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, while organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about the only thing loved one. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person”, the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”

12 M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu., also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is energetic, smart man, but he cannot find application for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.

13 Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them; his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding of what he is destroying human lives(“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers,” Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, thereby making himself unhappy.

14 L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov.

15 M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don" Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people and forces them to evaluate their mistakes in life, we can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “my hands need to plow.” Home and family are valuable. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise from life experience understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.

16 M.A. Bulgakov " Heart of a Dog" If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing a phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called completely successful. From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences.

17 Having analyzed his mistake, the professor understands that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: Old donkey... This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge. Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.

18 V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.

19 For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family. And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but first of all because for these amenities they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots.

20 In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people XXI century.

21 SOURCES notebook sheets sch&sa=x&ved=0ahukewjo5t7kkkdpahxkeywkhc7sb- IQ_AUICSgC&biw=1352&bih=601#newwindow=1&tbm=isch&q=%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8D+%D0%B B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0% BE %D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF&imgrc=QhIRugc5LIJ5EM%3A compass NnLSuuXI/AAAAAAAAAGPA/28bVRUfkvKg/s1600/essay-clipart _04a.jpg student of the book Methodological recommendations for preparing to write a final essay in the 2016/2017 academic year for Russian teachers language and literature Stavropol, p. Compiler of the presentation, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU Secondary School 8, Mozdok, North Ossetia-Alania Pogrebnyak N.M.

Official comment: “Experience and mistakes” Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path of knowledge

An essay on the topic of the fate of man in an inhuman world, an essay in the direction of Topics this direction orient students to war, the influence of war on the fate of a person and a country, about moral choice

1 Final essay 1 FINAL ESSAY (OUTLINE) First prerequisite participation in the Unified State Exam for current year graduates is the final essay (presentation), which is the starting point

An essay on the topic of my favorite literary hero Andrei Bolkonsky Olga Vasilievna Kuznetsova, teacher of Russian language and literature. Natasha Rostova and Maria Bolkonskaya are Tolstoy's favorite heroines with Marya and

Essay on the fate of the heroes in the novel The White Guard Essay on the work: White Guard/ Author: M.A. Bulgakov/ Only unique There were none in the era of revolution and civil war a man whose fate did not come

Materials for an essay in the direction “Year of Literature in Russia” The direction is like a magic wand: if you don’t know Russian classical literature write in this direction. That is, you can at least

FINAL ESSAY 2017/2018. THEMATIC DIRECTION “LOYALTY AND TREASON”. Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about fidelity and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering

An essay on understanding goodness and truth in a play at the bottom. Greatness is not where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth, the writer argued. M. Gorky tried to answer this question in his play At the Lower Depths. In addition to the ability to delve

Why did Raskolnikov come to Sonya after the murder? It was in such conditions that Raskolnikov’s idea about the right of the strong could have been born. Why after the murder of the old woman and Lizaveta Sonya Marmeladova So

“Reading the soul movement” Story by V. Oseeva “Grandma” 03/11/2015 Library of MAOU Lyceum 23 of Kaliningrad Galina Kozlovskaya “Reading the soul movement” Whatever the writer talks about in the book, he talks about a person,

An essay on the topic of the rights or guilt of schismatics. But the fact that a person cannot help but sin, and therefore is guilty before God, is more or less self-evident. could he have portrayed Raskolnikov so convincingly?

DIRECTION 3. GOALS and MEANS Commentary from FIPI specialists The concepts in this direction are interconnected and allow you to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, and the ability to

Essay reasoning based on Paustovsky's text Katerina Ivanovna WORKS-2 Paustovsky's text is a story about just such people. Katerina Ivanovna, the heroine of the story, is alone in this world. In reasoning

Materials for an essay in the direction of “Home” (based on L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”): home, sweet home What a pity that this novel evokes fear in you, my friends, by its very appearance! Great novel of the great

I wish my grandfather was a veteran of that war. And he always told his war stories. I wish my grandmother was a labor veteran. And she told her grandchildren how difficult it was for them then. But we

The problem of faith as a manifestation of a person’s moral fortitude essay Problem moral choice a person in an extreme life situation. The problem of people being rude to each other

Direction "Reason and Feelings" methodological recommendations in preparation for writing the final essay OFFICIAL COMMENT The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as two most important components

Essay topics on literature II half of the 19th century century. 1. Images of tyrant merchants in A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm.” 2. a) Heartwarming drama Katerina. (Based on the play “The Thunderstorm” by A. N. Ostrovsky.) b) The theme of “small

What does Tolstoy value in people in the novel War and Peace essay The great Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is considered to be This type of work is considered War and Peace, known throughout the world. value

An essay on the topic of problems and lessons of literature of the 20th century. In 1940, they wrote essays on the topic Why I love the leader of nations, that the Unified State Exam should take into account knowledge of literature and history, and an essay on this If a child

APPROVED Order of the Minister of Education of the Republic of Belarus 12/03/2018 836 Tickets for an external examination when mastering the content educational program secondary education according to academic

An essay on what Oblomov’s novel made me think about. And the last pages of the novel made me think: Zakhar turned out to be. This lazy Oblomov really annoyed me. I wrote essays. essay on liter-

Virtual book exhibition libraries BPOU UR "Glaaovsky Technical College" N. M. Karamzin " Poor Lisa"(1792) The story became a model of Russian sentimental literature. In contrast to classicism

An essay on the topic of the hero of time in the play The Cherry Orchard. Chekhov's innovative views in the play. Cherry Orchard. The essay in it is about the funny ghosts of the old time about Gaev, Ranevskaya, built on the struggle

An essay on the topic of Raskolnikov’s idea and its verification. Essays based on the work of Dostoevsky F.M. Crime and Punishment Raskolnikov's idea and its downfall (based on the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky. Raskolnikov lives

Cool hour. We are all different, but we have more in common. Author: Alekseeva Irina Viktorovna, history and social studies teacher This class hour is built in the form of a dialogue. At the beginning class hour the guys sit down

Final essay on literature in 11th grade Date of writing and retake, location Graduates will write the final essay on the first Wednesday of December in their schools on topics developed by Rosobrnadzor

Essay on the topic artistic originality novel The Quiet Don The world-renowned novel Quiet Don is an epic, and it (more than 700) is defined genre originality Sholokhov's novel. Not seeing yet

Essay on what Tolstoy’s favorite characters see as the meaning of life. The search for the meaning of life by the main characters of the novel War and Peace. My favorite hero in the novel War and Peace * For the first time Tolstoy introduces us to Andrey Read the essay

Essay on the topic of the most important qualities of a person. Main tabs. Essay on the topic Why am I proud to be a Russian person? Lukyanenko Irina Sergeevna. Published Their works have shaped and are shaping

Essay on the topic of the problem of fathers and children in modern world The most important, in my opinion, is the problem of fathers and children, otherwise In the modern world, it seems to me that this question arises from a misunderstanding, Essay

“Winter” essay: how to optimize the process of preparing graduates when working with directions to formulate topics? Sokolina Larisa Grigorievna, teacher of Russian language and literature at the Omsk State Educational Institution

PROJECT TOPIC: LITERARY CHARACTERS IN THE KINGDOM OF MORPHEU OR THE FUNCTION OF SLEEP IN FICTION Author(s): Myakokhod Anastasia School: Lyceum 1561 Class: 9 “G” Head: Myakokhod Yulia Viktorovna Is

Literature lesson in 7th grade “A lesson in mercy in V. G. Korolenko’s story “In bad society", teacher of Russian language and literature Nelyapina N. A. Topic: Lesson of mercy in the story by V. G. Korolenko “In the Bad

Essay on the topic of two meetings between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych Last meeting Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych (Analysis of the episode) Essay based on the work of M. Yu. Lermontov Hero of our time. They are divided into

I want to correct my mistake and improve our relationship, I hope you will forgive me and stop being offended, know that I love you, baby! The snow is swirling outside the window, It’s winter outside, Where are you, my beloved person?

Administration of the Volkhovsky municipal district of the Leningrad Region 187400, Volkhov Gorovina Ave. 60 Telephone Education Committee: 714-76, 715-76 Fax: 714-76 07/07/2015 1106 to the heads of municipal

KOU Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra "Surgut school for students with disabilities" Lesson notes " Literary reading» for 8th grade students Teacher: Kharlamova A.I. Surgut, 2017 Class: 8v Topic: K.

Speech clichés in Russian for the Unified State Examination essay. Cliché for Unified State Exam essays. Clichés that can be used to write an Unified State Exam essay in the Russian language. Elements of an essay For introduction Language means

The image and character of the hero in M. A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man” 9th grade Teacher of Russian language and literature Kryukov S. D. Contents Epigraph to the lesson... 3 M. Sholokhov “I was born on the Don” 4 Mikhail Alexandrovich

Preparation for writing a final essay on literature in 11th grade, 2016-2017 academic year. Methodological recommendations. General comments thematic areas. Materials prepared by a Russian teacher

Valentin n Rasputin Farewell to Matera Klára Formánková, 401787 Valentin n Rasputin is a publicist and writer, author of stories and stories about the Siberian village, about life ordinary people born in 1937 in Siberian

MBOU Luchanovskaya Secondary School named after V.V. Mikhetko, Tomsk region, “there is no such thing as being completely unaffected by the war.” Research on the work of Leonid Andreevich Hartung “We must not forget” Completed by: Ivan Rudov, 10th grade.

« The Little Prince» legendary work French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. This children's fairy tale for adults was first published in 1943, since then there has not been a person in the world who

Lesson on ORKSE. Module: Secular ethics. Lesson topic: “Shame, guilt, apology” Purpose of the lesson: developing motivation for conscious moral behavior. Lesson objectives: - introduce the concepts of “shame”, “guilt”,

Final essay (presentation) 2016-2017 academic year Features of the wording of the topics of the final essay 2016/17 academic year The final essay, on the one hand, is of a supra-subject nature, that is, it is aimed

Essay reasoning Eugene Onegin encyclopedia of Russian life An essay on the topic of why the novel Eugene Onegin is interesting, the era in the novel Eugene Onegin as an encyclopedia of Russian life. analysis essays and

An essay on the topic of the inhumanity of Raskolnikov’s theory. From this individualistic theory, Raskolnikov derives the category that forgives Raskolnikov the man, does not forgive his inhuman theory. Theme of sin

Specification of control and measurement work on literature in 10th grade 2016/17 academic year 1. The purpose of the work is to determine the level of literature training of 10th grade students. 2. Characteristics

The essay is written according to a specific plan: 1. Introduction 2. Statement of the problem 3. Commentary on the problem 4. The author’s position 5. Your position 6. Literary argument 7. Any other argument 8. Conclusion

Since the 2014-2015 academic year in the state program final certification schoolchildren present a final graduation essay. This format differs significantly from the classic exam. The work is of a non-subject nature, relying on the graduate’s knowledge in the field of literature. The essay aims to reveal the examinee’s ability to reason in given topic and argue your point of view. Mainly, the final essay allows you to assess the level speech culture graduate. For exam paper Five topics from a closed list are proposed.

Introduction
Main part - thesis and arguments
Conclusion - conclusion

The final essay 2016 requires a volume of 350 words or more.

The time allotted for the examination work is 3 hours 55 minutes.

Topics for the final essay

The issues proposed for consideration are usually addressed to inner world person, personal relationships, psychological characteristics and concepts of universal morality. Thus, the topics of the final essay for the 2016-2017 academic year include the following areas:

"Experience and mistakes"

Here are presented concepts that the examinee will have to reveal in the process of reasoning, referring to examples from the world of literature. In the final essay 2016, the graduate must identify the relationships between these categories based on analysis, building logical relationships and applying knowledge of literary works.

One of these topics is “Experience and Mistakes.”

As a rule, works from the course school curriculum in literature - this is a large gallery of different images and characters that can be used to write a final essay on the topic “Experience and mistakes.”

Novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”
Novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”
Novel by M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”
Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”
The story of A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”

Arguments for the final essay 2016 “Experience and mistakes”

“Eugene Onegin” by A.S. Pushkin

The novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” clearly demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person’s life, which can lead to serious consequences. So, main character- Evgeny Onegin, by his behavior with Olgoy in the Larins’ house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. The friends came together in a mortal battle, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not as agile a shooter as Evgeniy. Misbehavior and a sudden duel between friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the hero’s life. It is also worth referring here to love story Eugene and Tatiana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later does he realize what a fatal mistake he made.

“Crime and Punishment” by F. M. Dostoevsky

The central question for the hero of the work F . M. Dostoevsky begins to desire to understand his ability to act, to decide the destinies of people, neglecting the norms of universal morality - “Am I a trembling creature, or do I have the right?” Rodion Raskolnikov commits a crime by killing an old pawnbroker, and later realizes the full gravity of the committed act. The manifestation of cruelty and inhumanity, a huge mistake that led to Rodion’s suffering, became a lesson for him. Subsequently, the hero takes the right path, thanks to the spiritual purity and compassion of Sonechka Marmeladova. The crime committed remains a bitter experience for him for the rest of his life.

“Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev

Essay example

On your own life path a person has to make a large number of vital decisions, choose what to do in a given situation. In the process of experiencing various events, a person acquires life experience, which becomes his spiritual luggage, helping in future life and interaction with people and society. However, we often find ourselves in difficult, contradictory conditions when we cannot guarantee the correctness of our decision and be sure that what we consider correct now will not become a big mistake for us.

An example of the influence of the actions he has committed on a person’s life can be seen in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. The work demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person’s life, which can lead to serious consequences. Thus, the main character, Eugene Onegin, by his behavior with Olga in the Larins’ house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. The friends came together in a mortal battle, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not as agile a shooter as Evgeniy. Misbehavior and a sudden duel between friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the hero’s life. It is also worth turning here to the love story of Eugene and Tatiana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later does he realize what a fatal mistake he made.

It is also worth turning to I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” which reveals the problem of errors in the unshakability of views and beliefs, which can lead to disastrous consequences.

In the work of I.S. Turgenev Evgeny Bazarov is a progressive-minded young man, a nihilist who denies the value of the experience of previous generations. He says that he does not believe in feelings at all: “Love is rubbish, unforgivable nonsense.” The hero meets Anna Odintsova, with whom he falls in love and is afraid to admit it even to himself, because this would mean a contradiction to his own beliefs of universal denial. However, later he becomes fatally ill, without admitting it to his family and friends. Being seriously ill, he finally realizes that he loves Anna. Only at the end of his life does Eugene realize how greatly he was mistaken in his attitude towards love and nihilistic worldview.

Thus, it is worth talking about how important it is to correctly evaluate your thoughts and actions, analyzing actions that can lead to a big mistake. A person is constantly developing, improving his way of thinking and behavior, and therefore he must act thoughtfully, relying on life experience.

Still have questions? Ask them in our VK group:

Official comment:

Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.

“Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is implied to a lesser extent, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision or an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience.

Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues

You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can act correctly only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target.

Aristotle

Karl Raymund Popper

He who thinks that he will not make mistakes if others think for him is deeply mistaken.

Aurelius Markov

We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us.

Francois de La Rochefoucauld

Learn from every mistake.

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes.

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

It is easier to find error than truth.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe

In all matters, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves.

Karl Raymund Popper

As support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion. (In the novel, next to the hero is Sonya Marmeladova, who is an example of a compassionate person).

M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of so many different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry , believing that she is “burying him alive,” but it turns out the opposite: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away!” Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.” But Nastya calms herself with the words: “If her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only relative. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person”, the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”

M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu., also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin belongs to to young people of his era who were disillusioned with life.

Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find use for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.

Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. But then the other side of Pechorin also appears: after some attempts to defuse the situation in the duel and call Grushnitsky to conscience, he himself proposes to shoot in a dangerous place so that one of them will die. At the same time, the hero tries to turn everything into a joke, despite the fact that there is a threat to both the life of young Grushnitsky and his own life. After the murder of Grushnitsky we see , how Pechorin’s mood changed: if on the way to the duel he notices how beautiful the day is, then after the tragic event he sees the day in black colors, there is stone on his soul.

The story of the disappointed and dying soul of Pechorin is outlined in diary entries a hero with all the ruthlessness of introspection; being both the author and the hero of the “magazine”, Pechorin fearlessly speaks about both his ideal impulses and dark sides your soul, and about the contradictions of consciousness. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them; his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers”, Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, which makes himself unhappy .

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky stands out sharply from the high society environment with his education, breadth of interests, dreams of accomplishing a feat, and desires great personal glory. His idol is Napoleon. To achieve his goal, Bolkonsky appears in the most dangerous places of the battle. Harsh military events contributed to the fact that the prince was disappointed in his dreams and realized how bitterly he was mistaken. Seriously wounded, remaining on the battlefield, Bolkonsky experiences a mental crisis. At these moments it opens before him new world, where there are no selfish thoughts, lies, but only the purest, highest, fair. The prince realized that there is something more significant in life than war and glory. Now the former idol seems small and insignificant to him. Having experienced further events - the birth of a child and the death of his wife - Bolkonsky comes to the conclusion that he can only live for himself and his loved ones. This is only the first stage in the evolution of a hero who not only admits his mistakes, but also strives to become better. Pierre also makes a considerable series of mistakes. He leads a wild life in the company of Dolokhov and Kuragin, but understands that such a life is not for him. He cannot immediately correctly evaluate people and therefore often makes mistakes in them. He is sincere, trusting, weak-willed. These character traits are clearly manifested in his relationship with the depraved Helen Kuragina - Pierre makes another mistake. Soon after marriage, the hero realizes that he was deceived and “processes his grief alone.” After breaking up with his wife, being in a state of deep crisis, he joins the Masonic lodge. Pierre believes that it is here that he will “find rebirth to a new life,” and again realizes that he is again mistaken in something important. The experience gained and the “thunderstorm of 1812” lead the hero to drastic changes in his worldview. He understands that one must live for the sake of people, one must strive to benefit the Motherland.

M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people and forces them to evaluate their mistakes in life, we can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “...my hands need to plow.” Home, family – that’s the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise from life experience understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.

M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing a phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and in the future, its influence on rejuvenation of the human body” can hardly be called completely successful.

From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences. The guy who appeared in the professor’s house as a result of the operation, “short in stature and unattractive in appearance,” behaves defiantly, arrogantly and insolently. However, it should be noted that the emerging humanoid creature easily finds itself in the changed world, but human qualities is no different and soon becomes a thunderstorm not only for the inhabitants of the apartment, but also for the inhabitants of the entire house.

Having analyzed his mistake, the professor realizes that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: “Old donkey... This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge.” Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.

In the story “Heart of a Dog,” the professor corrects his mistake - Sharikov turns into a dog again. He is happy with his fate and with himself. But in real life, such experiments have a tragic effect on people’s destinies, warns Bulgakov. Actions must be thoughtful and not destructive.

The main idea of the writer is that naked progress, devoid of morality, brings death to people and such a mistake will be irreversible.

V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.

The plot of the story is based on true story. During the construction of the hydroelectric power station on the Angara, the surrounding villages were flooded. Relocation has become a painful experience for residents of flooded areas. After all, hydroelectric power stations are built for a large number of people. This is an important economic project, for the sake of which we need to rebuild, and not hold on to the old. But can this decision be called unambiguously correct? Residents of flooded Matera are moving to a village built inhumanely. The mismanagement with which huge amounts of money are spent hurts the soul of the writer. Fertile lands will be flooded, and in the village built on the northern slope of the hill, on stones and clay, nothing will grow. Gross interference with nature will certainly entail environmental problems. But for the writer it is not so much they that are important as the spiritual life of people.

For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family. And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people.

The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because for these amenities they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots.

In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed.

Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people of the 21st century.

Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: “To err is human.” Indeed, on the path of life we are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what can we say about other people’s mistakes? Can they teach us anything?

It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unequivocally. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back at which it is impossible to move forward. For example, international rules of war, prohibiting brutal methods of combat, were developed and refined after the bloodiest wars... The rules we are familiar with traffic- this is also the result of road mistakes that have claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which saves thousands of people today, became possible only thanks to the persistence of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.

On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Ongoing endless wars, revolution, xenophobia flourishes, despite the compelling lessons of history.

In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on our own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores the mistakes of others or takes them into account. Let us remember the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, and human feelings. He believes that it is necessary to destroy the social system to the ground, not taking into account the sad experience of the Great french revolution. It turns out that Evgeniy is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglecting universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov dies because “nihilism” is a path to nowhere.

But the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save his life, he needs to learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly prisoners who “lower themselves” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despises, notes to himself: “He won’t live out his term. He doesn’t know how to pose himself.”. What allows Shukhov to make such a bitter conclusion? Probably observing the mistakes of other camp inmates, like Fetyukov, who became “jackals.”

It turns out that the ability to learn from other people’s mistakes is not characteristic of everyone and not everyone life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experiences of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.

The material was prepared by the creator of the online school “SAMARUS”.