Monuments dedicated to the memory of the Battle of Stalingrad. Monument-ensemble to the defenders of Stalingrad (1967). Square of Those Who Stood to the Death

And the adjacent settlements, both during urban battles, and later, when Stalingrad was being restored according to a new general plan, often without paying attention to the fact that historical relics were lost forever. But at the same time, the monuments to the Battle of Stalingrad, created after the war, reflected the greatness of the country that won the world war, and bitterness for the millions of dead and maimed Soviet citizens.

Monuments in Volgograd

The most famous of them:

Monument to the Motherland Calling! and other monuments on Mamayev Kurgan.
Museum-Panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad.
Gerhardt's Mill

In addition to well-known monuments in Russia and the world, the following are dedicated to the memory of the Battle of Stalingrad in Volgograd:

unrestored building of the plant director on the banks of the Volga, witness to the defense of the bridgehead 138 guards division(Lyudnikov Island).
"Gasitel" - fire boat of the Volga military flotilla.
“Line of Defense” is a line of 17 turrets of T-34-76 tanks, symbolizing the line of defense of Stalingrad (Volgograd), with a length of about 30 kilometers. The idea of creating a monument appeared immediately after the end of the war. The decision to build the complex was made in February 1948, the author of the project was the Moscow architect F. M. Lysov. The first pedestal was installed on September 3, 1951, the last - three years later, on October 17, 1954. Tank turrets were assembled here, from equipment lost in the Battle of Stalingrad. Turrets of T-34 tanks of various modifications with traces of battles and holes were selected. The distance between the towers is several kilometers.
Alley of Heroes - a wide street connects the embankment to them. 62nd Army near the Volga River and the Square of Fallen Fighters. On September 8, 1985, a memorial monument dedicated to the Heroes was opened here Soviet Union and full holders of the Order of Glory, natives of the Volgograd region and heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. Artwork executed by the Volgograd branch of the Art Fund of the RSFSR under the direction of the main artist of the city M. Ya. Pyshta. The team of authors included the chief architect of the project A. N. Klyuchishchev, architect A. S. Belousov, designer L. Podoprigora, artist E. V. Gerasimov. On the monument are the names (surnames and initials) of 127 Heroes of the Soviet Union, who received this title for heroism in the Battle of Stalingrad in -1943, 192 Heroes of the Soviet Union - natives of the Volgograd region, of whom three were twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, and 28 holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees
The building of the Central Department Store (view of the pre-war facade of the building on Ostrovsky Street) - in its basement the headquarters of the 6th German Army and F. Paulus were captured. The Memory Museum is located in the basement.
Poplar on the Square of Fallen Fighters is a historical and natural monument of Volgograd, located on the Alley of Heroes. The poplar survived the Battle of Stalingrad and has numerous evidence of military action on its trunk.

Monuments in the Volgograd region

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Battle of Stalingrad- Great Patriotic War, Second world war... Wikipedia

When we talk about the monuments of Volgograd, first of all, of course, we remember the Mamayev Kurgan. This is true holy place for all Russians. After all, it was here, back in 1943, that terrible bloody battles took place that changed the entire course of the Great Patriotic War. The battle for Volgograd (in the war years - Stalingrad) was destined to become one of the most significant and most difficult pages in the history of the war. It lasted 200 long days, 135 of them on Mamayev Kurgan.

In memory of those terrible and heroic events, a huge memorial complex, impressive in its scale, dedicated to the heroes who died in the Battle of Stalingrad, was erected on this site.

Monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"

This majestic memorial ensemble, the construction of which began under the leadership of the famous architect E.V. Vuchetich back in the 50s of the last century, today is the largest military monument in the world and at the same time the world’s largest mass grave in which Russian soldiers are buried . According to historians, more than 35 thousand people who died during the Battle of Stalingrad are buried here. Many of them were reburied here after the war.

In 2008, the Mamayev Kurgan itself and the memorial ensemble erected on it were recognized as one of the wonders of Russia. Undoubtedly, the sculptural compositions located here are worthy of a separate description.

High relief “Memory of Generations”

Thus, on the Entrance Square there is a high relief “Memory of Generations”. This multi-figure sculpture on a stone wall depicts a funeral procession in honor of fallen heroes. There is also a memorial stele in honor of the 12 hero cities.

Sculptural composition “Stand to the death”

Next sculptural composition, which opens up to our eyes, is called “Stand to the death.” It was with this motto that Soviet soldiers went to the decisive battle. The monument is located on the square of the same name, in the center of a round pool and is a symbol of the most difficult stages of the battle. Central figure composition - a sculpture carved from a huge monolithic block of a Soviet warrior, a warrior-hero who stood up to defend his native city.

Ruin walls

A granite staircase goes up from the “Fight to the Death” square, and along it there are the so-called “Ruin Walls”. This unusual memorial, 46 meters long and 18 meters high, is a kind of heroic chronicle of the Battle of Stalingrad. Particularly impressive is the soundtrack of this place with information bureau reports and songs of the war years.

And after the Ruin Walls we see the Square of Heroes.

Sculptures "Heroes Square"

On the “Heroes Square”, in the center of which there is a rectangular pool, we see six sculptural compositions of Stalingrad heroes, each of which is a symbol of courage and heroism.

"Hall of Military Glory"

Behind the “Heroes Square” is the “Hall of Military Glory”, in the center of which stands a 5-meter sculpture in the form of a hand holding a torch with fire. And around her are high pylons with images of warriors of all kinds. Soviet troops.

Sculpture "Mother's Sorrow"

The next sculpture of the memorial complex is the sculpture of the mother, located on the “Sorrow Square”. It contains all the pain of mothers who lost their sons in the war.

Monument “The Motherland Calls!”

And finally, the central sculpture of the entire composition, which rises in the center of Mamayev Kurgan and is a symbol of the entire memorial complex, is the sculpture “The Motherland Calls!”

Truly an impressive monument that symbolizes the call of the Motherland to her sons and is one of the largest in the world. Its total height is 85 meters, and this reinforced concrete sculpture weighs 8 thousand tons.

A visit to this place makes an indelible impression and gives hope that the feat of the Volgograd residents will forever remain in the memory of descendants.

Dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War and other monuments of Volgograd.

Monument to Mikhail Panikakha

Thus, in the Krasnooktyabrsky district of Volgograd in May 1975, a monument was erected to the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, Mikhail Panikakha, Hero of the Soviet Union, who, having sacrificed own life, stopped the Nazi advance and helped the 193rd Division defend its positions. Brave Ukrainian soldier Mikhail Panikakha rushed at the tank with a bottle of flammable mixture. This tragic moment is captured in the monument erected in his honor in Volgograd.

Monument "Cossack Glory" in Volgograd

Volgograd residents also remember the glorious past of their predecessors - the Cossacks, who contributed to the defense of Russia and the preservation of its unity. This is confirmed by the opening of the monument to the Cossacks “Cossack Glory” in Volgograd’s Victory Park.

This sculptural composition consists of the figure of a Cossack sitting on a horse and a beautiful Cossack woman accompanying him with an icon in her hands.

Volgograd monument to Alexander Nevsky

There is also a monument to such a famous figure in Russian history as Alexander Nevsky in Volgograd. According to historians, he was one of the first to speak about the need to build a guard fortress on the Volga, which Tsaritsyn - today's Volgograd - became. The seven-meter monument to Alexander Nevsky, created by sculptor Sergei Shcherbakov, was inaugurated in February 2007 on the “Fallen Fighters Square”.

Sukhanov Fedor Ivanovich (1923-2000) “Mamaev Kurgan”. 1972
Volgograd Museum fine arts them. I.I. Mashkova.

On October 15, 1967, the monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” was solemnly opened in Volgograd.

The decision to build a memorial ensemble dedicated to the feat of the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) was made back in January 1958. Construction began in May 1959 and was completed by October 1967.

The project was developed by a team of sculptors and architects under the leadership of E. V. Vuchetich. Architects: Ya. B. Belopolsky, V. A. Demin, F. M. Lysov. Sculptors: M. S. Aleshenko, V. E. Matrosov, L. Maistrenko. M., Melnik A.N., Marunov V.A., Novikov N.S., Tyurenkov A.A. Head of the engineering group Nikitin N.V.

The main military consultant of the project was Marshal V.I. Chuikov, the commander of the army that defended Mamayev Kurgan.

The total area of the architectural and sculptural complex on Mamayev Kurgan is 26 hectares.

The symbolic ruins of Stalingrad, the Square of those who stood to the death, the Square of Heroes, the Hall of Military Glory, the Square of Sorrow and other sculptural objects have enormous power emotional impact. Along the serpentine leading to the top of the hill, the remains of 34 thousand 505 soldiers - the defenders of Stalingrad - were reburied.

The logical center of the memorial is the sculpture “Motherland”. The work of the sculptor Vuchetich and engineer Nikitin represents a multi-meter figure of a woman quickly stepping forward with a raised sword. The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland, calling its sons to fight the enemy. The total height of the monument is 85 m. Height female figure- 52 m, arm length - 20 m, sword - 33 m. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword - 14 tons.

In 2008, Mamayev Kurgan was included in the “7 Wonders of Russia”.

Monument-ensemble to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. Volgograd. Mamayev Kurgan: Set of 10 postcards / Photo by A. Shagin. - M.: Soviet Russia, 1967. - 1st region. (10 separate l.).

Included:
Monument “Stand to the death!”
Heroes Square
Heroes Square
Monument of Sorrow and view of the main monument
Introductory composition
Main monument
General view of the “Wall-ruins”
Detail “Wall-ruins”
Monument "Sorrow"
Detail “Wall-ruins”

Exactly 74 years ago, on February 2, 1943, victory was won in one of the bloodiest battles in human history. The Battle of Stalingrad took place under the motto from order No. 227 “Not a step back!” and was the most important turning point not only in the Great Patriotic War, but also in the Second World War. The main symbol of the Stalingrad victory was “Height 102” - Mamayev Kurgan, which during the battle passed from the Soviet troops to the Germans and back more than once. Rambler/Travel talks about memorable places in Volgograd, which are worth visiting when you find yourself in the hero city.

Mamayev Kurgan

The total losses of the Soviet and German sides in the Battle of Stalingrad exceed two million people. This is the most brutal battle in the history of mankind, and the memories that every square meter Mamayev Kurgan was soaked in blood are not artistic exaggeration. Construction of the memorial under the leadership of architect Vuchetich lasted eight years. All elements of the memorial - squares, sculptures, bas-reliefs, monuments - are deeply symbolic. Including the path to the main monument of the memorial - the monument “The Motherland Calls!” There are exactly two hundred steps on it - just like exactly two hundred of those days that the Battle of Stalingrad lasted.

Ruin walls

The ascent to Mamayev Kurgan along the stairs past the ruin walls is accompanied by audio: the sound track includes reports from the front, which were read out by the main announcer of the Soviet Union Yuri Levitan, the noise of battle and war songs. The ruin walls, from 17 to 5 meters high, seem to transport you back to 1942. The left wall is dedicated to the oaths of the warriors-defenders of Stalingrad: “Not a step back!”, “On the offensive, comrades!”, “To Berlin!” The right wall depicts real battle scenes, including the defense of Pavlov's House and the heroic death of Mikhail Panikakhe.

Square of Those Who Stood to the Death

On October 15, 1967, the historical and memorial complex “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” was opened on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd.

During the Great Patriotic War, during the Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943), there were stubborn battles on Mamayev Kurgan, located in the central part of Volgograd (from 1925 to 1961 - Stalingrad), especially in September 1942 - January 1943.

On front-line maps the mound was designated as “height 102.0”. He had an exceptional military significance, since it occupied a dominant position over the central part of the city, the crossings across the Volga were clearly visible from above, and were within sight industrial facilities, railway station. The one who owned the mound owned the city: maintaining this height was a matter of life or death - the mound passed “from hand to hand” of the warring parties several times a day. But the Nazis were never able to completely capture the mound. The eastern slopes steadfastly and heroically defended the troops of the Red Army, repelling the furious attacks of the enemy.

For 140 days and nights, the troops of the 62nd Army under the command of Vasily Chuikov stood to the death on the slopes of Mamayev Kurgan. On January 26, 1943, on the northwestern slopes of the mound, units of the 21st Army united with the advancing 62nd Army. As a result of this connection, the Nazi group was divided into two parts and liquidated.

The fighting on Mamayev Kurgan was so fierce that even its outline changed. Immediately after the battle, from 500 to 1250 shell fragments were found on every square meter of his land. In the spring of 1943, not even the grass was green on it.

After the end of the battle, the dead from all over the city were buried on Mamayev Kurgan. According to approximate data, about 34.5 thousand people are buried there.

The idea to erect a majestic monument in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad arose immediately after the end of hostilities. In 1945-1955, a competition was held in the country for his project, and as a result, he became the author and leader of the team of builders. folk artist USSR sculptor Evgeniy Vuchetich, chief architect - Yakov Belopolsky. Construction of the monument began in May 1959, and the opening took place on October 15, 1967.

The memorial complex "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" is a unique structure, the total length from the foot to the top is 820 meters. Total area of the complex 177,758 square meters. It represents a series of architectural and spatial links, as if strung on a single axis. As you ascend the mound, more and more new elements and compositions of the memorial open up before your eyes.
The entrance to the memorial complex begins with an introductory composition located on V.I. Avenue. Lenin at the foot of Mamayev Kurgan and called “Memory of Generations”. It is a large high relief (sculpture in stone) depicting people different generations(11 figures), who in mournful silence move along the dilapidated stone wall in the direction of the stairs leading to the mound to honor the memory of the dead.

Behind the introductory composition on the square, 12 pedestals with soil from the hero cities and the Brest Fortress were later installed. From them, a wide staircase leads to the Alley of Pyramid Poplars, which is laid along the ridge of an artificial earthen embankment, rising 10 meters above the entrance square - Avenue named after. V.I. Lenin. The length of the alley is 223 meters, width is 10 meters. Its upper level is 20 meters higher than the lower one.

Heroes Square ends with a retaining wall, the area of which is about one thousand square meters. On it, in the form of separate paintings-episodes in a relief image, the story about the offensive of Soviet troops near Stalingrad, the joy of victory, the capture of the Nazis, and the rally of the winners is reproduced.

The retaining wall contains the entrance to the Hall of Military Glory. In the transition to the hall there is a model of the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad”; inside on the ceiling there are 18 models of orders and medals of the USSR. In the center of the hall is an image of the hand of a deceased hero with a torch. Eternal Flame, a guard of honor was installed. On the walls are 34 mosaic mourning banners with 7,200 names, symbolizing all the fallen defenders of Stalingrad. At the top there is an inscription on the pictured ribbon from the medal: “Yes, we were mere mortals, and few of us survived, but we all fulfilled our patriotic duty to the sacred motherland.”

The exit from the hall is located at the level of the next terrace - the Square of Sorrow.

On the square in the pool there is a sculpture “Mother’s Sorrow”: in boundless grief and sadness, the mother bent over the body of her murdered son. There are two graves on the Square of Sorrow. One is a single grave of twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union, former commander of the 62nd Army Vasily Chuikov.

The second is a mass grave, where 34,505 (+ 4) soldiers (from the areas of Stalingrad) were reburied during the construction of the memorial. Later, urns with the ashes of the Hero of the Soviet Union, former commander of the 64th Army Mikhail Shumilov, chairman of the City Defense Committee (during the war) Alexei Chuyanov were buried, twice Hero of the Soviet Union pilot Vasily Efremov was buried, and the famous sniper Hero of the Soviet Union Vasily Zaitsev was reburied. Along the grave there are 37 memorial slabs with the names of particularly distinguished defenders during the Battle of Stalingrad, including the slab to the Unknown Soldier.

The compositional center of the ensemble is the Motherland sculpture. The monument depicts a woman holding a sword in her hand and standing in a pose calling for fight. The figure of the Motherland dominates not only Mamaev Kurgan, but also the city; it is visible for tens of kilometers. The height of the monument is 85 meters with a sword, 52 meters without a sword. The length of the sword is 33 meters, the weight of the sword is 14 tons. The entire monument weighs 8 thousand tons. At the base, the sculpture is not secured by anything; it stands under its own weight. The inside is hollow, there is a staircase in sculpture and sword. It is made of reinforced concrete, the sword is steel.

To climb from the foot of the mound to its top, you need to walk 200 granite steps - the number of days of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Since the opening of the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex, it has changed noticeably. In 1985, military service was opened memorial cemetery. In 2005, the memorial complex received its own church - All Saints. By 2013 (the 70th anniversary of the end of the Battle of Stalingrad) there were engraved the names of 17 thousand defenders of Stalingrad.

The memorial complex "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" by order of the Government of the Russian Federation was classified as an object cultural heritage federal significance, and the sculpture "Motherland" - to especially valuable objects of cultural heritage of Russia in 2016.

In 2008, according to the results of a popular vote, the monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” and the sculpture “The Motherland Calls!” were included in the "Seven Wonders of Russia". In 2013, according to the results of a nationwide vote, the Mamayev Kurgan and the sculpture “The Motherland Calls!” entered the top ten winners of the multimedia project-competition "Russia-10".

In 2014, the memorial complex "To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd from the Russian Federation.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources