Monument to the heroes of Plevna. Monuments to the Great Patriotic War Monuments in honor of the war 1941 1945

(acrostic)

Fire blazes at the Wall of Eternal Glory,
The carnations on the stone burn brightly.
M/maybe, then a reflection of the bloody events -
Am I a bright symbol in the name of the dead guys?
The heaviness of thoughts echoes in the heart like an alarm bell,
There is no peace for the soul, the pain stings more and more.
And/ the gray-haired soldiers come with a bow
To the obelisk - to visit departed friends.

Each of them remembers the misfortune of hard times,
A/x, how the “Slavyanka” motif disturbs the heart!
During the fighting years, grown-up children
You went into the fire without saying goodbye and without loving.
And/m, who did not know the victorious May parade,
To mothers who did not wait for bright moments,

A row of bright lights illuminates the skies
A bright fireworks display in remembrance.
Is it possible to understand the goals of modern wars,
Which mothers' pain multiplies?
I/sno only one thing, that the dream of generations -
Peace, freedom, flowers for the sake of children's lives!

1st place in the Acrostic poetry competition “Remember!” - on Parnassus

Favorite of out-of-competition poems "May 9. We remember! We are proud! We honor! 7"
Poetry Club Golden Papyrus

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During the Great Patriotic War, it became one of the most significant themes in Soviet art - literature, painting, cinema. The portal "Culture.RF" remembered the most important sculptural monuments dedicated to the tragedy of this time.

“The Motherland is calling!” in Volgograd

Photo: 1zoom.ru

One of the most tall statues in the world of “The Motherland is Calling!” included in the sculptural triptych along with the monuments “Rear to Front” in Magnitogorsk and “Warrior-Liberator” in Treptower Park in Berlin. The author of the monument was Evgeniy Vuchetich, who created the figure of a woman with a sword raised above her head. The most complex construction took place from 1959 to 1967. To make the monument, 5.5 thousand tons of concrete and 2.4 thousand tons of metal structures were needed. Inside, “Motherland” is completely hollow; it consists of separate chamber cells in which metal cables are stretched to support the frame of the monument. The height of the grandiose monument is 85 meters; it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction of the monument.

“Let’s beat swords into ploughshares” in Moscow

Photo: Oksana Aleshina / photobank “Lori”

Evgeniy Vuchetich’s “Let’s Beat Swords into Plowshares” statues, depicting a worker beating weapons into a plow, are located in several cities around the world. The very first one was installed in 1957 at the UN Headquarters in New York - it was a gift to the States from Soviet Union as a sign of friendship. Other original copies of the monument can be seen near the Central House of Artists in Moscow, in the Kazakh city of Ust-Kamenogorsk and in Volgograd. This work of Evgeny Vuchetich received recognition not only in the USSR, but also beyond its borders: for it he was awarded a silver medal from the Peace Council and received the Grand Prix at an exhibition in Brussels.

"To the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad" in St. Petersburg

Photo: Igor Litvyak / photobank “Lori”

The project of the monument to the “Heroic Defenders of Leningrad” was developed by sculptors and architects who participated in the defense of the city - Valentin Kamensky, Sergei Speransky and Mikhail Anikushin. Deployed towards one of the bloodiest places in the history of the Battle of Leningrad - the Pulkovo Heights, the composition consists of 26 bronze sculptures defenders of the city (soldiers, workers) and a 48-meter granite obelisk in the center. The memorial hall “Blockade” is also located here, separated by an open ring, symbolizing the breakthrough of the fascist defense of Leningrad. The memorial was built using voluntary donations from citizens.

“To the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War” (“Alyosha”) in Murmansk

Photo: Irina Borsuchenko / photobank “Lori”

One of the tallest Russian monuments, the 35-meter Murmansk “Alyosha”, was erected in Murmansk in memory of the unknown soldiers who gave their lives for the Soviet Arctic. The monument is located on a high hill - 173 meters above sea level, so the figure of a soldier in a raincoat with a machine gun over his shoulder can be seen from anywhere in the city. Next to “Alyosha” the Eternal Flame burns and there are two anti-aircraft guns. The authors of the project are architects Igor Pokrovsky and Isaac Brodsky.

“To the Panfilov Heroes” in Dubosekovo

Photo: rotfront.su

The memorial complex in Dubosekovo, dedicated to the feat of 28 soldiers from the division of Major General Ivan Panfilov, consists of six 10-meter sculptures: a political instructor, two soldiers with grenades and three more soldiers. In front of the sculptural group there is a strip of concrete slabs - this is a symbol of the line that the Germans were never able to overcome. The authors of the monument project were Nikolai Lyubimov, Alexey Postol, Vladimir Fedorov, Vitaly Datyuk, Yuri Krivushchenko and Sergei Khadzhibaronov.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow

Photo: Dmitry Neumoin / photobank “Lori”

In 1966, a memorial dedicated to the Unknown Soldier was built in the Alexander Garden near the Kremlin wall. The ashes of one of the soldiers buried in a mass grave and a helmet from the Great Patriotic War are buried here. The inscription “Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal” is carved on the granite tombstone. Since May 8, 1967, the monument has been continuously lit. Eternal Flame, which was lit from the fire on the Champ de Mars. Another part of the memorial is burgundy porphyry blocks with the image of a golden star, in which capsules with soil from the hero cities (Leningrad, Volgograd, Tula and others) are walled up.

Monument to the soldiers of the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps in Yekaterinburg

Photo: Elena Koromyslova / photobank “Lori”

Friday, March 24, 2017

Muscovites are familiar with the monument to the heroes of Plevna, located at one of the exits of the Kitay-Gorod metro station. However, few people have seen the inside of this monument. This is a working chapel and by large church holidays it is open to everyone.

So what does the chapel-monument look like from the inside —>

In the very center of Moscow, in Ilyinsky Square, there is a Chapel-monument to the grenadiers who fell in the battle of Plevna on November 28 (December 10), 1877. Its author is the architect and sculptor Vladimir Osipovich Sherwood.

The chapel is a symbol of memory of the heroes of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, which was called by contemporaries the Great War of Liberation. It is also briefly called the “Pleven Chapel”, however official name – Chapel of the Icon Mother of God The Sign and Alexander Nevsky.

The most fierce battles were fought for Plevna, which influenced the course of the entire Russian-Turkish war. After the signing of the San Stefano Peace Treaty, the idea arose, which was first voiced by General Ganetsky, about installing a monument to the fallen grenadiers near Plevna. Voluntary subscription was immediately opened in the Grenadier Corps.

However, in 1886, when relations between Russia and Bulgaria deteriorated sharply (“reconciliation” took place in 1895), proposals appeared not to send the finished monument to Bulgaria, but to erect it in Moscow. The idea found great support, and it was decided to leave the chapel in Russia.

The opening of the chapel took place on November 28 (December 10), 1887, on the day of the tenth anniversary of the Battle of Plevna. The opening was marked by a parade of units of the Grenadier Corps, received by Field Marshal General Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich. City Mayor N.A. Alekseev was presented with an act of transfer of the monument-chapel to Moscow.

After the October Revolution of 1917, most of the interior decoration, decorations and bronze plates with the names of the dead grenadiers were lost, the chapel was closed and destroyed. In the late 1920s - mid-1930s, it was included in the list of buildings slated for demolition. In its place they wanted to erect a monument to V.V. Kuibyshev. The chapel stood in a disfigured state until the mid-1940s; by the end of the war it was put in order, the cross was restored and the inscriptions were gilded. But without services, it quickly collapsed.

In 1957, for the Festival of Youth and Students, the chapel was put in order externally and a new fence was installed to replace the one lost in the 1920s.

In 1959 and 1966, the chapel, in need of restoration, was coated on the outside with a preservative anti-corrosion compound. This is what explains its black color during the Soviet years.

(photo from 1986. Please note that on the site in front of the chapel there were stands about the “unbreakable Soviet-Bulgarian friendship”)

In 1984, the executive committee of the Moscow City Council decided to restore the monument, and in the 1980s, sluggish restoration work began here.

In December 1992, the chapel was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. After some time, its interior was restored. On March 1, 1998, to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the liberation of Bulgaria and the signing of the San Stefano Peace Treaty, the consecration and opening of the memorial chapel took place in the presence of Patriarch Alexy II.

ARTISTIC FEATURES

The appearance of the tented chapel is reminiscent of churches of the 16th-17th centuries. The structure, octagonal in plan, was built from cast iron blocks on a granite base. The lower part is an octagonal chapel; on it is the same octagonal tent, tapering upward. The tent is crowned with a crown in the form of Monomakh's cap and completed with an eight-pointed cross. Initially the monument was multi-colored. The cross, kokoshnik and domes were gilded; the tent, doors and other details were painted with gilding, the high reliefs were covered with copper. The parts cast from cast iron were assembled and mounted with perfect precision - not a single seam was visible on the surface.

Let's go around the chapel clockwise and look at it from four sides.

The side faces of the monument are decorated with four high reliefs:

Janissary with a dagger, snatching a child from the hands of a Bulgarian mother

Russian old peasant blessing his grenadier son

Grenadier capturing a Turkish soldier

A dying grenadier tearing the chains off a woman representing Bulgaria.

Under the high reliefs were gilded images of laurel wreaths intertwined with ribbons. The upper part of all the arches and cornice was decorated with a laurel garland.

On the edges of the tent there are inscriptions: on the north side - “Grenadiers to their comrades who fell in the glorious battle near Plevna on November 28, 1877”:

From the south - “In memory of the war with Turkey of 1877-1878” and a list of the main battles - “Plevna, Kars, Aladzha, Hadji Vali”:

Quotes from the Gospel are placed on the eastern and western edges.

In front of the entrance there were cast iron pedestals with the inscription: “In favor of crippled grenadiers and their families.” On these pedestals there were mugs for donations for the maintenance of the monument and for benefits to needy crippled and wounded grenadier soldiers and their orphans:

INTERIOR DECORATION

The inside of the chapel is decorated with majolica tiles and decorated with images of saints, with whose patronage the army associated its victories.

View of the chapel ceiling:

Stained glass windows made according to drawings by V.O. are installed in the window openings. Sherwood in the painting studio of Louis Opel. These are four round images: Christ, the Mother of God, John the Baptist and Archangel Michael.

The interior of the chapel featured picturesque images of Alexander Nevsky, Nicholas the Wonderworker, Cyril and Methodius, and others. These 7 icons were made by the master of wax and fresco painting M.N. Vasiliev:

Image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Image of St. George the Victorious

The main image of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky.
Under the images of Cyril and Methodius there are two memorial plaques. On one there is a description of the battle near Plevna, on the other the history of the creation of the monument:

In the basement of the interior, on seven boards are inscribed the names of officers and soldiers killed in the battle of Plevna on November 28 (18 officers and 542 soldiers).

Details of majolica decoration:

Majolica image of the Trinity

The consecration and opening of the chapel after restoration took place on March 1, 1998. The chapel was consecrated in honor of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky, the heavenly patron of Tsar-Liberator Alexander II, and in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign, since the capture of Plevna was on the day of celebration of this icon.

In December 1999, by the Decree of Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus', the chapel acquired the status of the Patriarchal Metochion.

Every year on December 10, the day of the battle of Plevna, and March 3, the day of the national holiday - the Day of the Liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke, a memorial service for the fallen soldiers is held at the chapel in a solemn atmosphere, wreaths and flowers are laid. These days the chapel is open to everyone.

A wreath from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, laid on March 3, 2017.

Wreath from the Russian Ministry of Defense.

Publication prepared by: Vasily P. Photo by the author.

Perhaps the most poignant monument to those who fell in the Great Patriotic War - “Requiem 1941” - is dedicated to the heroic graduates of school N110 named after. F. Nansen. Five bronze figures, dead tenth-grader volunteers and a marble plaque with the names of 100 students and teachers of the school were installed in 1971 near the school building in Stolovoy Lane (10/2). The monument was built according to the design of former students of this school: sculptor D. Yu. Mitlyansky, architects E. A. Rosenbloom and P. I. Skokan.

The figures are portraits. These are Yuri Divilkovsky, Igor Kuptsov, Igor Bogushevsky, Grigory Rodin and Gabor Raab. “They, of course, did not stand in the same formation,” said Daniel Mitlyansky, “it was I who gathered them in one formation. ...I made this sculpture not as a monument, but as a memory, as a requiem for them".

Another, not the most recent graduate of school No. 110, Academician Sakharov, said when visiting the monument: «

Initially the monument stood on school yard. (Black and white photography scanned from the Moscow encyclopedia, ed. 1980). But in the winter of 1993, it was moved to the wall of the school from Nozhovy Lane (the authors of the reconstruction project were sculptor D. Yu. Mitlyansky and B. S. Markus). If previously schoolchildren were fulfilled in full height, then now we have before us a smaller copy of the previous monument. The signature on the pedestal was also slightly changed: “Be worthy of the memory of the fallen” became more exact quote from “Requiem” by R. Rozhdestvensky “...Be worthy of the memory of the fallen!” (1962).

I have never been able to establish the exact reason for these changes; there are only brief mentions on the Internet:

“The group initially stood near the school itself. But when it was closed, the monument was erected in 1993. was "reconstructed" and installed in its current location."

And one more fact, but it seemed to me with sad overtones: “This monument later became a center for holding Komsomol and Pioneer holidays, a meeting place for graduates, especially participants in the Great Patriotic War. The monument became a symbol of school No. 110. In connection with the transfer of the monument from the yard to the street and the corner of the school, the significance of this monument has changed".

P.S. Thanks to alhip , new information has appeared - from the book by B.S. Marcus “Moscow Pictures: 1920-1930.” (memories)". (M., 1999): « When some fascist vandals violated our Memorial sign, then I had to temporarily move the figures to school museum and develop new versions of the sign. There were many proposals, including moving it to the Nikitsky Gate Square in front of the bell tower of the Church of Fyodor the Studite. (...) We came to the conclusion that the most correct thing would be to install the figures on the wall of the school to ensure the inaccessibility of the composition.”.

Monument-chapel to the heroes of Plevna - a very mournful-looking monument, built in memory of the Russian grenadiers who died in the fierce battle near Plevna during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. The monument-chapel was built on the initiative of Moscow Archaeological Society and soldiers and officers stationed in Moscow Grenadier Corps with funds raised by them, and opened on December 10, 1887 in honor of the tenth anniversary of the battle of Plevna.

The monument was built according to the design of the architect and sculptor Vladimir Sherwood and engineer-colonel A.I. Lyashkina and is a chapel decorated with high reliefs and other architectural and artistic techniques: the building is decorated with wreaths and ribbons, and the top is decorated with images of saints and double-headed eagles on the dome. The octagonal tent of the chapel, crowned with an Orthodox cross, is cast from cast iron and installed on a low pedestal. Distinctive feature construction - perfect precision fitting of cast iron parts, thanks to which seams are not visible on the surface.

4 high reliefs located on the side faces of the monument deserve special attention. The high reliefs depict an old Russian peasant blessing his grenadier son for battle, a Turkish Janissary with a dagger snatching a child from the hands of a Bulgarian mother, a grenadier capturing a Turkish soldier, and a dying Russian warrior tearing the chain off a woman symbolizing Bulgaria.

There are inscriptions on the edges of the tent: on the eastern and western sides - quotes from the Gospel, on the northern and southern sides - memorable words:

In front of the monument there are cast iron pedestals with the inscription “In favor of the crippled Grenadiers and their families” - in the past there were mugs for voluntary donations on them.

In the past, the interior of the chapel was decorated with tiles; inside there were 7 bronze plates with the names of the fallen grenadiers (18 officers and 542 soldiers) and picturesque images of Alexander Nevsky, Nicholas the Wonderworker, John the Warrior and Cyril and Methodius. Unfortunately, most of the interior decoration, decorations and slabs have not survived to this day.

After the Revolution of 1917, the chapel was destroyed and a toilet was installed in it. Its restoration began in the mid-1940s, but after that the chapel quickly deteriorated, and in the 1960s it was completely covered with a preservative compound, which is why it acquired its characteristic black color. Restoration of the monument took place in 1984, and in 1992 - after the collapse of the Soviet Union - the chapel was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church.

History of the chapel-monument to the heroes of Plevna

Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878 - war between Russian Empire and allied Balkan countries against Ottoman Empire, caused by the rise of national consciousness in the Balkans. The infringement of the rights of the indigenous population and Christians in the territories of the Balkan countries captured by the Turks and the impossibility of resolving the situation by peaceful means led to Russia declaring war on the Ottoman Empire.

Siege of Plevna - one of the most fierce episodes of the Russian-Turkish War, when Russian-Romanian troops opposed the Turkish troops entrenched in the city of Plevna and eventually took the city. Losses amounted to about 40,000 killed and wounded on the Russian and Romanian side and 25,000 on the Ottoman side (another ~43,000 were captured). Of the 90,000 Russian-Romanian troops who took part in the decisive battle, 1,700 were killed - including 18 officers and 542 soldiers of the Grenadier Corps.

After the end of the war near Plevna, they decided to erect a monument to the fallen grenadiers and immediately began voluntary fundraising in the Grenadier Corps. For the construction of the monument, a plot of land with the Kopanaya Mogila mound was allocated, and in the summer of 1880 a competition was held for the design of the monument, at which 10 works from different architects were presented. Based on the results of the competition, the convened commission considered that the proposed projects did not correspond to the greatness of the event, and for the construction of the monument, on the recommendation Ivana Zabelina invited an architect Vladimir Sherwood.

Sherwood, guided by the proposed location of the monument and taking into account its distance from roads and flows of people, planned a 20-meter monument-chapel, decorated 4 sculptural groups. The cost of such a monument was 70,000 rubles, but only 27,000 were available. The commission expected that the state would compensate for the missing amount, but Emperor Alexander II, approving the project, recommended that they turn to the merchants. Ultimately, about 29,000 rubles were collected, and in 1881 new king Alexander III ordered the construction of the monument using available funds. Sherwood simplified the project, reducing its size and replacing sculptural compositions with high reliefs, and after his approval, work on the monument finally began.

In 1885, consent was received for free transportation of the monument from Moscow to Bulgaria, however, in 1886 proposals arose to leave it in Moscow, and as a result, in 1887, with the warm approval of Muscovites, the chapel was erected at Ilyinsky Gate of Kitay-Gorod.

Monument to the Heroes of Plevna located on Ilyinskie Vorota Square. You can get to it on foot from the metro station "China Town" Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya and Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya lines.