Oblomov's speech. What spiritual qualities of Oblomov attract Stolz? Active and purposeful Stolz

Article menu:

As children, they lived almost nearby - in neighboring villages - then, as teenagers, They studied at a boarding school for noble children. Throughout their lives, fate brought these people together again and again. Who are we talking about, you ask? Of course, about Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts from Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” and their unusual friendship.

To understand the essence of the relationship between these diametrically opposed friends, you need to trace their lives throughout the work.

Oblomov’s image: deep in thought

In order to understand how opposite in character Andrei Stolts and Ilya Oblomov were, it is necessary to first follow the character of the first hero, whose surname is named throughout the novel. Ilya Ilyich appears to readers as a sloppy and extremely lazy middle-aged man. His favorite place is the sofa, and his favorite clothing is a dressing gown, which “had in Oblomov’s eyes a darkness of invaluable merits: he is soft, flexible; the body does not feel it on itself; he, like an obedient slave, submits to the slightest movement of the body..."
The careless decoration of the room, where order seemed to be maintained, but a closer look revealed a lot of external flaws, further emphasized the infantilism of the hero. He had neither a specific goal in life nor any clear plans, looking at his surroundings absent-mindedly and thoughtfully.

Active and purposeful Stolz

Andrei Stolts was completely different. With youthful fervor, even in his youth, he explained lessons to a slow and dreamy friend, and tried to help so that Ilya could find himself in life. But his aspirations were not justified, because the teaching “had a strange effect on Ilya Ilyich: between science and life there lay a whole abyss, which he did not try to cross. His life was on its own, and his science was on its own.”

Little Andryusha has been curious and very active since childhood. Any of his antics, even to the point that the boy could leave for several days without causing concern to his father, were perceived by his parents without any panic. Without preventing his son from freely exploring the world around him, dad contributed to the development of a holistic, completely independent personality. Andrey Stolts is an amazing person, for whom you feel sympathy from the very first lines. The hero of the novel loving life and looking forward to the future. This is how he is depicted on the pages of the work.

The reason for the friendship between Oblomov and Stolz

A reader delving into the images of such absolutely opposite personalities may have a fair question: how could they be friends? But perhaps some will be surprised to learn that at first Andrei and Ilya were similar in character. But it was their upbringing, the environment in which the young friends lived, that made them as different as the South and the North. However, close comrades cope well with their differences and complement each other perfectly.

These two people, different in temperament, were able to appreciate each other. Stolz sees his beautiful soul in Oblomov, and he, in turn, notices best qualities present, devoted friend.

“...I knew many people from high qualities, but I have never met a purer, brighter and simpler heart; I loved many, but no one as firmly and ardently as Oblomov. Once you know him, you can’t stop loving him…” says Andrei Ivanovich about Ilya Ilyich.

He loves his friend for his sincerity, he thinks very good person, even despite his imposingness, apathy and laziness. Stolz hopes that someday it will be possible to remake Ilya Ilyich and is trying to take appropriate measures. But will he succeed?

Episodes from the novel: friendship between Stolz and Oblomov

Throughout the entire novel, Oblomov and Stolz walk hand in hand, maintaining sincere affection for each other. Let's look at some episodes from their lives.

Here Ilya and Andrey are small children. One of them is brave and active, the other is a little lazy, dreamy and fearful. Parents love their children immensely, but they raise them differently. Therefore, their fates are completely different...

Here is Andrei, “often, taking a break from business or from the social crowd, in the evening, from the ball, he goes to sit on Oblomov’s wide sofa and, in a lazy conversation, take away and calm the anxious or tired soul.” In the presence of Oblomov, the friend calms down, feels like a man who has come “from a magnificent hall to his own modest roof.”

So they are conducting a dialogue with each other, and Andrei cannot convince Ilya to become more alive, to go out into society, to break away from his comfortable sofa, to change his way of thinking, to leave passivity, apathy and laziness, to become a full-fledged person... “Like a lump of dough, he curled up and “You’re lying,” Stolz reproaches Oblomov, but he does not respond to the comments. However, Andrey is adamant in his decision to change the situation. “No, I won’t leave you like this,” he says indignantly. In a week you won't recognize yourself. I'll tell you this evening detailed plan about what I intend to do with myself and with you, and now get dressed..."

Clever Stolz, behind the veil of indifference and laziness, managed to discern a philosopher in his friend, because he sometimes speaks very correct speeches. “Life: life is good! What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? says Oblomov to a friend. Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!..”

“You reason like an ancient one,” Stolz concludes. But even that’s good, at least you’re reasoning and not sleeping.”

The insightful Oblomov was tired of everything, that’s why he tried to close himself in the shell of his absurd dreams and daydreams and limit himself to staying in his own home, where everything is so familiar and familiar, where there is no fuss and feigned fun. But living according to his friend’s plan is also extremely difficult for him...

Here's another scene. “Now or never,” Stolz declares, and Oblomov makes a great effort on himself, deciding to follow his friend’s advice and get a French passport. However, at that time he never left. But unexpected changes occur in his personal life: Oblomov falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, a simple and at the same time noble woman. His friend Andrei also treats her with trepidation.

But Ilya Ilyich’s approach to the girl is original: not wanting to flatter, here too he shows some kind of clumsiness, indifference to pompous phrases, and maybe even ignorance, saying: It costs me nothing to say: “Ah! I will be very glad, happy, you, of course, sing great... this will please me... But is this really necessary?

Finally, Olga began to sing, and Oblomov could not resist an enthusiastic “Ah.” “Do you hear? Stolz told her. Tell me honestly, Ilya: how long has it been since this happened to you?” - he asked his loving friend. Unfortunately, Oblomov’s immaturity over time took precedence over his bright feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya. He could not and did not want to overcome his natural laziness and become the husband of this beautiful woman. In the end, it was Andrei Stolz who took Olga as his wife, who, it turns out, was also in love with her, but did not want to interfere with his friend’s happiness.

The time for change comes, and Oblomov marries Agafya, the widow of the college secretary Pshenitsyn, a thrifty, kind and intelligent woman who faithfully looked after him during times of illness and depression. His life again goes smoothly and smoothly. Agafya surrounds her husband with care and maintains complete order in the house. Well, what about Stolz?

Unfortunately, last meeting friends five years later was very sad. "Dead!" - Andrei Ivanovich lamented about his friend, seeing him in extremely difficult state of mind. He was also shocked by the fact that Agafya was Ilya’s wife. At this unexpected news, it was as if a stone wall had opened up between friends, and Stolz realized that his comrade would never leave Oblomovka. But still he heeded the requests of Ilya Ilyich “not to forget his son Andrei.” And he promised himself to lead the boy on a completely different path, and with him “to bring their youthful dreams into action.”

This kind of friendship is very important

Having followed the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, we can conclude: such friendship is also necessary and useful, because they amazingly complemented each other and supported each other difficult moments life. It is a pity, of course, that Ilya Oblomov died, unable to cope with internal apathy and a lazy lifestyle, but after him he left behind a son, whom his best and faithful friend, Andrei Ivanovich, took in to raise him. He helped Ilya this time too - now by adopting his own blood and giving the child a chance for a full, meaningful life. But how could it have happened otherwise? After all, the friendship of Ilya and Andrey has always been real.

What is true friendship? This is, first of all, understanding, the desire to help and support a person in difficult times.

How many people do we feel this way about? Of course not. There are only a few of them. True friends are a gift from fate. Not everyone is lucky enough to meet such people in life. But if luck is on your side, you will never be alone, and you will always be able to feel the invisible presence of a friend, because he already lives in your heart.

If you look at the heroes of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, you might think that Ilya Ilyich and Stolz are an illustration of true friendship.

But is this true?

These characters have known each other since childhood and know each other very well. Stolz has tender feelings for Oblomov, strives in every possible way to stir him up, to force him to live an active life, since he himself is a very “moving” character. He tries to adapt Oblomov’s character to himself, sadly breaking him. Is this what real friends do? No! They accept you as you are, with all your shortcomings, appreciating your strengths without destroying your individuality. Of course, these actions of his are a kind of concern, but you need to know when to stop.

Stolz, communicating with Ilya Ilyich, also receives a “dose” of spiritual warmth, which he so lacks in life - it seems to me that this main reason his "friendly feelings". He is a real consumer. In addition, I think Stolz, seeing a lot of shortcomings in Oblomov, comparing him with himself, is engaged in narcissism. The fundamental difference, which can be seen a kilometer away between these two heroes, gives Stolz an undeniable advantage, which he enjoys using.

Of course, understanding all these nuances, we can draw far from impartial conclusions about Stolz. But, on the other hand, he, no matter what, is always ready to come to Oblomov’s aid, as can be seen in the episode where Tarantyev robs Ilya Ilyich, and Andrei helps the main character get out of the story. In addition, Oblomov’s feelings are not accidental. He cannot love an unworthy person. Ilya Ilyich is a sensitive person; he saw in Stolz the features of a beautiful heart. We have no doubt that on Oblomov’s part there can be no question of the authenticity of friendship; he firmly believes in Andrei. From Stolz’s side, the issue is controversial.

Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” helps us understand what role friendship plays in a person’s life, thanks to the fact that it provides a rich example of its vicissitudes. Oblomov doesn’t need anything from Stoltz, Stoltz is simply his only friend. Who else should he discuss his thoughts and feelings with? Thanks to the described relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, the essence of these heroes and the differences in their characters was fully revealed.

The characterization of Stolz - one of the main characters of the famous novel by Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov “Oblomov” - can be perceived ambiguously. This man is the bearer of the raznochinsky mentality, which is new for Russia. Probably, the classic initially wanted to create in his appearance a domestic analogue of the image of Jane Eyre.

Origin of Stolz

Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is the son of a clerk. His father Ivan Bogdanovich came to Russia from Germany. Before this, he tried to find a job in Russia, but he got a job managing a farm, where he scrupulously and skillfully managed the estate and kept records. He raised his son quite harshly. He worked with him youth, was a “personal driver” - he drove a spring cart when his father went to the city, to the fields, to the factory, to the merchants. The elder Stolz encouraged his son when he fought with the boys. Teaching science in the village of Verkhlevo for the children of landowners, he gave a thorough education to his Andryusha. Stolz’s mother was Russian, so Russian became his native language, and by faith he was Orthodox.

Of course, Stolz and Oblomov, who cannot organize his life, will clearly not be in favor of the latter.

Career

The young German graduated from college brilliantly. He made a career at work. Goncharov tells in snatches of other people’s phrases. In particular, we learn about the rank of Andrei Stolts from the phrase that in his service he “passed beyond the court.” Turning to the table of ranks, we find that the “court councilor” is the chairman of the court court, and is equal in rank to a lieutenant colonel. Thus, Andrei Stolts is a lawyer by training and earned a colonel’s pension. This is what the novel “Oblomov” tells us. Stolz's characterization shows the predominance of a business streak in his character.

After retiring, the thirty-year-old man took up commercial activities in a trading company. And here he had good career prospects. At work, he was entrusted with responsible missions related to business trips to Europe and the development of new company projects. The business characterization of Stolz given by the novel is thorough and promising. Over the course of a couple of years of working in a trading company, he had already managed to profitably invest 40 thousand rubles of his father’s capital and turn it into 300 thousand rubles. For him, the prospect of making a million-dollar fortune is real.

Close people

Stolz has a spirit of camaraderie and cooperation. He spends time and energy to snatch his friend Oblomov from the web of laziness, tries to arrange his life by introducing him to a wonderful girl, Olga Ilyinskaya. Only when Oblomov refused to continue acquaintance with her, Stolz, having considered what a treasure Olga was, began to court her. The scammers who tried to completely ruin the careless Ilya Ilyich Oblomov finally had to deal with him - tough, insightful. He also pronounces the word that has become a household word - “Oblomovism.” After the illness and death of Ilya Ilyich, the Stoltsy spouses take his son Andryusha to raise him.

Conclusions based on Stolz's image

At the same time, it should be recognized that the author’s characterization of Stolz is the only flaw in the plot of the novel, as Goncharov himself confirmed. According to the plan, Andrei Ivanovich should have turned out to be an ideal person of the future, organically combining pragmatism with his father’s genes, and, inherited from his mother, artistic taste and aristocracy. In reality, the result was the type of bourgeoisie emerging in Russia: active, purposeful, unable to dream. Chekhov was critical of him, agreeing with the negative characterization that flashed in the novel - “a purged beast.” Anton Pavlovich debunked Stolz in the press as a man of the future, and Nikolai Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov agreed with him. It is obvious that Goncharov’s characterization of Stolz went too far with rationality and commitment to rational thinking. These qualities in a normal, living person should not be hypertrophied to such an extent.

Additional questions for analyzing this episode:

· After what circumstances did Oblomov rebel against “this life of yours in St. Petersburg”?

· How are already familiar symbolic images (sofa, robe, shoes) played out throughout the scene?

· Why, at the beginning of the dispute, in his accusatory statements, does Oblomov contrast two concepts: “light” and “life”? Did Andrey understand this?

· Why does Oblomov make long speeches during most of the “duel,” while Stolz only parries them with short, sharp blows, adding fuel to the fire, and during the dialogue, the friends almost change places twice?

· What does each of the characters consider “life”?

· How does the ideal outlined by Oblomov differ from the life of Oblomovka and Ilya Ilyich’s subsequent stay in Pshenitsyna’s house?

· What was Stolz convinced of? How did he stir up Oblomov’s soul?

· How did Oblomov, in turn, touch Andrei’s soul at the end of the scene?

· Why is it important to look at the beginning of the next, 5th chapter?

Episode analysis (part 2, chapter 4)

A dispute between friends broke out at the moment when Stolz once again called Oblomov to go somewhere, to do something, and they spent a whole week traveling around on all sorts of errands. “Oblomov protested, complained, argued, but was carried away and accompanied his friend everywhere,” writes the author. But the next evening, “returning from somewhere late,” Oblomov exploded: “I don’t like this St. Petersburg life of yours!” After Stolz’s question: “Which one do you like?” - Oblomov burst into a sharp, caustic and long monologue about meaningless vanity, in which there is no “integrity” and there is no person who “exchanged for every little thing.” Oblomov’s long satirical speeches expose the world, and society, and card games without the “task of life”, and the activities of young people, and the lack of a “clear, calm look”, and the “persistent sleep” in which the fussy and active, in fact, is immersed. first glance, society. In this monologue, only occasionally interrupted by Andrei with short, sharp objections or questions, Oblomov’s remarkable intelligence and satirical talent are revealed.

Ilya Ilyich’s monologue ends with the key phrase: “No, this is not life, but a distortion of the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as a goal for man...” To Andrei’s question, what is this ideal, Oblomov did not answer immediately, but only after a long dialogue with short remarks from both. In this dialogue, Stolz ironically makes fun of Oblomov’s awkward attempts to explain something to his friend, but then, apparently provoked by this irony, Ilya Ilyich begins to describe in detail how he would “spend his days.” This description is long, kind and poetic, even the rather dry Stolz remarks: “Yes, you are a poet, Ilya!” Inspired, Oblomov, who had seized the initiative at this time in the conversation, exclaims: “Yes, he is a poet in life, because life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” Oblomov’s ideal is not immobility, which he seems to have plunged into now; Ilya in this story, on the contrary, is very active and poetic, this ideal is that everything should be “to your liking,” sincerely, honestly, freely, measuredly, “what in eyes, in words, then in the heart.” And he, Oblomov, actively participates in this life: he composes and gives his wife a bouquet, conducts a conversation with sincere friends, fishes, takes a gun, although, of course, in this story Oblomov’s immobility and gluttony often slip through. "This is life!" - Oblomov sums up and immediately stumbles upon an alternative answer: “This is not life!” And it is at this moment that the word “Oblomovism” appears for the first time on the stage of the novel, which Stolz pronounces. Then, with each new objection from Oblomov, he repeats this word in various interpretations, without finding more convincing arguments against Oblomov’s logic that all of Stoltsev’s “running around in starts” is the same “manufacture of peace”, has the same goal: “Everything looking for rest and peace."

Here Stolz still manages to seize the initiative with a reminder of the joint dreams of his youth, after which Oblomov’s confidence disappears, he begins to speak unconvincingly, with numerous pauses (the author uses ellipses), hesitations. He still weakly resists: “So when to live?.. Why suffer for the whole century?” Stolz answers dryly and meaninglessly: “For the work itself.” Here, too, the author is not on Stolz’s side, because work as an end in itself is truly meaningless. In fact, the heroes at this moment remain in their positions. And here Stolz again uses the only winning technique - he once again reminds Ilya of his childhood, dreams, hopes, ending these reminders with the key phrase: “Now or never!” The reception works flawlessly. Oblomov is moved and begins his sincere and pure confession about the lack of a high goal, about the fading of life, about the loss of pride. “Either I didn’t understand this life, or it’s no good, and I didn’t know anything better...” Oblomov’s sincerity stirred Andrei’s soul, he seemed to swear to a friend, “I won’t leave you...” At the end of the 4th chapter, it seems that victory in the fight remained with Stolz, but at the beginning of the 5th there is a comic decline and, in fact, the destruction of this “victory”.

Stolz's alternative "Now or never!" for Oblomov turns into Hamlet’s question “To be or not to be?”, but first Oblomov wants to write something (to begin to act), he took a pen, but there was no ink in the inkwell, and there was no paper in the table, and then, when it seemed , decided to answer Hamlet’s question in the affirmative, “he rose from his chair, but did not immediately hit his shoe with his foot, and sat down again.” The lack of ink and paper and the missing shoe return Oblomov to his former life.

There will still be the whole story with Olga ahead, internal struggle in Oblomov’s soul it is still far from finished, but in the history of the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, and in the possible fate of Oblomov after this scene, the emphasis has already been placed. Even I. Goncharov himself, who believed in the possibility of combining in a Russian person Oblomov’s soulfulness with Stoltsev’s businesslike efficiency and practicality, seems to understand at this moment in his narrative that the heroes will remain with their own: neither from Oblomov, nor from Stolts, as the author originally wanted , such an ideal will not work. One will be hindered by laziness, contemplation and poetry, which are incompatible with modern heroes everyday life, to another - winglessness and refusal of any reflection on the meaning of life. The author and the reader are painfully aware after this dispute that the true ideal, which would combine purity and efficiency, is unattainable. That is why, despite the fact that many more trials await the heroes, this dispute about the ideal can be considered the key episode of the novel. This is what will happen later, when each of the heroes finds their “peace”: Oblomov - first the cozy and nourishing, but devoid of poetry, house of Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, and then death, and Stolz - a quiet haven with Olga, who is tormented by the loss of the meaning of life, who did not recognize in time for his possible happiness with Oblomov.

In the episode of the dispute between friends, the main question is about the purpose and meaning of a person’s life, and it is this question that is decisive for the entire novel. Like a true great artist, I. Goncharov stages this eternal question, but leaves the answer open. Therefore, it is worth admitting that no one won the dispute between friends in the considered episode of the great novel.

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is one of the most controversial works of Russian literature. It was in this novel that not only the epoch-making problems of changing the landowner's life and the morals of Goncharov's contemporary man were reflected. In “Oblomov” it is expressed in its own way revolutionary idea the formation of a new type of Russian person. This idea literally expanded the boundaries of the era, went beyond its limits.

The entire novel “Oblomov” is built on the device of antithesis. And the most important opposition was two heroes, two central figures works - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Stolts - characters who are often called antagonists to each other. But the confrontation and differences between the heroes will ultimately lead to some kind of compromise, a solution to a complex conflict.

Ilya Ilyich is a hero who is rarely called positive. This is a Russian gentleman, a landowner, accustomed to idleness. Oblomov proudly speaks about himself:

“I am a master. I can’t do anything.”

And he really doesn't know how to do anything. From childhood, surrounded by servants, mothers and nannies, growing up in the village, not knowing the difficulties of life, he got used to the unhurried flow of life, to constancy - this was life in his home. It, as the author puts it, flowed “like a calm river.” And the word “deceased” was not chosen by chance: it is not just an outdated form of the word, but its double meaning. Life in Oblomovka is not only calm and measured. She is... dead, dying, fading. This is how the life of the main character turned out.

However, it is impossible to call Oblomov a negative character. He is the embodiment of Russian morality, Russian mentality, an example of Russian character. Oblomov is generous, kind and soft, gentle. He is honest not only with those around him, but also with himself: he is disgusted by the hypocrisy of the St. Petersburg world, therefore Ilya Ilyich prefers laziness to empty activity. His idle lifestyle is the result of an extreme manifestation of precisely Russian quality, love for humanity. This is a real protest to secular society.

From childhood, Ilya Ilyich was surrounded by care, attention, and kindnessed by his parents and servants, who adored little Ilyusha. But this love acquired an exaggerated character, turned out to be excessive and led to the death of the hero. Since childhood, not accustomed to bothering himself (after all, there were servants in the house who were needed precisely for work), he could not bring himself to act even when it was necessary. As Goncharov accurately put it, “it all started with the inability to put on stockings, and ended with the inability to live.”

Stolz is the complete opposite of Oblomov. Even outwardly he is opposed to the main character. If Ilya Ilyich is a lush, soft man, with gentle hands, then Stolz resembles a “blooded English horse” - sharp, with sharp facial features, with fast speech. Stolz's father - active person. He taught his son to work, to achieve everything himself, so as not to be lost in life. But this man did not give him enough love - what Ilya Ilyich had in abundance.

Two people - two opposites, acute social contradiction. A successful, but dry-hearted person - and kind, sympathetic, but absolutely helpless. Goncharov finds a solution to this confrontation between activity and spirituality, a kind of compromise. And this... little Andryusha Oblomov is the son of the Russian soul Oblomov, raised and raised by the German Stoltz, accustomed to work.

The author undoubtedly assumes that the confusion of these opposites will lead to good result. It is Andryusha who will become that ideal person of his - and new, too - time, since he will absorb the best qualities of the antagonist heroes.

This idea of ​​the formation of a new type of person, of course, goes beyond the boundaries of its era. Like Turgenev, who at one time predicted the emergence of the Bazarov generation, Goncharov creates the appearance of a new type of personality, which is destined to change its era - and the time that will follow it.