Introduce students to the meaning of bread; To promote students' understanding of the moral significance of caring for bread, traditions and customs; Bring up. Where did such a respectful attitude towards bread come from? Change in bread mass

We are Slavs! Semenova Maria Vasilievna

Bread

Each of us has heard about the need for respectful, careful treatment of bread. However, there is usually only one reason given: bread, they say, contains hard human labor. Meanwhile, hard work is put into every good thing or food product. Why is bread the “head of everything”? Because in past times there was nothing else to eat? But we have already seen that this is not so.

The fact is that now few people remember the deep mythological roots that our views on bread have.

Sown field sign

It has already been said above how the pagan Slavs treated the Earth, in particular the grain field. I will also add that in fine arts ancient cultures, a sown field is depicted with the same sign as a woman’s pregnancy. This sign has survived to this day in traditional embroidery patterns on clothing. From this it already follows that bread was a sacred gift of the Gods for the Slavs. It was forbidden, by the way, to hit the table with your fist: the table is God’s palm!

Sown field sign: 1 – on medieval church embroidery, 2 – on a female figurine, 3 – in antique painting, 4 – on the altar for first fruits, 5 – on a Russian wooden salt shaker

In addition, the same turnip, for example, can be eaten raw, but the grain requires heat treatment. It should at least be fried. And in order to cook the simplest porridge, you need to ensure the “union” of Fire, Water and grain - the product of the Earth. All these three essences were Deities for the Slavs, all three were worshiped. Sweet porridge (cooked with honey) seasoned with berries was the oldest pagan ritual food: it carried a powerful idea of fertility, victory over Death, and the eternal return of Life. It is appropriate to recall here about Yaril and the “resurrecting” grain, which only rejoices at its own “funeral.” In the sacred porridge, honey is also combined with grain - one of the symbols of “living water” among the most different nations, and berries, also associated with the idea of “incalculable” fertility. And all this symbolism was “read” by the ancients as easily as we read this book, immediately grasping the meaning and without thinking about each letter!

Is it any wonder that pagan porridge fit perfectly into Christian rituals and lives on to this day under the name kutya, which is served at funerals? Is it possible that sugar is now used instead of honey, raisins are used instead of wild berries, and rice is used instead of whole wheat...

Since time immemorial, the Slavs have had pancakes as another ancient ritual food. Linguistic scientists write that the pronunciation of the word “pancake” is distorted: it was once pronounced “mlin” and comes from the same root as “grind” and “small”, thus denoting food made from ground grain. Perhaps initially flour or finely crushed grain was brewed with boiling water and eaten with spoons, then one day they spilled it on the hot stones of the hearth and discovered that the new food was very tasty. Pancakes, like porridge-kutya, contain the same sacred essences, and among other things, a ruddy, round pancake is partly similar to the Sun, “dying and rising” every winter. That is why, to this day, pancakes are baked again at funerals and also on Maslenitsa, when the victory over the evil Goddess Morana - cold, death and darkness is celebrated, the resurrection of the Sun, Life, Spring is celebrated...

Having mastered the preparation of porridge and pancakes, ancient ancestors The Slavs, one way or another, went out for bread.

Bread inherited all the sacred properties that were just mentioned, but much was added. We've all seen (and touched) dough prepared for a pie. If it didn’t happen, let’s be curious. It seems completely alive - warm, tender, breathing. Scientists have written many books about beliefs associated with dough and bread; It is impossible to recount them in any detail here. Here are at least some views. Returning home from a funeral, our ancestors tried to first look into the kneading bowl of dough so that the sacred power of Life would drive Death out of the door. Before the wedding, the bride was seated on a bowl covered with a pillow so that new family she lived a cheerful, rich, friendly life with many children. When taking the loaves out of the oven, they noted which direction the tops of the loaf bent: if inward of the oven - to profit in the house, outward - to ruin and misfortune. At weddings, they mixed bread baked in the bride’s house with bread baked in the groom’s house: from now on, two families would be “bread from the same oven”... The chapter “In One Bread” tells in more detail that this was not just an allegory. And why the young people were showered with grain, I think, is now clear even without prompting.

Oven for baking bread. 10th century

Here's how they identified a criminal in ancient England: they gave the suspect a dry crust of bread to eat. And if he suddenly choked, it meant he was to blame. Today we would explain this by the excitement of a criminal who is afraid of exposure, but in ancient times we had no doubt that the holy bread itself indicates the villain...

Having mentioned England, let us remember two well-known words: “lady” and “lord”. It turns out that they have the most direct relation to bread. Here's what you can read in explanatory dictionaries English language: “lady” in its original meaning is simply “she who kneads bread dough”; “Lord” means “keeper of the loaves.” When a couple divorced in ancient England, the husband received from the household property all the bread baked at the time of the divorce. And the wife is all the dough that was still in the kneader!

What is “korovai”? Yes, yes, it is more correct to write this word this way, and not “loaf”, as we are used to. It has already been told how the pagans, in necessary cases, sacrificed animals, in particular cows and bulls. However, it also happened that it was necessary to appease the Gods, but life did not allow parting with the nursing cow. That’s when they sculpted an image of a cow from dough, and later - bread topped with horns, “korovai”. In the first centuries of Russian Orthodoxy Christian Church she condemned the “prayed” ones, that is, baked with pagan prayers, korowai, which were sacrificed to the Family and the Rozhanitsa. Then this struggle subsided, its meaning was long forgotten, but the Korowai remained. Our attitude towards bread remains...

Ritual cookies “bridges”, “roes”, “crosses”, “larks”, “rich people”

From the book Daily Life of Medieval Monks in Western Europe (X-XV centuries) by Moulin Leo

Bread In the Middle Ages, bread, along with beans, was the main food. For a long time, millet porridge was common, then barley porridge, oatmeal, rye porridge, and wheat porridge for the rich (“cream, wheat and rice,” wrote François Villon). Then they began to make biscuits, not much different from

author Chuev Felix Ivanovich

Bread for the cattle Tanya, a housekeeper, says that in her homeland, in the Tula region, they feed the cattle with bread. And everyone is trying to take more black bread: “If you take two loaves of black bread, they give you a loaf of white bread for twenty-five kopecks. They wrote about it in the newspapers, on

From the book of Molotov. Semi-power overlord author Chuev Felix Ivanovich

Bread - What kind of bread, - Malashkin is indignant, - cannot be eaten. They mixed it with something, what is it? Under Stalin it was difficult to get bread, but the bread was wonderful!.. He is a great man, and Vyacheslav Mikhailovich is next to him. Sometimes there was not enough bread, there were orders, but the bread

From the book Spanish Reports 1931-1939 author Erenburg Ilya Grigorievich

From the book Demographic History of Europe author Livi Bacci Massimo

Bread and what goes with bread Little is known about the main dietary trends of the European population in the past: while there is an abundance of anecdotal and anecdotal material, there is a lack of reliable basic information. Therefore, it is difficult to establish more or less unambiguously

From the book Nero. Lord of Earthly Hell by Grant Michael

Bread and Circuses And, Tacitus adds, the people also enjoyed the entertainment that the emperor provided, since this was the second element of the motto “bread and circuses!” – panem et circenses – classic recipe, with the help of which the Caesars enjoyed the favor of the population

From the book German Wehrmacht in Russian Shackles author Litvinov Alexander Maksimovich

Dog Bread - Son, why did you let Aunt Manya down? - Mom entered the room with a spoiled mood. - I brought the sorrel so late... Why? Didn’t you know that the men would come to dinner? - I knew,” Valerik looked down, “and then I forgot... - And I forgot why?” “Because.” At the market there

From book 100 famous characters Ukraine author Khoroshevsky Andrey Yurievich

From the book The Great Lenin. "Forever Alive" author Potseluev Vladimir

The Battle for Bread The food crisis, which began in 1915 due to the general breakdown of the Russian economy as a result of the war, put the country before an economic catastrophe. The Provisional Government created national and local food

From the book Daily Life of Winners: Everyday Life Soviet people in the post-war period (1945-1955) author Korotkova Marina Vladimirovna

“Second bread” Basic reality everyday life of that time, a trail stretching from the war era - a constant lack of food, a half-starved existence. The most important thing was missing - bread. Potatoes became the “second bread”, its consumption doubled, it saved

From the book “How Embassy Customs Conduct...” author Yuzefovich Leonid

Bread and salt A ceremonial dinner hosted by the sovereign for foreign diplomats has long been as obligatory in Rus' as a feast in honor of a guest, accepted in private life. “For the sake of the ambassador there was an honorable feast,” the epics say. In 1566, agreeing on

From the book Cruiser "Emden" author Mücke Hellmuth von

6. Our Daily Bread The most serious issue for us was the supply of coal. Ugolytsik "Marcomannia" selflessly followed us from Qingdao to Indian Ocean, but it was almost empty when the Emden began its operations in these waters. And we didn’t have a single harbor where we could

From the book Adventures of the High Seas author Cherkashin Nikolay Andreevich

Red bread Six crews from the interned Soviet ships “Khasan”, “Volgales”, “Dniester”, “Magnitogorsk”, “Elton” and “Kaganovich” were delivered to the small Bavarian town of Weissenburg in the fall of 1941. They were housed in the ancient castle of Würzburg, located on the top

author

BREAD Every day, when my mother went to work at her scientific institute, Lyonka waited for the opening of a stall that sold bread on ration cards. I waited and thought about food. Now he always thought about her. I remembered how before the war, the whole family dined in the fifth dining room. Father rubbed his hands and

From the book Tales of War and Siege [anthology] author Smirnov-Okhtin Igor Iosifovich

DANGEROUS BREAD Cars drove on the ice of Lake Ladoga at night. There are several people in each car. Mom explained to Lyonka that cars are front-line radio stations. They are going to the front. Lenka wanted to ask his mother how the radio stations will get to the front if they are going to

From the book We are Slavs! author Semenova Maria Vasilievna

Bread Each of us has heard about the need for a respectful, careful attitude towards bread. However, there is usually only one reason given: bread, they say, contains hard human labor. Meanwhile, hard work is put into every good thing or food product.

A) Temujin

B) Yesugei

B) Genghis Khan

D) Subedey

A 2. The Battle of the Kalka River took place in:

A 3. The Mongols struck the first blow against the principality:

A) Vladimirsky

B) Ryazansky

B) Chernigovsky

D) Smolensky

A 4. The Battle of the Neva took place in:

A 5. Batu Khan called it an “evil city”:

A) Torzhok

B) Kolomna

B) Kozelsk

A6. The consequence of Prince Gediminas' annexation of the Russian lands was:

A) the adoption of Catholicism by the people

B) abolition of the previous control system

C) ban on the use of the Russian language

D) taxation of Russian lands as tribute

A7. The reason for the fragmentation of Rus' is:

A) Spread of pagan beliefs

B) Establishment of veche orders in all Russian lands

C) The desire of appanage princes for independence from Kyiv

D) establishment of the power of the Golden Horde over Russia

A 8. During the Battle of the Neva, the Russian army fought against:

A) Danish knights

B) Swedes

B) German knights

D) Poles

A9. The Khan's charter, which gave the Russian princes the right to rule in their principalities, is called:

D) churchyard

A10. The period of feudal fragmentation of Russian lands was a time:

A) economic and cultural upsurge

B) economic recovery and cultural decline

B) economic decline and cultural rise

D) economic and cultural decline

A 11. Who did not participate in the Battle of the Neva?

A) Gavrilo Oleksich

B) Alexander Nevsky

D) Pyotr Oslyadyukovich

A 12. What is not a consequence of the annexation of Russian lands to Lithuania?

A) liberation of the Russian principality from the Horde yoke

B) mutual influence on culture

D) jointly resisted the threat of the West

A13. The reason for the Mongol-Tatars invasion of Rus' can be considered:

A) the possibility of enrichment

B) the presence of a strong army among the Mongols

C) weakening of Rus' as a result of feudal fragmentation

D) all of the above reasons

A14. The form of government in Novgorod was:

A) princely rule

B) democratic republic

B) boyar republic

D) monarchy

A 15. The capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania became the city:

B) Vilna

B) Revel

D) Grodno

A 16. The reason for the victory of the Mongol army in the battle on the river. Kalke:

A) inconsistency in the actions of Russian troops

B) the Mongols had firearms

C) a decrease in the water level in the river due to a dry summer

D) Russian troops refused to come to the aid of the Polovtsians

A 17. The consequence of Batu’s campaign against Rus' is:

A) Unification of Russian lands

B) Expansion of the borders of the Mongol state

B) The ruin of Russian lands

D) The establishment of feudal fragmentation in Rus'

A 18. Reasons for the defeat of Russian troops in the fight against the Mongol-Tatars:

A) bad weather conditions

B) the lack of cavalry among the Russian princes

B) feudal fragmentation in Rus'

D) military assistance that the Cumans provided to the Mongol-Tatars

A 19. Which of the following events happened earlier than the others:

A) the battle on Lake Peipus

B) transfer of the Metropolitan’s residence to Vladimir

B) Battle of the Kalka River

D) Battle of the Neva

A 20. The consequence of Rus'’s political dependence on the Golden Horde is:

A) Participation of Russian princes in the kurultai

B) compulsory study Mongolian language

C) issuing by the Horde to the Russian princes of labels for reign

D) mandatory adoption of Islam by Russian people

A 21. The reason for the decline in population in Russian lands in the second half of the 13th century. is:

A) Natural disasters

B) Mongol-Tatar invasion

C) The process of formation of feudal fragmentation

D) Raids of German and Swedish knights

A 22. What does not apply to the peculiarities of the culture of the 12th – 13th centuries:

A) the decline of Russian culture

B) the formation of one’s own cultural tradition

C) the emergence of new sources of development

D) the formation of large cultural centers

A 23. Which of the listed architectural buildings was built in the 12th – 13th centuries?

A) Church of the Savior on Nereditsa

B) Church of St. George in Ladoga

B) Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin

D) Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary on the Nerl

A) destruction of churches and monasteries

B) growth of economic ties

B) growth and development of cities

D) the emergence of new crafts

A 25. Which genre of literature does not belong to the 12th – 13th centuries?

A) teachings

B) chronicle writing

B) journalism

D) “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign...”

A 26. The result of the Battle of the Ice is:

A) defeat of the crusaders

B) rebuff the Mongol-Tatars

B) defeat of the Swedes

D) the aggression of the Lithuanians against the Novgorodians was stopped

A 27. Through which city, located on the territory of the modern Tver region, did the Mongol-Tatars travel to Novgorod?

B) Bezhetsk

B) Torzhok

A 28. In what year did the congress of princes take place in Lyubech?

A 29. Which of the listed princes ruled earlier than others?

A) Yaroslav the Wise

B) Alexander Nevsky

B) Vladimir Monomakh

D) Yuri Dolgoruky

A 30. Which prince received the nickname because he had a huge family?

A) Yaroslav

B) Vsevolod

B) Andrey

1. Which peoples took part in the Great Migration? a) Vandals, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons b) Romans, Greeks, Slavs c) Goths, Slavs,

Turks2. In what language was prayer read in the Western Church? a) Greek b) German c) Latin d) French3. A person secluded in uninhabited places was called: a) count b) archbishop c) monk d) king4. In what year did Charlemagne's empire cease to exist? a) in 843 b) in 800 c) in 9b2 d) in b005. Who were called the Normans? a) North Germans b) Saxons c) South Germans d) Slavs6. The main occupation of knights? a) war; b) academic studies; c) classes agriculture; d) trade.7.When did the collapse of the Roman Empire occur?a) 410g. 6)395g. c) 476g.8. What was the name of the head of state among the Arabs? a) vizier b) caliph c) monarch d) emperor9. What was the name of the special letter of forgiveness of sins? a) indulgence b) dispatch c) props10. Why did the Crusades begin? a) the desire of the participants in the campaigns to liberate the Holy Land b) the desire of the participants to get acquainted with the traditions of the countries of the East c) the desire to open new trade routes11. What did the conquest of England by the Norman Duke William lead to?a) to the weakening of royal power in England b) to the strengthening of royal power c) to the feudal fragmentation of the state12. Match: GOD SPHERE OF PROTECTION

Please help me with the story.) It’s very necessary..

With whatever happens... at least with one task)

1.Read the sentences,
indicating facts related to the battle that took place in Western Europe
in New Time, and write the name of the locality near which it is
took place. Enter the correct answer without spaces into the answer table.
(1) The exact time the battle began remains a controversial issue for
historical science, but everyone agrees that the order to attack was given
long after sunrise. It is believed that this was caused by torrential
rain that fell at night: it was necessary to wait until the ground dried out.
(2) Soldiers from several states took part in the battle, and the battle itself
for a long time called differently in these countries.
(3) The commander of one of the victorious armies spent most of the battle
under a large elm tree that stood at the intersection of roads. Subsequently this tree
was uprooted and taken to the commander’s homeland, where wood was made
various souvenirs.
(4) The outcome of the battle was decided thanks to the entry into the battle of additional
forces that made a forced march for this.
(5) The marshal, on whose corps the losing commander was counting,
made an erroneous maneuver and did not make it to the battlefield.
(6) The state within which the battlefield is now located was
founded only 15 years after the battle.

2.Read the text containing six numbered sentences. Define oh
what concept or phenomenon is discussed in it, and enter it into the answer table.
The answer must consist of two words: one adjective and one
noun in the nominative case. Write your answer without spaces. Please note
that two of the six sentences contain factual errors or refer to
another concept.
(1) This state existed during the era
early Middle Ages.
(2) His capital was located in the lower reaches of a large river.
(3) The official religion of the country was Judaism.
(4) Title of ruler on
in the local language it sounded like “basileus”.
(5) The state had close trade
contacts with Ancient Russia. (6) The conqueror of the state bore the name Murad.

3.Indicate the consequences of the defeat of the “Invincible Armada”:
1) the beginning of the Thirty Years' War
2) expansion of colonial
empire of spain
3) increase in English
influence on the seas
4) the conflict between Spain and
England for colonial possessions

4. Select three historical figures from the proposed list,
who were contemporaries:
1) James Watt;

Introduce students to the meaning of bread; To promote students' understanding of the moral significance of caring for bread, traditions and customs; To cultivate a respectful attitude towards the work of people under whose hands bread is born; To form a culture of attitude towards bread as the wealth and heritage of the country. Introduce students to the meaning of bread; To promote students' understanding of the moral significance of caring for bread, traditions and customs; To cultivate a respectful attitude towards the work of people under whose hands bread is born; To form a culture of attitude towards bread as the wealth and heritage of the country. Objective of the lesson:

Without a piece of bread for us everywhere... A bad lunch... Buckwheat porridge- our mother, and the rye bread... The rye is ripe, take it... What you sow, so... Plowing is not a joke... Bread and water are great... There will be a day - there will be... Our daily bread - even black, yes... Without a piece of bread for us everywhere... Bad lunch... Buckwheat porridge is our mother, and rye bread... The rye is ripe, take it... What you sow, so... Plowing is not a joke... Bread and water are great... There will be a day, there will be... Our daily bread - even black , yes... Continue the proverb: melancholy. when there is no bread. dear father. to the point. you will reap. play. food. bread. delicious.

From the history of the creation of bread. In ancient Greece, it was believed that the art of baking was a gift from the fertility goddess Demeter. Her messenger, the brave young man Triptolemus, traveled to all corners of the earth in a chariot drawn by winged snakes and taught people how to bake bread.

The bread museum in the Swiss city of Zurich houses a flatbread that is 6 thousand years old. It was discovered at the site of a dry lake during excavations. A kalach baked years ago is on display at the New York Museum. The bread museum in the Swiss city of Zurich houses a flatbread that is 6 thousand years old. It was discovered at the site of a dry lake during excavations. A kalach baked years ago is on display at the New York Museum.

The bakers gave the name to the bread Ancient Greece. Clay pots were used to bake bread - molds called "clibanos". This is where the name “bread” came from. The ancient Goths called bread “khlaifs”; in Old German - “hlaib”; among Ukrainians - “bread”; Estonians have a “lab”. The name of the bread was given to the bakers of Ancient Greece. Clay pots were used to bake bread - molds called "clibanos". This is where the name “bread” came from. The ancient Goths called bread “khlaifs”; in Old German - “hlaib”; among Ukrainians - “bread”; Estonians have a “lab”.

For a long time in Rus', hymns and songs were composed in honor of bread, rituals were performed, and holidays were held to mark the end of the harvest. The bride and groom were greeted with bread, a newborn was welcomed, and dear guests were welcomed. In all these folk rituals contains human wisdom, a respectful attitude towards bread, which was passed down from generation to generation and was instilled in the child literally from the first days of life.

In a peasant family, the owner, the head of the family, always cut the bread. They baked bread from rye flour using cabbage, oak and maple leaves. Not a single owner could afford to throw away even a piece of bread. All the bread was eaten, and the crumbs were used to make kvass or beer. People used to say: “Trampling bread underfoot means the people will starve.” Since that time, the attitude towards bread as a father-father, and the land as a nurse-mother, has been preserved.

Today you can choose any bread: black, white, butter, rye or wheat, round or shaped; with cumin, poppy seeds, nuts, raisins. A wide variety of bakery products: bagels, bagels, kulebyaki, pies, pies, saiki, loaves, buns, cheesecakes, wedding cones, pies, etc.

Flour is the main product in making dough. It contains almost all nutrients. It is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals. Before kneading, the flour must be sifted through a sieve. At the same time, it is enriched with air, which means that the dough will be easier to knead and rise better. To make bread you need the following products: flour, yeast, water, salt, sunflower oil.

In order to have bread on our table every day, many people had to work hard: combine operators, drivers, loaders, flour millers, bakers, technologists, and salespeople. Their work is honorable and noble. We bow to them! In order to have bread on our table every day, many people had to work hard: combine operators, drivers, loaders, flour millers, bakers, technologists, and salespeople. Their work is honorable and noble. We bow to them!

In our village there is a famous bakery. Wonderful people work there - professionals: Skorkin S.F., Kuznetsova T.V., Kosolapova G.A., Denisov V.V. and others. They have many awards and diplomas for their noble and honorable work. We are proud of our fellow countrymen!

Answer the questions: 1. What do you remember from the history of the creation of bread? 2. What traditions and customs associated with bread in Rus' have survived to this day? 3. What types of bread and bakery products do you know? 4. What is the value of flour? 5. Who gives us bread? 6. In which song is bread the measure of friendship? 1. What do you remember from the history of the creation of bread? 2. What traditions and customs associated with bread in Rus' have survived to this day? 3. What types of bread and bakery products do you know? 4. What is the value of flour? 5. Who gives us bread? 6. In which song is bread the measure of friendship?

Conclusion 1. Conclusions. 2. Summing up. 3. Homework: write down and arrange in notebooks family recipes for pies, buns, etc. 1. Conclusions. 2. Summing up. 3. Homework: write down and arrange in notebooks family recipes for pies, buns, etc.

This text needs to be written in different words (changed), please write, I will be very grateful! The Slavs have long had a custom: people who break bread become friends for life. Bread is the ambassador of peace and friendship between peoples, and remains so today. Life changes, values are revalued, but bread-father, bread-breadwinner remains the greatest value. They escorted us to the front with bread. Those returning from the war were greeted with bread. Bread was used to remember those who would never return. Everyone has their own bread. Everyone remembers, perceives and appreciates it in their own way. But there is one thing in common for everyone without exception: bread is life. There is an inextricable connection between the attitude towards bread and the moral state of society. About anyone who honestly earns his bread, the people respectfully: “He eats his own bread” and, conversely, disdainfully about someone who lives at someone else’s expense: “freeloader.” Bread received for free, not earned through labor, spoils a person, because it interferes its moral basis. The harder the work of obtaining each ear of grain, each piece of this wonderful gift, the more respectful a person’s reverence is for bread and the purer his soul, the more conscientious and kind the person himself.

The Slavs used to have a custom: those who break bread will be friends forever. And now bread is a symbol of peace, friendship and goodness. Life goes on and changes, but bread still remains the greatest wealth. They saw off with bread those who went to the front to defend our Motherland, and greeted those who returned from the war. We used bread to remember those who once left us and will never return. Each person values and relates to bread in their own way. But still, everyone has one thing in common - bread is life! People respect those who earn their living by honest work; they say about them: “He eats his own bread,” and to those who live at the expense of others and do nothing: “freeloader.” It was believed that if bread was not earned by a person’s labor, but was simply given “for free,” it spoils a person, interfering with his morality and nobility. The harder a person’s bread comes from, the more respectful those around him are, and the purer his soul and heart, the more honest and kind the person himself.

GBS(K) OU RM "Krasnoslobodskaya" correctional school– boarding school of the VIII type.”

CONVERSATION:

"Be careful with bread"

COMPLETED:

02/20/2015

2014 -2015 academic year year.

Conversation: “Caring for bread.”

Goals: To instill in children a careful attitude towards bread; tell children the history of bread; show the importance of bread in human life.

Progress of the conversation

We meet with him every day. Neither a modest breakfast, nor a weekday lunch, nor a holiday table can do without it. He accompanies us from birth to old age - our good friend, whose name is pronounced with love and warmth by people in all languages.

Bread is always considered a symbol of well-being and prosperity. This food product is the most reliable means of protecting people from hunger.

How did bread appear on earth? This discovery is over 15 thousand years old. A long time ago, people simply ate raw grains, then learned to grind them between stones and mix them with water. The very first bread was in the form of liquid porridge.

When people learned to make fire, they began to fry crushed grains with water.

In ancient times, bread was highly revered; it was considered a separate dish.

In the Middle Ages, in many European countries, only members of the royal family could eat freshly baked bread; yesterday's bread was intended for the king's entourage ( high society), bread baked two days ago was eaten by landowners and nobles, bread three days old served as food for monks and schoolchildren, and bread baked four days ago fed peasants and small artisans.

In Rus', baking bread was considered a responsible and honorable task. They baked bread with honey, poppy seeds, cottage cheese, kovrigi, pies, saiki, and rolls. Bakers were divided into bread makers, kalachniks, pirozhniks, gingerbread makers, and pancake makers.

People spoke of bread as a living being: bread-breadwinner, bread-father. From time immemorial, the people have treated the labor of those who created it in the same way as bread. In Rus', bakers enjoyed special respect; they were never called Ivashka, Fedka, Parsley - they were called respectfully, full names Ivan, Fedor, Peter. Bread was highly valued in Rus'. People who grow and harvest bread were respected.

At all times, bread has been and remains a product that can feed a person in the darkest time of life.

In one of his poems, Vladimir Soloukhin recalls:

I remember that minute
From a mischievous childhood.
Suddenly my mouth felt boring
From bread, from rye,
And I threw the piece on the ground
From grandpa on the sly
And I stepped on a piece
Barefoot grimy heel.
And trampled... And everything was as it was
I buried my nose in the dust.
My grandfather never hit me before!

There is only one word equivalent to the word “bread” - the word “life”.

The Museum of the History of Leningrad keeps a piece of moldy bread - 125 grams - the daily ration of the inhabitants of the besieged city. This is holy blockade bread.

During the war years, a collection of the country's seed fund was kept in Leningrad. People were starving, but they saved the best varieties of grains for future generations.

“Once upon a time there lived a girl named Inge. She was very pretty, but proud and cruel. One day the mother baked bread and said: “Daughter, take this bread to our grandmother.” Inge put on her best dress and smart shoes and hit the road.

The road passed through a swamp. Inge felt sorry for her smart shoes. She threw the bread into the mud and stepped on it to cross the puddle. But as soon as Inge stepped on the bread, the bread began to rapidly sink into the swamp along with her. And Inge ended up in a fetid dungeon with a poisonous old swamp woman. The evil swamp turned the girl into an idol. Her arms and legs were petrified, fat spiders entwined her with their webs.

The shepherds saw what happened in the swamp, and soon the story of the girl who stepped on the bread became known everywhere.

One day a hot tear fell on the head of the petrified Inge. It was her mother crying. “What’s the use of my mother whining about me now,” thought Inge, and her soul became even rougher from these thoughts.

A little girl heard this story. “Poor, poor Inge! “- she cried, “how I wish Inge would ask for forgiveness and be allowed to return to earth.” These words reached Inge’s very heart. And she burst into tears of remorse.

At that same moment, a ray of light penetrated the fetid dungeon, and Inge, like a little bird, flew out into freedom. She returned to parents' house. Inge and her mother became happy again because the girl learned to appreciate bread.”

Guys, never forget what happened to the girl who stepped on the bread!

Now in our country there is an abundance of bread and grain products. And we can often see a loaf of bread thrown on the ground, half-eaten loaves of bread, loaves in garbage bins, carefree schoolchildren throwing buns or crusts of bread left over from lunch at each other.

At all times, disrespect for bread has been equated with the most terrible insult that a person can inflict.

He was compared to gold, to the sun, to life itself. It is not for nothing that in ancient times bread, like the sun and gold, was designated by one symbol among many peoples - a circle with a dot in the middle.

They took care of bread, composed hymns in honor of bread, and greeted guests with bread and salt.

Bread is practically the only product that does not lose its attractiveness and retains the ability to remain a useful and most necessary product.

If bread becomes stale, it can still serve people well.

Never throw away stale bread. And these days, in many families where they know how to treat bread with care, where they know its true value, housewives can prepare a dish based on stale bread.

Mystery:

Guess easily and quickly:
Soft, lush and fragrant,
He's black, he's white,
And sometimes it’s burnt. (Bread)

It's on our table every day. Neither breakfast nor lunch is complete without it. He accompanies us throughout our lives. He is our faithful friend, a name we pronounce with love and warmth. His name is bread. Bread is a symbol of well-being and prosperity. Bread on the table is wealth in the house. Do we often think, when we pick up bread, how old the bread is?

1. Scientists believe over 15 thousand. True, they make a reservation that bread in those ancient times was not much like the present one. These were dense, toasted pieces of grain mass.

IN ancient Egypt 5-6 thousand years ago there was a kind of rebirth of bread. There they learned to loosen dough using the fermentation method, using the miraculous power of microscopic organisms - baker's yeast and lactic acid bacteria. The art of making “sour bread” passed from the Egyptians to the Greeks. Loosened food was considered a great delicacy wheat bread and in Ancient Rome. Quite large bakeries appeared there, in which craftsmen baked many types of bread.

In Rus', they have owned the secret of preparing yeast dough since time immemorial. Bakeries were once called izbas. But they baked bread in almost every home. Only a few centuries ago, the specialization of bread craftsmen arose. Bread makers, pirozhniki, gingerbread makers, pancake makers, rush makers, and kalachnik makers appeared. With the growing well-being of the country's population, the share of consumption of bread itself falls slightly, but, nevertheless, it is still the main product on the table of the worker, peasant, and soldier. Over time, more and more dishes using flour appear.

2. There are many rituals associated with bread. It was customary among the Eastern and Western Slavs to place bread in front of icons, as if thereby testifying to their loyalty to God. They took bread with them when they went to get married; they greeted the guest with bread and salt, the newlyweds upon returning from church after the wedding; they brought bread along with the bride's dowry. Bread was often used as a talisman: it was placed in the cradle of a newborn; They took him with them on the road so that he would protect him along the way. A loaf of bread and each piece, especially the first, or crumb, embodied a person’s share; it was believed that his strength, health and luck depended on his handling of them. It was not allowed for one person to finish eating bread after another - you would take away his happiness and strength. You can’t eat behind another person’s back—you’ll also eat his power. If you give bread from the table to dogs during a meal, poverty will befall you.

How many people are involved in bringing bread to our table?

What professions can you name that are associated with growing and making bread?

^ Competition "Think!"

Artist, combine operator, doctor, baker, tractor driver, driver, seamstress, pharmacist, teacher, miller, agronomist, salesman, breeder.

Choose only those professions that are related to bread production.

From grain to loaf.

From time immemorial, bread was not a simple food. He was a measure not only of public well-being, but also of human conscience. We greeted friends with bread and salt. They fought the enemy to the death for bread. They swore by bread, as by the name of their mother. Bread was a product that evoked a special, one might say, holy feeling. Hundreds of people gave their lives for the bread that the starving children of Moscow, Leningrad, and the Volga region needed during the war and revolution.

1941-1945 War. Let us remember the besieged city of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg. Many children died. In the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg there is a piece of moldy bread the size of a little finger. 125 grams per day. 80% cake, grass, wood shavings, a little bran and only 20% flour - this is what Leningrad siege bread was like. This was the daily ration for city residents during the winter months of the blockade. But people needed to live, work, they needed to survive in spite of the enemy, in spite of the bombing and shelling.

In years of hardship and hardship

New world manly and strong

The people walked in the fire of battle

For freedom and for bread.

Bread of war. He is involved in great work, the tears of mothers, the bread that forged Victory. Bread has another name, which not every schoolchild now knows. Bread in Rus' was called zhito. The etymological dictionary indicates that it is formed from the word zhiti (to live) using the suffix - that.

It is no coincidence that the word bread is included in many proverbs and sayings.

^ Competition “Collect proverbs”

Bread is father, water is mother.

A bad lunch when there is no bread.

There is not a piece of bread, and there is melancholy in the upper room.

The ward is white, but without bread there is trouble in it.

^ This is interesting.

Bread record holders.

The longest braided loaf - 9.2 meters - was baked in Acapulco (Mexico) in 1996. And the largest loaf of bread was made in 1988 in Johannesburg (South Africa). Its length was three meters, width and height - more than a meter, and the Giant Loaf weighed one ton and 430 kilograms!

^ Bread King.

The French king Henry IV added one more to all his titles: “king of bread.” The monarch rightly believed that providing the nation with bread was an even more responsible matter than ruling his subjects.

^ Bread - against a runny nose.

During the colonial wars, it was a common belief among British soldiers that a runny nose could be cured by sniffing a loaf of freshly baked bread. It is curious that in ancient world healing properties were attributed only to stale bread.

^ A significant gift

The favorite bread delicacy in Rus' was gingerbread. In the old days, they were given for name days, presented to the bride as a wedding gift, treated to dear guests, and treated to children. Holiday gingerbread sometimes weighed about a pound (more than 16 kg)

^ Popular supplement.

Over the course of a lifetime, a person eats a total of 15 tons of bread! Moreover, the main part of it is consumed not separately, but along with other food products.

^ Take care of your bread!

The poet Grigory Lyushnin, after being released from the concentration camp where he was held captive, was carried out in his arms. An adult man weighed only 26 kg. This, guys, is the weight of a 6–7 year old child. In the camp, he wrote a poem that talks about how to take care of bread and spare even a bread crumb:

A crumb of bread fell to the ground,

There was less bread per crumb.

Somewhere in our unharvested field

So many grains lie on the arable land.

If only I could put them together - in a bunch!

The bread would be baked white and fragrant!

We would grow stronger and become stronger,

We would break down the prison walls,

We would go out into battle again under bombing.

Yes, you need to spare the bread crumbs!

This is how they treated bread during the war. Unfortunately, in our time, not all people know and understand what the price of bread is. Not monetary!

Do you think there is light bread?

Now you will look at an excerpt from the Belarusian fairy tale “Light Bread” and answer the question: what does “light bread” mean? Do people respect someone who wants to eat light bread?

^ Walking on earth is not an easy science,

The earth does not feed the careless and stupid.

Help her with patient work:

Bread will become cheerful from warm care.

Light bread has no color or taste,

He will turn you into a lazy person and a coward.

And you’ll break your forehead, you’ll get punches,

Or you might lose yourself.

Hard work always makes you wiser,

It’s not for nothing that they say: you will reap,

what goes around.

- Very often you can see the following picture on our streets:

Bun

Three boys down the street
It's like playing football,
Here and there they drove the bun
And they scored a goal with it.
An unfamiliar uncle walked past,
I stopped and sighed,
And, almost without looking at the guys,
He reached out his hand to that bun.
Then, frowning angrily,
He blew the dust off her for a long time
And suddenly calm and open
He kissed her in front of everyone.
- Who are you? - the children asked,
Forgetting about football for a while.
- I'm a baker! - the man answered,
And he slowly left with the bun.
And this word smelled like bread
And that special warmth
Which are poured under the sky
Sea of wheat golden. (S. Mikhalkov)

How do you evaluate the actions of these boys?

Do you think the boys listened to the baker's words and realized their mistake?

And in ancient Rome, the perpetrator was punished for an attempt on the life of a baker death penalty. The baker's profession is the oldest on Earth. The baker who knew how to make bread with yeast was especially valued. This type of bread was very expensive. Only very rich people could afford to buy it.

What should you do if you haven’t eaten a piece of bread?

1. Don't play with bread.

2. Give the remaining bread to the birds.

And guys, you can cook a lot of delicious dishes from stale bread.

1.On earth without bread

The strong cannot live.

Can't rise to the sky

Don't sail on the sea.

2. We live by this bread,

We eat the glory of bread,

Glory to the bread, glory to the farmer,

Glory to the people and all the people.