Romanticismartists of the romantic school. Romanticism as a movement in art Examples of romanticism in art

The art of romanticism was formed in polemics with classicism. IN social aspect The emergence of romanticism is associated with the Great French Revolution of the 18th century; it arises as a reaction of general enthusiasm about its beginning, but also as a deep disappointment in human capabilities in the event of its defeat. Moreover, German romanticism was later considered a bloodless variant French Revolution.

As an ideological and artistic movement, romanticism manifested itself in the first half of the 19th century. It arises primarily as literary direction- here the activity of romantics is high and successful. No less significant is the music of that time: vocals, instrumental music, musical theater(opera and ballet) of romanticism still form the basis of the repertoire today. However, in the visual and spatial arts, romanticism showed itself less clearly both in the number of works created and in their level. Romanticism painting reaches the level of masterpieces in Germany and France, the rest of Europe lags behind. It is not customary to talk about the architecture of romanticism. Only landscape gardening art shows some originality here, and even then the romantics developed here the idea of an English landscape, or natural, park. There is also a place for some neo-Gothic tendencies; the romantics saw their art in the series: Gothic - Baroque - Romanticism. There are many such neo-Gothics in Slavic countries.

Fine art of romanticism

In the 18th century the term "romantic" meant "strange", "fantastic", "picturesque". It is easy to notice that the words “romance”, “romance” (knightly) are etymologically very close.

In the 19th century the term was interpreted as a name literary movement, opposite in its attitudes to classicism.

In the fine arts, romanticism showed itself interestingly in painting and graphics, less clearly in sculpture. The most consistent school of romanticism developed in France, where there was a persistent struggle against dogmatism and abstract rationalism in official art in the spirit of academic classicism. Founder romantic school painting appeared Theodore Gericault (1791-1824). He studied with the masters of classicism, but, having retained from classicism the inclination towards generally heroic images, Géricault for the first time expressed in painting the feeling of conflict in the world, the desire for expressive expression of significant events of our time. Already the artist’s first works reveal high emotionality, the “nerve” of the era of the Napoleonic wars, in which there was a lot of bravado (“Officer of the mounted rangers of the imperial guard, going on the attack,” “Wounded cuirassier leaving the battlefield”). They are marked by a tragic attitude and a feeling of confusion. The heroes of classicism did not experience such feelings or did not express them publicly and did not aestheticize despondency, confusion, and melancholy. The picturesque canvases of the artists of romanticism are painted dynamically; the coloring is dominated by a dark tone, which is enlivened by intense color accents and rapid impasto strokes.

Gericault creates an incredibly dynamic picture "Running of Free Horses in Rome." Here he surpasses all previous artists in convincingly conveying movement. One of Gericault's main works is the painting "The Raft of Medusa". In it he depicts real facts, but with such a force of generalization that contemporaries saw in it not the image of one specific shipwreck, but of all of Europe in despair. And only a few, the most persistent people continue to fight for survival. The artist shows a complex range of human feelings - from gloomy despair to a stormy explosion of hope. The dynamics of this canvas are determined by the diagonal of the composition, the effective sculpting of volumes, and contrasting differences in light and shade.

Gericault managed to prove himself as a master portrait genre. Here he also acts as an innovator, defining the figurative specifics of the portrait genre. “Portrait of a Twenty-Year-Old Delacroix” and self-portraits express the idea of a romantic artist as an independent creator, a bright, emotional personality. He lays the foundations for the romantic portrait - later one of the most successful romantic genres.

Gericault also became familiar with the landscape. Traveling around England, he was amazed by its appearance and paid tribute to its beauty by creating many landscape paintings, painted in both oil and watercolor. They are rich in color, subtle in observation, and not averse to social criticism. The artist called them "Large and Small English Suites". How typical for a romantic to call a pictorial cycle a musical term!

Unfortunately, Gericault's life was short, but he laid the foundation for a glorious tradition.

Since the 1820s becomes the head of romantic painters Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863). He was strongly influenced by Gericault, with whom he was friends from his student days. He studied the painting of old masters, especially Rubens. He traveled around England and was fascinated by Constable's paintings. Delacroix had a passionate temperament, powerful creative imagination and high efficiency. From the initial steps in his professional career, Delacroix decisively followed the romantics. The first painting he exhibited was of Dante and Virgil in a boat crossing the Styx (Dante's Boat). The picture is full of tragedy and gloomy pathos. With his next painting, “The Massacre on Chios,” he responded to real events, associated with the suffering of the Greeks from the Turkish yoke. Here he openly expressed his political position, taking the side of the Greeks in the conflict, with whom he sympathized, while the French government flirted with Turkey.

The painting caused both political and art criticism, especially after Delacroix, under the influence of Constable’s work, rewrote the painting in a more light colors. In response to criticism, the artist creates the canvas “Greece on the Ruins of Missolunga”, in which he again addresses the burning theme of Greece’s struggle for liberation from the Turkish yoke. This painting by Delacroix is more symbolic, a female figure with a raised hand in a gesture of either a curse on the invaders or a call to fight, personifies the entire country. It seems to anticipate the image of Freedom in the artist’s future, most famous work.

In search of new heroes, strong personalities Delacroix often refers to literary images Shakespeare, Goethe, Byron, Scott: “Tasso in the Lunatic Asylum”, “The Death of Sardanapalus”, “The Murder of the Bishop of Liege”; makes lithographs for “Faust” and “Hamlet”, expressing the subtlest shades of the characters’ feelings, which earned Goethe’s praise. Delacroix approaches fiction the way his predecessors approached Holy Scripture, making it an endless source of subjects for paintings.

In 1830, under the direct impression of the July Revolution, Delacroix painted a large canvas, “Liberty Leading the People” (“Freedom on the Barricades”). Above the realistically depicted figures of participants in the revolutionary struggle, poor, mostly young people inspired by the struggle, hovers a magnificent woman, reminiscent of Veronese’s “geniuses”. She has a banner in her hands, her face is inspired. This is not just an allegory of freedom in the spirit of classicism, it is a high symbol of revolutionary impulse. However, one cannot renounce the living, sensual female figure- she’s so attractive. The picture turned out to be complex, charming, and dynamic.

Like a true romantic, Delacroix travels to exotic countries: Algeria, Morocco. From his trip he brings back five paintings, including “Lion Hunt in Morocco,” apparently a tribute to his beloved Rubens.

Delacroix works a lot as a decorator, creating monumental works in the Bourbon and Luxembourg palaces and Parisian churches. He continues to work in the portrait genre, creating images of people of the Romantic era, for example F. Chopin. Delacroix's creativity belongs to the peaks paintings of the 19th century V.

Painting and graphics German romanticism mostly tends towards sentimentalism. And if German romantic literature really constitutes an entire era, then this cannot be said about the fine arts: in literature there was Sturm and Drang, and in the fine arts there was the idealization of family patriarchal life. Creativity is indicative in this sense Ludwig Richter (1803-1884): “Forest spring near Aricci”, “Wedding procession in spring”, etc. He also owns numerous drawings on themes of fairy tales and folk songs, made in a rather dry manner.

But there is one large-scale figure in German romanticism that cannot be ignored. This Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840). He was a landscape painter and studied at the Academy of Arts in Copenhagen. Later he settled in Dresden and began teaching.

His landscape style is original, the paintings are remembered from the first acquaintance, you can feel in them that these are landscapes of a romantic artist: they consistently express the specifics of the romantic worldview. He painted landscapes of southern Germany and the Baltic coast, wild rocks overgrown with forest, desert dunes, and the frozen sea. People are sometimes present in his paintings, but we rarely see their faces: the figures, as a rule, have their backs turned to the viewer. Frederick sought to convey the elemental power of nature. He searched and discovered consonances natural forces and human moods and quests. And although he reflects life quite accurately, Friedrich's art is not realistic. This frightened off Soviet art critics in the recent past; little was written about the artist, and there were almost no reproductions of him. Now the situation has changed, and we can enjoy the deep spirituality of his paintings, the melancholy detached contemplation of Friedrich’s landscapes. The clear rhythm of the composition and the severity of the drawing are combined in his works with contrasts of chiaroscuro, rich in lighting effects. But sometimes Friedrich reaches the point of aching melancholy in his emotionality, a feeling of the frailty of everything earthly, to the numbness of a mystical trance. Today we are experiencing a surge of interest in Friedrich's work. His most successful works are “The Death of “Nadezhda” in the Ice”, “Monastery Cemetery under the Snow”, “Mass in a Gothic Ruin”, “Sunset on the Sea”, etc.

IN Russian romanticism There is a lot of contradictory things in painting. Besides for many years it was believed that good artist- realist. This is probably why the opinion has been established that O. Kiprensky and A. Venetsianov, V. Tropinin and even A. Kuindzhi are realists, which seems to us incorrect, they are romantics.

Romanticism - (French romantisme, from the medieval French romant - novel) is a direction in art that was formed within the framework of a general literary movement at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. in Germany. It has become widespread in all countries of Europe and America. The highest peak of romanticism occurred in the first quarter of the 19th century.

The French word romantisme goes back to the Spanish romance (in the Middle Ages this was the name for Spanish romances, and then romance), English romantic, which turned into the 18th century. in romantique and then meaning “strange”, “fantastic”, “picturesque”. IN early XIX V. Romanticism becomes the designation of a new direction, opposite to classicism.

Entering into the antithesis of “classicism” - “romanticism,” the movement suggested the opposition of the classicist demand for rules to romantic freedom from rules. The center of the artistic system of romanticism is the individual, and his main conflict- individuals and society. The decisive prerequisite for the development of romanticism were the events of the Great French Revolution. The emergence of romanticism is associated with the anti-Enlightenment movement, the reasons for which lie in disappointment in civilization, in social, industrial, political and scientific progress, the result of which was new contrasts and contradictions, leveling and spiritual devastation of the individual.

The Enlightenment preached the new society as the most “natural” and “reasonable”. The best minds Europe justified and foreshadowed this society of the future, but reality turned out to be beyond the control of “reason,” the future became unpredictable, irrational, and the modern social order began to threaten human nature and his personal freedom. Rejection of this society, protest against lack of spirituality and selfishness is already reflected in sentimentalism and pre-romanticism. Romanticism expresses this rejection most acutely. Romanticism also opposed the Age of Enlightenment in verbal terms: the language of romantic works, striving to be natural, “simple”, accessible to all readers, was something opposite to the classics with its noble, “sublime” themes, characteristic, for example, of classical tragedy.

Among the late Western European romantics, pessimism towards society acquires cosmic proportions and becomes the “disease of the century.” The heroes of many romantic works are characterized by moods of hopelessness and despair, which acquire a universal human character. Perfection is lost forever, the world is ruled by evil, ancient chaos is resurrected. The theme of the “terrible world”, characteristic of all romantic literature, was most clearly embodied in the so-called “black genre” (in the pre-romantic “Gothic novel” - A. Radcliffe, C. Maturin, in the “drama of rock”, or “tragedy of rock” - Z. Werner, G. Kleist, F. Grillparzer), as well as in the works of Byron, C. Brentano, E. T. A. Hoffmann, E. Poe and N. Hawthorne.

At the same time, romanticism is based on ideas that challenge the “terrible world” - above all, the ideas of freedom. The disappointment of romanticism is a disappointment in reality, but progress and civilization are only one side of it. Rejection of this side, lack of faith in the possibilities of civilization provide another path, the path to the ideal, to the eternal, to the absolute. This path must resolve all contradictions and completely change life. This is the path to perfection, “towards a goal, the explanation of which must be sought on the other side of the visible” (A. De Vigny). For some romantics, the world is dominated by incomprehensible and mysterious forces that must be obeyed and not try to change fate (Chateaubriand, V.A. Zhukovsky). For others, “world evil” caused protest, demanded revenge and struggle (early A.S. Pushkin). What they had in common was that they all saw in man a single essence, the task of which is not at all limited to solving everyday problems. On the contrary, without denying everyday life, the romantics sought to unravel the mystery of human existence, turning to nature, trusting their religious and poetic feelings.

A romantic hero is a complex, passionate personality, whose inner world is unusually deep and endless; it is a whole universe full of contradictions. Romantics were interested in all passions, both high and low, which were opposed to each other. High passion is love in all its manifestations, low passion is greed, ambition, envy. The romantics contrasted the life of the spirit, especially religion, art, and philosophy, with the base material practice. Interest in strong and vivid feelings, all-consuming passions, secret movements of the soul - characteristic features romanticism.

We can talk about romance as a special type of personality - a person of strong passions and high aspirations, incompatible with the everyday world. Exceptional circumstances accompany this nature. Science fiction becomes attractive to romantics folk music, poetry, legends - everything that for a century and a half was considered as minor genres, not worth attention. Romanticism is characterized by the affirmation of freedom, the sovereignty of the individual, increased attention to the individual, the unique in man, and the cult of the individual. Confidence in a person’s self-worth turns into a protest against the fate of history. Often a hero romantic work becomes an artist capable of creatively perceiving reality. The classicist “imitation of nature” is contrasted with the creative energy of the artist who transforms reality. A special world is created, more beautiful and real than the empirically perceived reality. It is creativity that is the meaning of existence; it represents the highest value of the universe. Romantics passionately defended the creative freedom of the artist, his imagination, believing that the genius of the artist does not obey the rules, but creates them.

Romantics turned to various historical eras, they were attracted by their originality, attracted by exotic and mysterious countries and circumstances. Interest in history became one of the enduring achievements of the artistic system of romanticism. He expressed himself in the creation of the genre historical novel, the founder of which is considered to be W. Scott, and in general the novel, which acquired a leading position in the era under consideration. Romantics reproduce in detail and accurately the historical details, background, and flavor of a particular era, but romantic characters are given outside of history; they, as a rule, are above circumstances and do not depend on them. At the same time, the romantics perceived the novel as a means of comprehending history, and from history they went to penetrate into the secrets of psychology, and, accordingly, of modernity. Interest in history was also reflected in the works of historians of the French romantic school (A. Thierry, F. Guizot, F. O. Meunier).

It was in the era of Romanticism that the discovery of the culture of the Middle Ages took place, and the admiration for antiquity, characteristic of the previous era, also did not weaken at the end of the 18th - beginning. XIX centuries Variety of national, historical, individual characteristics It also had a philosophical meaning: the wealth of a single world whole consists of the combination of these individual features, and the study of the history of each people separately makes it possible to trace, as Burke put it, uninterrupted life through new generations following one after another.

The era of Romanticism was marked by the flourishing of literature, one of the distinctive properties of which was a passion for social and political problems. Trying to comprehend the role of man in ongoing historical events, romantic writers gravitated toward accuracy, specificity, and authenticity. At the same time, the action of their works often takes place in an unusual setting for a European - for example, in the East and America, or, for Russians, in the Caucasus or Crimea. Thus, romantic poets are primarily lyricists and poets of nature, and therefore in their work (as well as in many prose writers), landscape occupies a significant place - first of all, the sea, mountains, sky, stormy elements with which the hero is associated complex relationships. Nature can be akin to a passionate nature romantic hero, but can also resist him, turn out to be a hostile force with which he is forced to fight.

Extraordinary and bright pictures nature, life, way of life and customs of distant countries and peoples also inspired the romantics. They were looking for the traits that constitute the fundamental basis of the national spirit. National identity is manifested primarily in oral folk art. Hence the interest in folklore, the processing of folklore works, the creation of their own works based on folk art.

The development of the genres of the historical novel, fantastic story, lyric-epic poem, ballad is the merit of the romantics. Their innovation was also manifested in lyrics, in particular, in the use of polysemy of words, the development of associativity, metaphor, and discoveries in the field of versification, meter, and rhythm.

Romanticism is characterized by a synthesis of genders and genres, their interpenetration. Romantic art system was based on a synthesis of art, philosophy, and religion. For example, for a thinker like Herder, linguistic research, philosophical doctrines, and travel notes serve the search for ways to revolutionize culture. He inherited many of the achievements of romanticism realism XIX V. - a penchant for fantasy, the grotesque, a mixture of high and low, tragic and comic, the discovery of “subjective man.”

In the era of romanticism, not only literature flourished, but also many sciences: sociology, history, political science, chemistry, biology, evolutionary doctrine, philosophy (Hegel, D. Hume, I. Kant, Fichte, natural philosophy, the essence of which boils down to the fact that nature - one of the garments of God, “the living garment of the Divine”).

Romanticism is a cultural phenomenon in Europe and America. IN different countries his fate had its own characteristics.

National consolidation, strengthened by patriotic enthusiasm Patriotic War 1812, manifested itself in an increased interest in art and in an increased interest in folk life generally. The popularity of exhibitions at the Academy of Arts is growing. Since 1824, they began to be held regularly - every three years. The Journal begins to appear fine arts" Collecting is making itself known more widely. In addition to the museum at the Academy of Arts, in 1825 the “Russian Gallery” was created in the Hermitage. In the 1810s. The “Russian Museum” of P. Svinin was opened.

The victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 was one of the reasons for the emergence of a new ideal, which was based on the idea of an independent, proud personality, overwhelmed by strong passions. Painting affirms new style- romanticism, which gradually replaced classicism, which was considered the official style, in which religious and mythological themes predominated.

Already in the early paintings of K. L. Bryullov (1799-1852) “Italian Afternoon”, “Bathsheba”, not only the skill and brilliance of the artist’s imagination, but also the romanticism of the worldview were revealed. Home work K. P. Bryullov’s “The Last Day of Pompeii” is imbued with the spirit of historicism; its main content is not the feat of an individual hero, but tragic fate masses of people. This picture indirectly reflected the tragic atmosphere of the despotism of the regime of Nicholas I; it became an event in the public life of the state.

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Romanticism manifested itself in portrait painting O. A. Kiprensky (1782-1836). Since 1812, the artist created graphic portraits of participants in the Patriotic War who were his friends. One of the best creations of O. A. Kiprensky is considered to be the portrait of A. S. Pushkin, after seeing which great poet wrote: “I see myself as if in a mirror, but this mirror flatters me.”

The traditions of romanticism were developed by the marine painter I.K. Aivazovsky (1817-1900). His works that recreated the greatness and power of the sea elements brought him universal fame (“The Ninth Wave”, “The Black Sea”). He dedicated many paintings to the exploits of Russian sailors (“Battle of Chesma”, “Battle of Navarino”). During the Crimean War 1853-1856. in besieged Sevastopol, he organized an exhibition of his battle paintings. Subsequently, based on sketches from nature, he depicted the heroic defense of Sevastopol in a number of paintings.

V.A. Tropinin (1776-1857), brought up in the sentimentalist tradition of the late 18th century, experienced the enormous influence of the new romantic wave. Himself a former serf, the artist created a gallery of images of artisans, servants and peasants, giving them traits of spiritual nobility (“Lacemaker”, “Seamstress”). Details of everyday life and work activities bring these portraits closer to genre painting.

At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, the ideas of classicism and Enlightenment lost their attractiveness and relevance. New which, in response to the canonical techniques of classicism and the moral social theories of the Enlightenment, turned to man, his inner world, gained strength and captured minds. Romanticism became very widespread in all areas cultural life and philosophy. Musicians, artists and writers in their works sought to show the high purpose of man, his rich spiritual world, the depth of feelings and experiences. From now on, a man with his internal struggle, spiritual quests and experiences, and not “blurred” ideas of general well-being and prosperity, became the dominant theme in works of art.

Romanticism in painting

Painters convey the depth of ideas and their personal experiences through their creations using composition, color, and accents. Different European countries had their own peculiarities in the interpretation romantic images. This is due to philosophical trends, as well as the socio-political situation, to which art was a living response. Painting was no exception. Germany, fragmented into small principalities and duchies, did not experience serious social upheavals; artists did not create monumental canvases depicting titanic heroes; there was deep interest here spiritual world man, his beauty and greatness, moral quest. Therefore, romanticism in German painting is most fully represented in portraits and landscapes. The works of Otto Runge are classic designs this genre. In the portraits made by the painter, through the subtle elaboration of facial features, eyes, through the contrast of light and shadow, the artist’s desire to show the inconsistency of personality, its power and depth of feeling is conveyed. Through the landscape, a slightly fantastic, exaggerated image of trees, flowers and birds, the artist also tried to discover the versatility of the human personality, its similarity with nature, diverse and unknown. A bright representative romanticism in painting was the landscape artist K. D. Friedrich, who emphasized the strength and power of nature, mountains, seascapes, consonant with man.

Romanticism in French painting developed according to different principles. Revolutionary upheavals, stormy social life manifested themselves in painting by the artists’ tendency to depict historical and fantastic subjects, with pathos and “nervous” excitement, which was achieved by bright color contrast, expression of movements, some chaos, and spontaneity of the composition. Romantic ideas are most fully and vividly represented in the works of T. Gericault and E. Delacroix. The artists masterfully used color and light, creating a pulsating depth of feeling, a sublime impulse towards struggle and freedom.

Romanticism in Russian painting

Russian social thought responded very keenly to new directions and trends emerging in Europe. and then the war with Napoleon - those significant historical events that most seriously influenced the philosophical and cultural quest of the Russian intelligentsia. Romanticism in Russian painting was represented in three main landscapes, monumental art, where the influence of classicism was very strong, and romantic ideas were closely intertwined with academic canons.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, increasing attention was paid to the depiction of the creative intelligentsia, poets and artists of Russia, as well as ordinary people and peasants. Kiprensky, Tropinin, Bryullov with great love they tried to show the depth and beauty of a person’s personality, through a glance, a turn of the head, and details of a costume to convey the spiritual quest and freedom-loving character of their “models.” Great interest in a person's personality, her central place in art contributed to the flourishing of the genre of self-portrait. Moreover, the artists did not paint self-portraits to order; it was a creative impulse, a kind of self-report to their contemporaries.

Landscapes in the works of the romantics were also distinguished by their originality. Romanticism in painting reflected and conveyed a person’s mood; the landscape had to be in tune with it. That is why artists tried to depict the rebellious nature of nature, its power and spontaneity. Orlovsky, Shchedrin, depicting the sea element, mighty trees, mountain ranges, on the one hand, conveyed the beauty and diversity of real landscapes, on the other, created a certain emotional mood.

The presentation will introduce the work of outstanding painters of France, Germany, Spain and England of the Romantic era.

Romanticism in European painting

Romanticism is a movement in the spiritual culture of the late 18th - first third of the 19th centuries. The reason for its appearance was disappointment in the results of the French Revolution. The motto of the revolution is “Freedom, equality, brotherhood!” turned out to be utopian. The Napoleonic epic that followed the revolution and the gloomy reaction caused a mood of disappointment in life and pessimism. A new fashionable disease “World Sorrow” quickly spread in Europe and a new hero appeared, yearning, wandering around the world in search of an ideal, and more often - in search of death.

Contents of Romantic Art

In the era of gloomy reaction, the English poet George Byron became the ruler of thoughts. His hero Childe Harold is a gloomy thinker, tormented by melancholy, wandering around the world in search of death and parting with life without any regret. My readers, I’m sure, now remember Onegin, Pechorin, Mikhail Lermontov. The main thing that distinguishes a romantic hero is his absolute rejection of gray, everyday life. The romantic and the philistine are antagonists.

"Oh, let me bleed,

But give me space quickly.

I'm scared to suffocate here,

In the damned world of traders...

No, better is a vile vice,

Robbery, violence, robbery,

Than accountant morality

And the virtue of well-fed faces.

Hey little cloud, take me away

Take it with you on a long journey,

To Lapland, or to Africa,

Or at least to Stettin - somewhere!

G. Heine

Escape from the gray everyday life becomes the main content of the art of romanticism. Where can a romantic “escape” from everyday life and dullness? If you, my dear reader, are a romantic at heart, then you can easily answer this question. Firstly, The distant past becomes attractive to our hero, most often the Middle Ages with its noble knights, tournaments, mysterious castles, Beautiful Ladies. The Middle Ages were idealized and glorified in the novels of Walter Scott, Victor Hugo, in the poetry of German and English poets, in the operas of Weber, Meyerbeer, and Wagner. In 1764, the first English "Gothic" horror novel, Walpoll's The Castle of Otranto, was published. In Germany at the beginning of the 19th century, Ernest Hoffmann wrote “The Devil’s Elixir”; by the way, I advise you to read it. Secondly, a wonderful opportunity for “escape” for a romantic was the sphere of pure fiction, the creation of an imaginary, fantastic world. Remember Hoffmann, his “Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes”, “The Golden Pot”. It’s clear why Tolkien’s novels and Harry Potter stories are so popular these days. There are always romances! After all, this is a state of mind, don’t you agree?

Third way The romantic hero’s escape from reality is an escape to exotic countries untouched by civilization. This path led to the need for a systematic study of folklore. The art of romanticism was based on ballads, legends, and epics. Many works of romantic fine art and musical art related to literature. Shakespeare, Cervantes, Dante again become the rulers of thoughts.

Romanticism in fine arts

In each country, the art of romanticism acquired its own national traits, but at the same time all their works have much in common. All romantic artists are united by a special attitude towards nature. The landscape, in contrast to the works of classicism, where it served only as decoration, a background, for romantics acquires a soul. The landscape helps to emphasize the state of the hero. It will be useful to compare European fine art of romanticism with art and.

Romantic art prefers the night landscape, cemeteries, gray mists, wild rocks, ruins of ancient castles and monasteries. A special attitude towards nature contributed to the birth of the famous landscape English parks (remember regular French parks with straight alleys and trimmed bushes and trees). The subjects of paintings are often stories and legends of the past.

Presentation "Romanticism in European fine arts» contains a large number of illustrations introducing the work of outstanding romantic artists of France, Spain, Germany, and England.

If the topic interests you, perhaps you, dear reader, will be interested in reading the material in the article “ Romanticism: passionate nature" on the Arthive website dedicated to art.

I found most of the illustrations in excellent quality on the website Gallerix.ru. For those who want to go deeper into the topic, I recommend reading it:

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