Examples of musical works about nature. “In the kingdom of Berendey. Poets and composers about nature." Literary and musical composition. Sergei Rachmaninov, “Spring Waters”

MUSIC AND OTHER ARTS

Lesson 26

Topic: Landscape in music. Images of nature in the works of musicians.

Lesson objectives: Analyze the variety of connections between music and fine arts; discuss the commonality and differences between the expressive means of music and fine art; independently select similar poetic and pictorial works to the topic being studied.

Materials for the lesson: portraits of composers, reproductions of paintings, musical material.

Lesson progress:

Organizational moment:

Listening: M. Mussorgsky. “Gnome” from the “Pictures at an Exhibition” series.

Read the epigraph to the lesson. How do you understand it?

Write on the board:

“As long as there was no music, the human spirit was not able to imagine the image of the charming, the beautiful, the fullness of life...”
(J.V. Goethe)

Lesson topic message:

Guys, do you think there is anything in common in the depiction of nature in paintings and in musical works? (We think so. Because nature conveys this or that mood. And what it is like can be heard in music and seen in a painting.)

Work on the topic of the lesson.

1. Nature in art.

The depiction of nature in art has never been a simple copying of it. No matter how beautiful the forests and meadows are, no matter how the elements of the sea attract artists, no matter how they enchant the soul moonlit night- all these images, being captured on canvas, in poetry or sounds, evoked complex feelings, experiences, and moods. Nature in art is spiritualized, it is sad or joyful, thoughtful or majestic; she is what a person sees her.

One day you'll wake up in amazement
You will hear bird trills in the meadow.
And the heart will tremble in admiration -
Everything around is covered in white and pink snow!
What suddenly happened to nature overnight?
Where does so much light and warmth come from?
Overcoming frost and bad weather,
The cherry blossomed with fluffy foam!
She filled the entire space with herself,
Throwing fountains of flowers into the heights!
Having put on fragrant decoration,
Greetings the beautiful Spring!
Dressed up with white flowers,
The young bride beckons to her.
And the heart freezes under the branches.
Keeps Love, Hope and Dream!

(T. Lavrova)

The theme of nature has long attracted musicians. Nature gave music sounds and timbres that were heard in the singing of birds, in the murmur of streams, in the noise of a thunderstorm.

Sound-imagery as an imitation of the sounds of nature can be found already in the music of the 15th century - for example, in the choral plays by K. Janequin “Birdsong”, “The Hunt”, “The Nightingale”.

Hearing: K. Janequin. "Birdsong"

Gradually, in addition to imitating the sounds of nature, music learned to evoke visual impressions. In it, nature not only began to sound, but also sparkled with colors, colors, highlights - it became visible.

There is even such an expression - “musical painting”. This expression of the composer and critic A. Serov is not just a metaphor; it reflects the increased expressiveness of music, which has discovered another figurative sphere - the spatial-figurative one.

2. Seasons.

Among the bright musical paintings associated with the image of nature is P. Tchaikovsky’s cycle “The Seasons”. Each of the twelve plays in the cycle represents an image of one of the months of the year, and this image is most often conveyed through the landscape.

According to the program proposed by the music publisher, he wrote his famous piano cycle. These small pieces, reminiscent of musical watercolors, reflect the mood of the season - winter dreams, spring freshness, summer freedom, autumn sadness. The composer put into them all his great love for everything native - for Russian people, Russian nature, Russian customs. Each of the twelve miniatures is preceded by a title and epigraph, revealing the nature of the music, lines from a poem by Russian poets.

Despite the poetic original source, Tchaikovsky’s music is vividly picturesque - both in a generalized emotional sense, associated with the “image” of each month, and in terms of musical imagery.

Here, for example, is the play “April”, which is given the subtitle “Snowdrop” and is preceded by an epigraph from a poem by A. Maykov:

Blue, clean
Snowdrop flower,
And next to it is draughty
The last snowball.
Last dreams
About the grief of the past
And the first dreams
About other happiness...

As often happens in lyric poetry, the image of early spring, the first spring flower associated with the awakening of human strength after winter torpor, the darkness of frost and blizzards - to new feelings, light, sun.

Listening: P. Tchaikovsky. "April. Snowdrop" from the piano cycle "The Seasons".

What did this work sound like, what feelings did the composer want to convey with his music? (The music sounded very gentle, light. It seemed as if the flower was really reaching out to the sun and gradually opening its petals. The middle part sounded somewhat excited, the murmuring of a stream and the ringing of drops could be heard.)

That's right, the lines of the poet Maykov are translated into a gentle melody that conveys the living breath of spring. It’s as if we see a small helpless flower making its way to the light from under the snow.

“No one needs protocol truth,” said Isaac Levitan. What is important is your song in which you sing a forest or garden path.” Look at the reproduction of the painting “Spring. Big Water,” the composer found surprisingly light, pure tones to convey later spring. Remember another painting by Levitan, which has a musical title. (“Evening Bells”, this picture also sounds.)

Levitan is rightly called consummate master moods in painting. He is often compared to Tchaikovsky, in whose music Russian nature found surprisingly heartfelt expression. Both the artist and the composer, each with the means of his own art, managed to sing his own song in art - the lyrical song of the Russian soul.

3. Images of nature.

If Tchaikovsky's music - with all its vivid imagery - is still aimed at conveying the mood, the experience caused by the first flowering of spring, then in the work of other composers one can find a vivid visual image, accurate and specific.

Franz Liszt wrote about it this way: “A flower lives in music, as in other forms of art, for not only the “experience of a flower”, its smell, its poetic enchanting properties, but its very form, structure, flower as vision, How phenomenon cannot but find its embodiment in the art of sound, for in it everything, without exception, that a person can experience, experience, think through and feel is embodied and expressed.

The shape of a flower, the vision of a flower, is tangibly present in the introduction to I. Stravinsky’s ballet “The Rite of Spring.” An amazing natural phenomenon - the opening of buds and stems - is captured in this music, conveying, in the words of B. Asafiev, “the action of spring growth.”

The initial tune-theme, performed by the bassoon, in its outline resembles the structure of a stem, which constantly stretches and rushes upward. Just as the stem of a plant gradually grows overgrown with leaves, the melodic line throughout the entire sound also “overgrows” with melodic echoes. The shepherd's flutes gradually turn into a thick musical fabric in which the chirping of birds can be heard.

Listening: I. Stravinsky. “Kiss of the Ground” from the ballet “The Rite of Spring”.

“The landscape has no purpose,” said Savrasov, “if it is only beautiful. It must contain the story of the soul. It should be a sound that responds to the feelings of the heart. It’s hard to put into words, it’s so much like music.”

Lesson summary:

Landscape in music can probably be likened to landscape in works of painting - so varied are the pictures of nature that composers turned to. Not only the seasons, but also the times of day, rain and snow, forest and sea elements, meadows and fields, earth and sky - everything finds its sound expression, sometimes literally striking in its visual precision and power of impact on the listener.

Questions and tasks:

Is it possible to consider that landscape in art is exact copy pictures of nature?
Why can a musical landscape be likened to a landscape in the visual arts?
How does April appear in P. Tchaikovsky’s play from the cycle “The Seasons”? What feelings does this music evoke?
Why is the music of I. Stravinsky perceived as a real “picture of spring growth”?
Select poetic and pictorial works on a landscape theme that you know.
Complete the task in the “Diary of Musical Observations”, page 28.

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation - 15 slides, ppsx;
2. Sounds of music:
Mussorgsky. Pictures from the exhibition. Two Jews, rich and poor (2 versions: symphony orchestra and piano), mp3;
Tchaikovsky. Seasons. April - Snowdrop (2 versions: symphony orchestra and piano), mp3;
Stravinsky. Kiss of the Earth from the ballet The Rite of Spring, mp3;
Janequin. Birdsong, mp3;
3. Accompanying article - lesson notes, docx.

Pictures of the changing seasons, the rustling of leaves, bird voices, the splashing of waves, the murmur of a stream, thunderclaps - all this can be conveyed in music. Many famous people were able to do this brilliantly: their musical works about nature became classics of the musical landscape.

Natural phenomena, musical sketches of flora and fauna appear in instrumental and piano works, vocal and choral works, and sometimes even in the form of program loops.

“The Seasons” by A. Vivaldi

Antonio Vivaldi

Vivaldi's four three-movement violin concertos dedicated to the seasons are without a doubt the most famous nature music works of the Baroque era. The poetic sonnets for the concerts are believed to have been written by the composer himself and express the musical meaning of each part.

Vivaldi conveys with his music thunderclaps, the sound of rain, the rustling of leaves, bird trills, and dog barking, and the howling of the wind, and even the silence of the autumn night. Many of the composer's remarks in the score directly indicate one or another natural phenomenon that should be depicted.

Vivaldi “The Seasons” – “Winter”

"The Seasons" by J. Haydn

Joseph Haydn

The monumental oratorio “The Seasons” was a unique result of the composer’s creative activity and became a true masterpiece of classicism in music.

Four seasons are sequentially presented to the listener in 44 films. The heroes of the oratorio are rural residents (peasants, hunters). They know how to work and have fun, they have no time to indulge in despondency. People here are part of nature, they are involved in its annual cycle.

Haydn, like his predecessor, makes extensive use of the possibilities different instruments to capture natural sounds such as summer thunderstorms, grasshoppers and frog choruses.

Haydn associates musical works about nature with the lives of people - they are almost always present in his “paintings”. So, for example, in the finale of the 103rd symphony, we seem to be in the forest and hear the signals of hunters, to depict which the composer resorts to a well-known means - . Listen:

Haydn Symphony No. 103 – final

************************************************************************

“Seasons” by P. I. Tchaikovsky

The composer chose the genre of piano miniatures for his twelve months. But the piano alone is capable of conveying the colors of nature no worse than the choir and orchestra.

Here is the spring rejoicing of the lark, and the joyful awakening of the snowdrop, and the dreamy romance of white nights, and the song of a boatman rocking on the river waves, and the field work of peasants, and hound hunting, and the alarmingly sad autumn fading of nature.

Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” – March – “Song of the Lark”

************************************************************************

“Carnival of Animals” by C. Saint-Saens

Among musical works about nature, Saint-Saëns’ “grand zoological fantasy” for chamber ensemble stands out. The frivolity of the idea determined the fate of the work: “Carnival,” the score of which Saint-Saëns even forbade publication during his lifetime, was performed in its entirety only among the composer’s friends.

The instrumental composition is original: in addition to strings and several wind instruments, it includes two pianos, a celesta and such a rare instrument in our time as a glass harmonica.

The cycle has 13 parts describing different animals, and a final part that combines all the numbers into a single piece. It’s funny that the composer also included novice pianists who diligently play scales among the animals.

The comic nature of “Carnival” is emphasized by numerous musical allusions and quotes. For example, “Turtles” perform Offenbach’s cancan, only slowed down several times, and the double bass in “Elephant” develops the theme of Berlioz’s “Ballet of the Sylphs”.

Saint-Saëns “Carnival of the Animals” – Swan

************************************************************************

Sea elements by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov

The Russian composer knew about the sea firsthand. As a midshipman, and then as a midshipman on the Almaz clipper, he made a long journey to the North American coast. His favorite sea images appear in many of his creations.

This is, for example, the theme of the “blue ocean-sea” in the opera “Sadko”. In just a few sounds the author conveys the hidden power of the ocean, and this motif permeates the entire opera.

The sea reigns both in the symphonic musical film “Sadko” and in the first part of the suite “Scheherazade” - “The Sea and Sinbad’s Ship”, in which calm gives way to storm.

Rimsky-Korsakov “Sadko” – introduction “Ocean-sea blue”

************************************************************************

“The east was covered with a ruddy dawn...”

Another favorite theme of nature music is sunrise. Here two of the most famous morning themes immediately come to mind, having something in common with each other. Each in its own way accurately conveys the awakening of nature. This is the romantic “Morning” by E. Grieg and the solemn “Dawn on the Moscow River” by M. P. Mussorgsky.

Grieg's imitation of a shepherd's horn is picked up string instruments, and then by the whole orchestra: the sun rises over the harsh fjords, and the murmur of a stream and the singing of birds are clearly heard in the music.

Mussorgsky's Dawn also begins with a shepherd's melody, the ringing of bells seems to be woven into the growing orchestral sound, and the sun rises higher and higher above the river, covering the water with golden ripples.

Mussorgsky – “Khovanshchina” – introduction “Dawn on the Moscow River”

************************************************************************

It is almost impossible to list everything in which the theme of nature is developed - this list will be too long. Here you can include Vivaldi’s concertos (“Nightingale”, “Cuckoo”, “Night”), the “bird trio” from Beethoven’s sixth symphony, Rimsky-Korsakov’s “Flight of the Bumblebee”, Debussy’s “Goldfish”, “Spring and Autumn” and “ winter road» Sviridova and many others musical paintings nature.

Listen: music all around. She is in everything - in nature itself,

And for countless melodies she herself gives birth to sound.
She is served by the wind, the splash of waves, the rumble of thunder, the ringing of drops,
Birds are incessantly trilling among the green silence.
And the sound of a woodpecker, and the sounds of train whistles, barely audible in drowsiness,
And the downpour of a song without words, all on one cheerful note.
And the crunch of the snow, and the crackling of the fire!
And the metallic singing and the ringing of saws and axes!
And the sound of the steppe wires!
…That’s why sometimes it seems like you’re in a concert hall,
What they told us about the sun, about how the water splashes,
How the wind rustles the leaves, how the spruce trees creaked and swayed...
M. Evensen

What an ocean of sounds surrounds us! The singing of birds and the rustling of trees, the sound of the wind and the rustle of rain, the rumble of thunder, the roar of waves...
Music can depict all these sound phenomena of nature, and we, the listeners, can imagine.
In the history of culture, nature has often been the subject of admiration, reflection, description, image, a powerful source of inspiration, of one mood or another. Very often a person sought to express in art his feeling of nature, his attitude towards it.
The world of music and the world of nature. How many associations, thoughts, and emotions a person has. In the diaries and letters of P. Tchaikovsky one can find many examples of his enthusiastic attitude towards nature. Just like music, about which Tchaikovsky wrote that it “reveals to us elements of beauty inaccessible in any other sphere, the contemplation of which not temporarily, but forever reconciles us with life,” nature was in the composer’s life not just a source of joy and aesthetic pleasure, but also , which can give a “thirst for life.” Tchaikovsky wrote in his diary about his ability “to see and understand in every leaf and flower something inaccessibly beautiful, calming, peaceful, giving a thirst for life.”

Claude Debussy wrote that “music is precisely the art that is closest to nature... only musicians have the advantage of capturing all the poetry of night and day, earth and sky, recreating their atmosphere and rhythmically conveying their immense pulsation.”
On the one hand, nature acts as a source of feelings, emotions, and moods of the composer, which form the basis of music about nature. This is where the very expressive possibilities of music that make up its essence are manifested. On the other hand, nature can appear in music as a subject of image, displaying its specific manifestations (birds singing, the sound of the sea, the forest, the sound of thunder). Most often, music about nature represents the interconnection of both.

The “musical landscape” has a centuries-old history of development. Its roots go back to the Renaissance, namely the 16th century - the heyday of French polyphonic song and the period of creative activity of Clément Janequin. It was in his work that examples of secular polyphonic songs first appeared, which were choral “program” pictures that combined bright visual properties with the expression of strong emotions. One of Genequin's characteristic songs is "Birdsong". In this work you can hear imitation of the singing of a starling, cuckoo, oriole, seagull, owl... By reproducing the characteristic sounds of bird singing in the song, Janequin endows the birds with human aspirations and weaknesses.

Janequin. "Birdsong"

Images of nature occupy a significant place in Grieg’s lyrical plays. In them, Grieg sought to convey the elusive moods of nature. The program in lyrical plays is, first of all, a picture-mood.

Grieg. "Forest World"

A large number of works of program music dedicated to nature confirms that nature and music are closely related. Nature often acts as a stimulus for the composer’s creativity, as a treasury of ideas, as a source of certain feelings, emotions, moods that form the basis of music, and as a subject for imitation in relation to its specific sounds. Like painting, poetry, literature, music expressed and poeticized the natural world in its own language.

Beethoven. Fragment from "Pastoral Symphony"

Beethoven loved to spend the summer in quiet villages in the vicinity of Vienna, wandering through forests and meadows from dawn to dusk, rain or shine, and in this communication with nature the ideas for his compositions arose. “No man can love rural life as much as I do, for oak groves, trees, rocky mountains respond to the thoughts and experiences of man.” Pastoral, which, according to the composer himself, depicts the feelings born from contact with the natural world and rural life, has become one of the most romantic essays Beethoven. It is not without reason that many romantics saw her as a source of inspiration.

Beethoven. " Pastoral Symphony"part 1.

Respighi. "Birds"

Nocturne became real business card romanticism. In the classical concept, night was the personification of evil; classical works ended with the triumphant victory of light over darkness. Romantics, on the contrary, preferred the night - the time in which the soul reveals its true features, when you can dream and think about everything, contemplating quiet nature, not burdened by the bustle of the day.

Morfydd Llwyn Owen - Nocturne for orchestra.

Kreknina Olga

The work is devoted to the use of images of nature in music. The topic of ecology is partially touched upon

Download:

Preview:

Republican Scientific and Practical Conference of Students

“Youth – Science and Technology”

"Images of nature in music"

(research work)

Student of 8th grade "B"

Municipal educational institution "Gymnasium No. 83"

Kreknina Olga Alexandrovna

Scientific supervisor:

Additional education teacher

First qualification category

Municipal educational institution "Gymnasium No. 83"

Pribylshchikova Svetlana Aleksandrovna

Izhevsk 2011

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….........2

CHAPTER 1. Theoretical justification of the problem “nature and music”

1.1. Definition of the basic concepts of the study: “music”,

“nature”……………………………………………………………………………….4

1.2. Images of nature in literature and painting………………………………6

1.3. Images of nature in music……………………………………………..10

1.4. Images of nature in music for relaxation……………………………14

CHAPTER 2. Practical justification of the problem

2.1. Problems of ecology in contemporary art………………………....18

2.2 Musical images nature in the works of schoolchildren………………….23

CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………..35

BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….36

APPLICATION

INTRODUCTION

We live in the 21st century. This is an age of crazy speed, general mechanization and industrialization. Stressful situations await us at every step. Probably, humanity has never been so far from unity with nature, which man is constantly “conquering” and “tailoring” to suit himself.

The theme of nature at this time is very relevant. In the last decade, ecology has experienced an unprecedented flourishing, becoming an increasingly important science, closely interacting with biology, natural history, and geography. Now the word “ecology” is found in all media mass media. And for decades, the problems of interaction between nature and human society have concerned not only scientists, but also writers, artists, and composers.

Unique beauty native nature at all times encouraged people of art to new creative searches.

In their works they not only admire, but also make you think, warn about what unreasonable things can lead to consumer attitude to nature.

Nature in the works of composers is a reflection of its real sound, the expression of specific images. At the same time, the sounds of nature themselves create a certain sound and influence in one way or another. Studying Musical Works different eras will allow us to trace how a person’s consciousness changed, his attitude towards eternal peace nature. In this age of industrialization and urbanization, conservation issues environment, the interactions between man and nature are particularly acute. Man, in my opinion, cannot in any way determine his place in the world: who is he - the king of nature or just a small part of the great whole?

Target – to prove that music can convey images of nature to the listener and influence human consciousness regarding the environment. And environmental problems are an important part of the life of society and each of its members individually.

Tasks:

1. Study musical works of different eras.

2. Consider images of nature in works of painting, literature, and music.

3. Prove the influence of nature music on human consciousness.

4. Create a multimedia presentation on the topic “Nature and Music.”

Object of study- images of nature in music.

Methods Research used both theoretical and empirical:

study, analysis and synthesis of literature,
observation,
experiment.

My work consists of a theoretical part and a practical one.

CHAPTER 1 Theoretical justification of the problem “nature and music”

Definition of basic research concepts: “music”, “nature”

What is music?There are many definitions that can be given to this. Music is a type of art, the artistic material of which is sound, organized in a special way in time (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).

Music is an art form that combines tones into euphonious groups of sounds. Music is a type of art that embodies ideological and emotional content in sound artistic images. Music is an art whose subject is sound that changes over time (http://pda.privet.ru/post/72530922).

But we can give one general extended concept, music - a form of art. Specially organized sounds serve as a means of conveying mood and feelings in music. The main elements and expressive means music are: melody, rhythm, meter, tempo, dynamics, timbre, harmony, instrumentation and others. Music is a very good means of nurturing a child’s artistic taste; it can influence mood; in psychiatry there is even special music therapy. With the help of music, you can even influence a person’s health: when a person hears fast music, his pulse quickens, his blood pressure rises, he begins to move and think faster. Music is usually divided into genres and types. Musical works of each genre and type are usually easy to distinguish from each other due to the specific musical properties of each (http://narodznaet.ru/articles/chto-takoe-muzika.html).

What is nature?An interesting and fascinating question. At school in the lower grades we once studied such a subject - natural history. Nature is a living organism that is born, develops, creates and creates, and then dies, and what it has created over millions of years either flourishes further in other conditions or dies along with it (http://dinosys.narod.ru/chto-takoe-priroda-.html).

Nature - This outside world, in which we live; this world obeys laws that have remained unchanged for millions of years. Nature is primary, it cannot be created by man and we must take it for granted. In a narrower sense, the wordnature means the essence of something - nature feelings, for example (http://www.drive2.ru/).

Ecology - the science of the relationships of living organisms and their communities with each other and with the environment (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).

2.Images of nature in literature and painting

The heritage of Russian literature is great. The works of the classics reflect the characteristic features of the interaction between nature and man, inherent past era. It is difficult to imagine the poetry of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov, the novels and stories of Turgenev, Gogol, Tolstoy, Chekhov without describing pictures of Russian nature. The works of these and other authors reveal the diversity of the nature of their native land and help to find in it the beautiful sides of the human soul.

Thus, in the works of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev himself, nature is the soul of Russia. In the works of this writer, the unity of man and the natural world can be traced, be it an animal, a forest, a river or a steppe.

Tyutchev’s nature is diverse, multifaceted, full of sounds, colors, and smells. Tyutchev’s lyrics are imbued with admiration for the greatness and beauty of nature:

I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May,

When spring, the first thunder,

As if frolicking and playing,

Rumbling in the blue sky.

Young peals thunder,

The rain is splashing, the dust is flying,

Rain pearls hung.

And the sun gilds the threads.

Every Russian person is familiar with the name of the poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin. All his life Yesenin worshiped the nature of his native land. “My lyrics are alive with one great love, love for my homeland. The feeling of homeland is the main thing in my work,” said Yesenin. All people, animals and plants in Yesenin are children of one mother - nature. Man is part of nature, but nature is also endowed human traits. An example is the poem "Green Hair...". In it, a person is likened to a birch tree, and she is like a person. It is so interpenetrating that the reader will never know whether this poem is about a tree or a girl.

It’s not for nothing that Mikhail Prishvin is called the “singer of nature.” This master of artistic expression was a subtle connoisseur of nature, perfectly understood and highly appreciated its beauty and riches. In his works, he teaches to love and understand nature, to be responsible to it for its use, and not always wisely. WITH different sides The problem of the relationship between man and nature is highlighted.

This does not cover all the works that touch on the issue of the relationship between man and nature. For writers, nature is not just a habitat, it is a source of kindness and beauty. In their ideas, nature is associated with true humanity (which is inseparable from the consciousness of its connection with nature). It is impossible to stop scientific and technological progress, but it is very important to think about the values of humanity.

All writers, as convinced connoisseurs of true beauty, prove that human influence on nature should not be destructive for it, because every meeting with nature is a meeting with beauty, a touch of mystery. Loving nature means not only enjoying it, but also treating it with care.

Images of animals and people made back in the era have survived to this day. primitive society on the walls of caves. Many millennia have passed since then, but painting has always remained an invariable companion to a person’s spiritual life. In recent centuries, it is undoubtedly the most popular of all types of fine art.

Russian nature has always had a huge influence on Russian artists. One might even say that it was the nature of our country, its landscape, climatic conditions, colors that shaped national character, and consequently, gave rise to all the features of Russian national culture, including painting.

However, landscape painting itself began to develop in Russia only in the 18th century. along with the development of secular painting. When they began to build magnificent palaces, lay out luxurious gardens, when, as if by magic, new cities began to grow, the need arose to perpetuate all this. Under Peter I, the first views of St. Petersburg, made by Russian artists, appeared.

The first Russian landscape painters found inspiration abroad. Fyodor Matveev is a prominent representative of classicism in Russian landscape painting. “View in the vicinity of Bern” is an image of the artist’s contemporary city, but the real landscape is presented by the artist as ideally sublime.

Italian nature is reflected on Shchedrin's canvases. In his paintings, nature revealed itself in all its natural beauty. He showed not only the external appearance of nature, but its breathing, movement, life. However, already in Venetsianov’s works we see a reference to paintings of native nature. Benois wrote about Venetsianov’s work: “Who in all of Russian painting managed to convey such a truly summer mood as the one embedded in his painting “Summer”! The same amazing thing is its counterpart painting “Spring”, where “all the quiet, modest charm of the Russian spring is expressed in the landscape.”

Contemporaries believed that Shishkin’s work was photographic, and this was precisely the merit of the master.

In 1871, the exhibition appeared famous painting Savrasov “The rooks have arrived.” This work became a revelation, so unexpected and strange that then, despite its success, not a single imitator was found.

Speaking about Russian landscape painters, one cannot fail to mention V.D. Polenov, his touching landscapes “Grandma’s Garden”, “First Snow”, “Moscow Courtyard”.

Savrasov was a teacher, and Polenov was a friend of the famous Russian landscape artist Levitan. Levitan's paintings are a new word in Russian landscape painting. These are not types of areas, not reference documents, but Russian nature itself with its inexplicably subtle charm.Levitan is called the discoverer of the beauties of our Russian land, those beauties that lie next to us and are accessible to our perception every day and hour. His paintings not only give pleasure to the eye, they help to understand and study our Earth and its nature.

In Russian painting of the last century, two sides of landscape as a type of painting are revealed: the objective one is the image, the view of certain areas and cities, and the subjective one is the expression in images of the nature of human feelings and experiences. The landscape is a reflection of the reality located outside of man and transformed by him. On the other hand, it also reflects the growth of personal and social self-awareness.

1.3. Images of nature in music

The sounds of nature served as the basis for the creation of many musical works. Nature sounds powerful in music. The ancient people already had music. Primitive people sought to study the sounds of the surrounding world, they helped them navigate, learn about danger, and hunt. Observing objects and natural phenomena, they created the first musical instruments- drum, harp, flute. Musicians have always learned from nature. Even the sounds of the bell that are heard in church holidays, sound due to the fact that the bell was created in the likeness of a bell flower.

Great musicians also learned from nature: Tchaikovsky was not out of the woods when he wrote children’s songs about nature and the “Seasons” cycle. The forest suggested to him the mood and motives of a piece of music.

The list of musical works about nature is large and varied. I will give just a few works on the spring theme:

I. Haydn. Seasons, part 1

F. Schubert. Spring Dream

J. Bizet. Pastoral

G. Sviridov. Spring cantata

A. Vivaldi "Spring" from the cycle "The Seasons"

W. A. Mozart "The Coming of Spring" (song)

R. Schumann "Spring" Symphony

E. Grieg "In Spring" (piano piece)

N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov "The Snow Maiden" (spring fairy tale)

P. I. Tchaikovsky "That Was in Early Spring"

S. V. Rachmaninov " Spring waters"

I. O. Dunaevsky "Burbling streams"

Astor Piazzolla. "Spring" (from "Seasons in Buenos Aires")

I. Strauss. Spring (Frühling)

I. Stravinsky "The Rite of Spring"

G. Sviridov "Spring and the Sorcerer"

D. Kabalevsky. Symphonic poem"Spring".

S. V. Rachmaninov. "Spring" - cantata for baritone, choir and orchestra.

And this can continue for a long time.

It should be noted that composers perceived and reflected images of nature in their works in different ways:

b) Pantheistic perception of nature - N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, G. Mahler;

c) Romantic perception of nature as a reflection of the inner world of man;

Let's consider the “spring” plays from the cycle “The Seasons” by P. I. Tchaikovsky.

"Seasons" Tchaikovsky is a kind of musical diary of the composer, capturing episodes of life dear to his heart, meetings and pictures of nature. This cycle of 12 characteristic paintings for piano can be called an encyclopedia of Russian estate life of the 19th century and the St. Petersburg city landscape. In his images, Tchaikovsky captured the endless Russian expanses, rural life, pictures of St. Petersburg city landscapes, and scenes from the domestic musical life of Russian people of that time.

"Song of the Lark" March(see Appendix). The lark is a field bird, which in Russia is revered as a spring bird songbird. Her singing is traditionally associated with the arrival of spring, the awakening of all nature from hibernation, and the beginning of a new life. The picture of the spring Russian landscape is drawn with very simple but expressive means. All music is based on two themes: a melodious lyrical melody with modest chord accompaniment and a second one, related to it, but with big ups and wide breathing. The endearing charm of the entire play lies in the organic interweaving of these two themes and different shades of mood - dreamy-sad and bright. Both themes have elements that resemble the trills of the lark's spring song. The first topic creates a kind of frame for the more developed second topic. The play concludes with the fading trills of a lark.

"Snowdrop" April(see Appendix) . Snowdrop is the name given to plants that appear immediately after the winter snow melts. Touchingly after the winter cold, the dead, lifeless pores, small blue or white flowers appear immediately after the winter snow melts. Snowdrop is very popular in Russia. It is revered as a symbol of new emerging life. Poems by many Russian poets are dedicated to him. The play "Snowdrop" is built on a waltz-like rhythm, and is completely imbued with impulse and a surge of emotions. It soulfully conveys the excitement that arises when contemplating spring nature, and the joyful, hidden in the depths of the soul, feeling of hope for the future and hidden expectation. The play has three sections. The first and third repeat each other. But in the middle section there is no bright figurative contrast; rather, there is some change of moods, shades of the same feeling. The emotional rush of the final section continues until the very end.

"White Nights". May (see Appendix).

White nights are the name given to the nights in May in northern Russia, when it is as light at night as during the day. White nights in St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, have always been celebrated with romantic night festivities and singing. The image of the white nights of St. Petersburg is captured in the paintings of Russian artists and poems of Russian poets. This is exactly what “White Nights” is called the story of the great Russian writer F. Dostoevsky.

The music of the play conveys a change of contradictory moods: sorrowful thoughts are replaced by the sweet fading of a soul overflowing with delight against the backdrop of a romantic and completely extraordinary landscape of the White Nights period. The play consists of two large sections, an introduction and a conclusion, which are constant and frame the entire play. The introduction and conclusion are a musical landscape, an image of white nights. The first section is built on short melodies - sighs. They seem to remind you of the silence of a white night on the streets of St. Petersburg, of loneliness, of dreams of happiness. The second section is impetuous and even passionate in mood. The excitement of the soul increases so much that it acquires an enthusiastic and joyful character. After it there is a gradual transition to the conclusion (frame) of the entire play. Everything calms down, and again the listener sees a picture of a northern, white, bright night in St. Petersburg, majestic and austere in its unchanging beauty.

We also listened to several musical works on the theme of spring: P. I. Tchaikovsky “April. Snowdrop”, G. Sviridov “Spring”, A. Vivaldi “Spring”. We found that all the plays have similar features. Each play has a gentle, dreamy, affectionate, soft, friendly character. All these works are united by common means musical expressiveness. The predominant mode is major; register – high, medium; melody – cantilena, tempo – moderate; dynamics - mf. Sviridov and Vivaldi use sound-image elements: the imitation of birdsong is imitated by a flute and violin in a high register.

1.4. Images of nature in music for relaxation

Natural sounds of nature, as is known, help a person achieve a state of harmony with the surrounding reality, come to terms with his inner world, get rid of anxiety and tension, and for some time detach yourself from everyday worries.

Music therapy is one of the oldest means of group psychotherapy, using specific features emotional and psychological impact of music (playing music) on a person (http://slovari.yandex.ru/~books/Clinical%20psychology/Music therapy/)

Corypheas ancient civilization Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato drew the attention of their contemporaries to the healing power of music, which, in their opinion, establishes proportional order and harmony throughout the Universe, including disturbed harmony in the human body. A thousand years ago, the outstanding physician of all times and peoples, Avicenna, treated patients with nervous and mental illnesses with music. In Europe, mention of this refers to early XIX century, when the French psychiatrist Esquirol began to introduce music therapy into psychiatric institutions. It is characteristic that the use of music in medicine was predominantly empirical in nature. In the 20th century, especially in the second half, music therapy as an independent discipline began to be widely practiced in various European countries. Modern research in the field of music therapy are developing in several directions. The study of artistic and aesthetic patterns of musical perception is carried out in aesthetic and music-theoretical works.

First of all, listening to music affects our emotional and sensory perception, which gives a powerful impulse to everyone else. existing systems person. In a calmer state, a person already thinks soberly, understands events around him more subtly, and unconsciously turns on his intuition. All this significantly affects the quality characteristics of the physical body. In some incredible way, a person becomes better, he becomes more cheerful, smarter and more cheerful, which is what each of us needs now.

Nowadays people are increasingly engaged in self-knowledge and self-improvement. Each of us is aimed at internal work, with the help of which we learn new facets of personality. Healingancient shamans and Tibetan monks effectively influence the discovery of internal resources, with the help of which we become healthier, insightful and balanced.

Relaxation is the most best way relax, it is music for relaxation that can properly influence the body and promote maximum relaxation of all muscles. Sometimes not only melody, but also the sounds of nature can have a beneficial effect on the mental and physical state of an organism exhausted by stress.

What exactly can be called relaxation music? Experts refer to this direction melodic tracks with ethnic music, New Age, noise, sometimes some modern electronic music, sounds of nature, oriental meditative songs, traditional Chinese chants and much, much more. What then are the sounds of nature? As a rule, when recording such songs, the singing of birds, the sound of waves, the rustling of leaves are used... In the city it is impossible to hear the roar of the falling water of a waterfall or the measured sound of the surf. For this purpose, the most famous sounds were recorded, arranged, and later received the name “music of nature.” Oddly enough, the same “music” includes the singing of blue whales, the rumble of thunder, the chirping of cicadas and crickets, and the howl of a wolf. The sounds of nature are those sounds that you may never encounter in the wild, but which help create the right atmosphere of being in the mountains or on the seashore.

The main goal of relaxation music is the correct harmonious effect on a person with the goal of completely relaxing all tense muscles and subsequently relieving stress. Oddly enough, music for relaxation can also be used for work. It can serve as a pleasant background during intense intellectual work, without distracting a person from an important matter at all, but creating a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere.

To create the desired effect, performers of relaxation music sometimes use repetition of the same tone several times, a kind of concentration of the composition around one or several tones, which helps to induce a state of light trance and relaxation. A similar technique is used in Goa trance, but in the music of nature there is no such clear rhythmicity. There is no specific set of musical instruments for playing relaxation music. If we talk about relaxing oriental melodies, the main instruments are traditional Chinese or Vietnamese carillons and stone plates, horizontal harps, zithers (multi-string instruments), bamboo flutes, sheng and yu (made from gourd), xun, zheng, guqin, xiao and di , pipa, etc. Traditional Chinese music is one of the most popular types of recreational music. It is often used for relaxation according to the Wu Shu system. To create the right atmosphere and the right mood, you need to listen to music of a certain melody. If the music harmoniously combines the sounds of nature and smooth transitions from one key to another, then it is definitely relaxation music (see the APPENDIX for ethnic musical instruments).

The most interesting trend actively developing in the West is Indian ethnic music for relaxation. Traditional Indian motifs and images are becoming more and more popular every day not only in America, but also in Europe. The songs are performed using pimak (North American Indian flute) and drums. Interest in traditional African music is also increasing. Instruments - Udu drums, shaker and calabash. In Russia, relaxation music is represented by the sounds of Lake Baikal, Buryat chants, and traditional music of the small peoples of the north.

CHAPTER “Practical justification of the problem”

2.1. Environmental problems in contemporary art

Music of the waves, music of the wind... Music of nature. A person, contemplating the beauty of the world around him, understands that this is art, incomparable to anything. Therefore, only having emerged as a concept, ecology became inextricably linked with creativity. The sea, forests, rocks, flowers, birds - all this becomes a source of inspiration. This is how the genres of environmental art were formed. And environmental song has occupied one of the most significant niches.

The environmental movement of our time is a strong and influential organization. The result of human consumption towards the planet is visible to the naked eye today. The air is polluted, forests are cut down, rivers are poisoned, animals are killed. There is no escape from this, no matter where we live. The consequences of our barbaric attitude towards our home, the Earth, can be felt in every corner of it. Therefore, today the “green” movement is more relevant than ever.

To attract public attention to environmental issues, environmentalists use what it has given them - talents. A new trend in eco-art has emerged, called environmental art photography. Photo exhibitions are held in the largest cities of the world, attracting crowds of people. In the photographs, people see what man has done to the environment, as well as the miraculously preserved beauty of nature, which is extremely important to protect. There are also environmental cinema and environmental painting. Ecology has even burst into fashion. Floral design of clothes made from natural fabrics is very popular.

However, the most soulful aspect of eco-art is the music. Today, many show business stars around the world are promoting a “green” lifestyle. They are creating multi-million dollar funds to save the planet. Artists fill entire stadiums. They are trying to overcome people's indifference, awaken in them a love for nature and a desire to preserve its unique beauty.

The first ones appeared"green" people. These were not always scientists and ecologists. For a person who loves nature, profession is not important. This is what they say about bards.

The ecological direction of the verses of bard songs is undeniable. The lines tell us not only about the beauty of nature, but also about what we have done with it. When you sit in the flickering light of dying charcoal fires, you notice how an eagle owl hoots in the darkness, the wind rustles leaves, a river flows, and a man, hugging a guitar, sings to you about the soul of the forest, with all your heart you want to protect it from intrigues, from axes and conflagrations. After all, this is our home:

"I invite you to the forests"

I'll lead you along the path,

She will relieve your fatigue,

And we'll be young again

We're following her lead

In the evening the pines will sing,

Branches will sway overhead.

And it will seem fragile to us

Our strong city comfort.

(A. Yakusheva)

Of course, bard songs cannot be called propaganda for protecting nature. Many authors did not set themselves this goal. They simply sang about forests, seas, mountains. Deep respect is what the bard's song poems call for. Every person initially has a caring attitude towards the gifts of the planet, and the bustle and rigidity of the current civilization makes us forget about the craving for harmony with nature. The bard's song naturally awakens this. The creativity of bards today is rightly equated with environmental education. And its founders are Soviet bards. The songs have already become folklore - environmental folklore. Unfortunately, the original song never made it onto the big stage. But this has not lost its charm and relevance. And she has a future.

Bard music, alas, is not understandable to everyone. After all, in order to feel it, you need to renounce the bustle of the world for a few minutes, otherwise we will see something outdated and boring.

But there is also more mass environmental music, popular and pop. Mainly foreign. For example,Michael Jackson's environmental anthem "Eath Song"Despite the fact that it is pop, the song is extremely deep, meaningful, and sensual. It can awaken many hearts and open many eyes. We live in a dying world (for lyrics, see APPENDIX).

Here's an excerpt from the song:

The skies are falling down, I can't even breathe.

What about the bleeding Earth, do we feel its wounds?

What about nature itself, this is the bosom of our planet.

What about the animals? We have turned kingdoms to dust.

What about the elephants, have we lost their trust?

What's with the screaming whales? We have devastated the seas.

What about the rainforests that were burned despite our pleas?

What about the holy land being torn apart by different creeds?

In Russia the so-calledenvironmental rock. Was created project "Rock of Clean Water".The leader and author of the idea is none other than Shahrin himself from Chaif. This organization includes about 30 rock bands. Russian rockers also want to change the world for the better and save the planet.

The very idea of creating the “Rock” project Pure Water"was born in Sverdlovsk in the 90s of the 20th century. It was initiated by rock club musicians led by the leader of the Chaif group, Vladimir Shakhrin. The idea of a grandiose project - Volga-90 - was born. “Rock of Clear Water” headed for the Volga... Never before has the legendary motor ship “Captain Rachkov,” which has seen a lot during its thirty-year service, become a haven for such a diverse public for 18 days.

In addition to numerous musicians, inspired by the opportunity to convey to young people the pain for the dying river, more than seventy environmental scientists, sociologists, activists of the Volga Rescue Committee and journalists joined the joint work. Along the entire route (Gorky - Kazan - Togliatti - Saratov - Astrakhan - Volgograd - Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Cheboksary - Yaroslavl - Moscow), a unique symbiosis of environmental scientists and rock musicians began to emerge. Ecologists examined the condition of the Volga, took water samples and analyzed them in a special ship laboratory, and the musicians enjoyed the harmony between the sky, the river, colleagues and spectators.

More than twenty rock bands supported the charity event: TV, Auction and Nesterov's Loop from Leningrad, Chaif, Nastya, April March and Reflection from Sverdlovsk, SV from Moscow, Te from Irkutsk, KHRONOP from the Pilgrim Theater, Gorky Park, Judas Golovlev from Saratov, Mission anticyclone from Magadan, natives WEEKEND ET WAIKIKI and Ernst Langhout from Holland...

Participants in the “Rock of Clean Water” campaign called on everyone who is not indifferent to the fate of the great Russian river to fight against the construction of environmentally hazardous facilities in the Volga basin, the burial of radioactive waste and toxic chemicals, the construction of the Volga-Don-2 canal...

A lot of rock musicians are becoming vegans. There are hundreds of vegan rock bands. They don’t want to harm animals or the environment. They want to live in peace and harmony with the environment. To be a part of nature, and not its master, who can take from it everything that is possible and give nothing in return. Of course, many people classify vegans as extreme communities. Not everyone considers it normal to refuse even woolen clothing, since it is of animal origin.

There are composers of environmental songs who prefer to arrange their works in a special way. They actively use the sounds of nature: the splashing of waves, the singing of birds, the voice of a dolphin, the rustling of forest leaves, the wind, etc. They perfectly help convey a musical image and a special attitude – harmony with Mother Nature.

Among these musicians is the American Paul Winter, an eco-jazz musician. He is a Grammy Award winner. Critics call his music “truly alive”, “ecological jazz”, “borderline texture of sounds”. Winter's jazz has everything: folk, classical, ethno, etc. But what makes it alive, ecological and unique are the cries of mountain eagles, the howl of northern wolves, etc.

Rock, rap, jazz, folk, ska, etc. Almost all types of music reflect the theme of ecology. Every time a common misfortune happened in the world, it always ended up in works of art. And now, when we are on the verge of terrible environmental disasters, music picks up our anxieties, worries and – HOPE. The mere fact that the concept of environmental music has appeared suggests that there are caring people. And that means a chance.

2.2. Musical images of nature in the works of schoolchildren

Having become acquainted with A. Vivaldi’s cycle “The Seasons”We decided to find out how schoolchildren can display images of nature in musical works in their creativity.

Three groups of second-graders participated in our study (for fragments of the work, see the APPENDIX). Each group listened and drew a certain piece of music: “Summer. Storm", "Winter", "Autumn" ( creative works children, see APPENDIX).

Here are the results we got.

Spring.

All works are full of positive and joyful emotions. The guys mainly use warm, pastel colors. The predominant colors are: green, turquoise, blue, beige, yellow.

I will briefly describe the plots of the works. In her work, Nastya painted a house, flowers, a birch tree and a sun that smiles at everyone. Arina painted trees, bright sun, a girl swinging on a swing and flying rooks. The other depicts a tree, a clearing through which a stream flows. Anya painted flowers growing in a clearing, a stream, the sun, clouds, trees on which birds are sitting. Sonya painted clouds and birch trees on which birds are sitting. Darina painted a tree growing in a clearing, the sun and a bird flying in the air and singing.

Summer. Storm.

Works based on the play “Summer” have a completely different content. Swift, flying emotions are felt in all works. In almost all works we can see a multi-colored whirlwind swirling on the sea with huge waves, and winds blowing around strong wind. A lot of guys use blue and all the bright and dark colors.

I will briefly describe the plots of the works.

In their work, Darina and Sonya painted large waves that, swirling, crash onto a small island in the ocean, it rains, and lightning flashes.

Another work depicts two multi-colored whirlwinds, clouds and rain. This work is full of impressive, swift and menacing emotions.

In her work, Anya painted a strong wind, a raging sea and a boat lost in the waves.

In her work, Arina painted a clearing in which a tree grows and a house carried away by a hurricane. Her drawing evokes mixed feelings. This unexpected hurricane in the middle of a beautiful clearing... Arina painted the whole picture with light colors, only the hurricane is painted in dark colors.

At other jobs, everything is mixed. The hurricane almost merges with everything else: the wind, the sea, a steamship visible somewhere, which helps convey the real atmosphere of a thunderstorm and storm. This work uses the most colors.

Winter.

Let us turn to the drawings based on the play “Winter”. In all the drawings the guys use soft, pastel colors. The predominant colors are blue, pink, lilac, and purple.

In her work, Varya painted snowdrifts. There is a sense of joy and coldness in her work. Diana drew snowdrifts along which a boy was sliding on a sled. Her work evokes joyful emotions. Dima drew a tree, snow falling from the sky and a house.

Sasha's work depicts snow falling from the sky and a lonely house. His work causes melancholy and loneliness.

As we can see, what all these works have in common is the mood and emotions of the drawings on a specific topic, but each one draws the plot differently.

CONCLUSION

All writers, composers, artists, as convinced connoisseurs of true beauty, prove that human influence on nature should not be destructive for it, because every meeting with nature is a meeting with beauty, a touch of mystery.

Loving nature means not only enjoying it, but also treating it with care.Man is one with nature. He won't be able to exist without her. The main task of a person is to preserve and increase its wealth. And on at the moment Nature really needs care, so environmental problems are very important in our time. They apply to each of us. Personifying nature, music can make a person think about its fate. Listening to such music, we think about nature and its ecology.

Composers and musicians-performers in their works not only admire, but also make people think, and warn about what an unreasonable consumer attitude towards nature can lead to.

Nature in the works of composers is a reflection of its real sound, the expression of specific images. Nowadays, issues of environmental conservation and interaction between man and nature are especially acute.