School stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in literature. In what works of Russian literature are images of historical figures created and in what ways can they be compared with Tolstoy’s assessment of real historical figures? Which literary heroes are real?
1.1. Suddenly there is a snowstorm all around;
The snow is falling in clumps;
The black corvid, whistling with its wing,
Hovering over the sleigh;
The raven croaks: sadness!
The horses are in a hurry
They look sensitively into the distance,
Raising their manes.
1.2. Then everything disappeared: the meadows and the skies.
We're in a dark room. To complete the miracle
The floor opened - and you are from there,
Pale as death, and hair on end!
Then the doors opened with thunder
Some are not people or animals.
We were separated - and they tortured the one sitting with me
1.3 . This night they dressed me in the evening...
black blanket
on a yew bed;
scooped me blue wine,
mixed with grief;
they poured filthy foreigners on me from the empty quivers
large pearls on the chest
and undead me.
1.4 .And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes... Yes, you, mother, then father... As soon as I start to fall asleep, then I see that you, mother, deign to beat father... So I felt sorry for... you, mother: you are so tired, beating father ...
2. What works are the excerpts taken from? Name their authors and genre
belonging.
2.1. Kings and kingdoms of the earth are a delight,
Beloved silence,
The bliss of the villages, the city fence,
How useful and beautiful you are!
The flowers around you are full of flowers
And the fields in the fields turn yellow;
The ships are full of treasures
They dare to follow you into the sea;
You sprinkle with a generous hand
Your wealth on earth.
2.2. The sensitive, kind old woman, seeing her daughter’s tirelessness, often pressed her to her weakly beating heart, called her divine mercy, nurse, the joy of her old age, and prayed to God to reward her for what she did for her mother.
2.3 . Suddenly there is a snowstorm all around;
The snow is falling in clumps;
The black corvid, whistling with its wing,
Hovering over the sleigh;
The raven croaks: sadness!
The horses are in a hurry
They look sensitively into the distance,
Raising their manes.
3. In the list of works by A. Pushkin below, their names are mixed up. From the words that make up the incorrect titles, restore the true names.
“Journey to the village of Kirdzhali”, “Prisoner of Peter the Great”, “Arap in Kolomna”, “The House of an Egyptian Peasant Woman”, “Caucasian Robbers”, “The History of Arzrum”, “The Brothers of Count Nulin”, “Nights of the Young Lady Goryukhina”.
4. What literary heroes, real historical figures, depicted in the following passages? Name the work and author.
4.1 . His eyes
They shine. His face is terrible.
The movements are fast. He's wonderful.
He's like God's thunderstorm.
It's coming. They bring him a horse.
The faithful horse is zealous and humble,
Feeling the fatal fire,
Trembling. He looks askance with his eyes
And rushes in the dust of battle,
Proud of the mighty rider.
4.2 . Here the king frowned his black eyebrows
And he focused his keen eyes on him,
Like a hawk looked from the heights of heaven
To the young blue-winged dove, -
Yes, the young fighter did not look up.
4.3. He was wearing a beautiful Cossack caftan, trimmed with braid. Tall sable hat with
golden tassels were pulled over his sparkling eyes. ... sat in first place,
leaning his elbows on the table and propping up his black beard with his wide fist.
5. What work are we talking about?
5.1. “The greatest patriotic poem is dedicated not to one of the victories, of which Russian weapons had many, but to a terrible defeat, in which for the first time in Russian history the prince was captured and the army was almost destroyed!” ()
5.2 . They say that one of the young nobles recognized himself in the hero of this work and was so shocked that he threw himself into learning, studied at home and abroad, studied languages, philosophy, the history of painting... This was Nikolai Alekseevich Olenin, one of the most educated people of his time .
5.3 . When I was passing through Yekaterinoslavl, two brothers escaped from the local prison. The poet himself testifies to this: “In 1820... two robbers, chained together, swam across the Dnieper and escaped. Their rest on the island and the drowning of one of the guards were not invented by me.” This incident became the reason for writing a long poem, which the author then destroyed, leaving only the beginning. This passage turned into an independent poem.
6. Explain the meaning of mythological names in the given texts.
6.1. Like a crane's wedge into foreign borders -
On the heads of kings there is divine foam -
Where are you sailing? Whenever Elena
What is Troy alone for you, Achaean men?
(O. Mandelstam)
6.2. “Here are the winds, the grandchildren of Stribog, blowing arrows from the sea...” (“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”)
7. Give an interpretation literary terms mentioned in an excerpt from the work “Fairy Tale for Children”.
The weapon is excellent: you throw an epigram in the face of your enemies...
Do you want to annoy your friends?
Give them a poem or a drama!
8. Interpretation of the poetic text. Suggest your option literary analysis this poem.
Does the beast roar in the deep forest,
Does the horn blow, does the thunder roar,
Is the maiden behind the hill singing?
For every sound
Your response in the empty air
You will give birth suddenly.
You listen to the roar of thunder,
And the voice of the storm and the waves,
And the cry of rural shepherds -
And you send an answer;
You don’t have any feedback... That’s it
And you, poet! (1831)
Genre features 1 point; - chronotope 1 point; - poetic vocabulary 2 points;
Poetic syntax 2 points - sound writing 2 points; - integrity and compositional harmony of interpretation 2 points.
The maximum number of points is 24. Maximum quantity points for the entire work - 60 points.
Restoring a face from a skull, or the method of anthropological reconstruction of the appearance on a craniological basis, of famous (and not only) historical characters is a favorite pastime of anthropologists. Not long ago, scientists presented to the public their vision of Tutankhamun’s appearance. It is difficult to judge the degree to which the reconstruction results correspond to the true appearance of the heroes of the past. Sometimes even the reconstruction objects themselves turn out to be not what they were thought to be. But it's always interesting to look at them. Let's get acquainted with historical figures who have already sunk into oblivion, but look like living ones.
In 2003, Egyptologist Joanne Fletcher identified the KV35YL mummy as Nefertiti, the “chief consort” of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten of the 18th dynasty. At the same time, a reconstruction of its appearance was carried out. However, in 2010, as a result of a DNA study, it turned out that the remains do not belong to Nefertiti, but to Akhenaten’s other “other half,” and also his sister. True, perhaps she was the wife of another pharaoh - Smenkhkare. However, Egyptologists agree that the remains belong to Tutankhamun's mother.
2. British scientists, using a virtual autopsy, recreated the appearance of Tutankhamun, the pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of the New Kingdom, who ruled Egypt in 1332–1323 BC.
Scientists believe that Tutankhamun suffered from genetic diseases, as well as malaria, which may have been the cause of his early death: the pharaoh died at the age of 19. Half of the men living in Western Europe, are descendants of Egyptian pharaohs and, in particular, relatives of Tutankhamun, scientists believe. Common ancestor of the ruler Ancient Egypt and European men with haplogroup R1b1a2 lived in the Caucasus about 9.5 thousand years ago. The carriers of the “pharaonic” haplogroup began migrating to Europe approximately 7 thousand years ago.
3. Apostle Paul is a major figure in world history, one of the authors of the New Testament and one of the founders of Christianity.
Saint Paul lived from 5 to 67 AD. Paul created numerous Christian communities in Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. In 2009, for the first time in history, a scientific study of the sarcophagus located under the altar of the Roman temple of San Paolo Fuori le Mura was carried out. Bone fragments were found in the sarcophagus and were subjected to carbon-14 testing by experts who were unaware of their origin. According to the results, they belong to a person who lived between the 1st and 2nd centuries. This confirms the undisputed tradition that we are talking about the remains of the Apostle Paul.
4. King Richard III, reconstructed from the remains discovered in the autumn of 2012 under a car park in Leicester.
Richard III - the last representative of the Plantagenet male line on the English throne, reigned from 1483 to 1485. It was recently established that Richard III died on the battlefield after dismounting and losing his helmet. Before his death, the English king received 11 wounds, nine of them to the head. The absence of wounds on the arm bones suggests that the monarch was still wearing armor at the time of his death. Richard III was killed at the Battle of the Bosfort while fighting the pretender to the throne, Henry Tudor (the future King Henry VII).
5. The remains of the creator of the medieval heliocentric picture of the world, Nicolaus Copernicus, were discovered in the Frombork Cathedral (modern Poland) in 2005. In Warsaw, a computer reconstruction of the face was performed at the Central Forensic Laboratory.
In 2010 International Union theoretical and applied chemistry were given names, and in 2011 the designations of the elements were officially approved: darmstadtium, roentgenium and copernicium (or copernicium), with numbers 110, 111 and 112, respectively. Initially, the symbol Cp was proposed for the 112th element, Copernicium, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, then it was changed to Cn.
6. In 2008, Scottish anthropologist Caroline Wilkinson reconstructed the appearance of the great German composer 18th century Johann Sebastian Bach.
Bach's remains were exhumed in 1894, and in 1908 sculptors first tried to recreate his appearance, guided, however, by famous portraits composer. Critics of the early 20th century were unhappy with this project: they argued that the bust could just as easily depict, for example, Handel.
7. Reconstruction of William Shakespeare's face was made from the death mask of the English poet and playwright.
The hypothesis of endless monkeys who will sooner or later publish William Shakespeare's work was tested by American programmer Jesse Anderson. The monkey program managed to print Shakespeare’s poem “A Lover’s Complaint” in a month. However, an attempt to test the hypothesis on living monkeys failed. In 2003, a keyboard connected to a computer was placed in the cage of six macaque monkeys at Paignton Zoo (UK). The monkeys typed five pages of incoherent text and broke the keyboard a month later.
8. In 2007, Italian scientists from the University of Bologna reconstructed the appearance of the great Italian poet of the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, Dante Alighieri.
Dante Alighieri, according to some scientists, could suffer from narcolepsy - a disease of the nervous system, accompanied by attacks of drowsiness and sudden falling asleep. These conclusions are based on the fact that in Dante’s Divine Comedy the symptoms of narcolepsy are reproduced with great accuracy, as well as the often accompanying cataplexy, that is, a sudden loss of muscle tone.
9. Perhaps this is what Henry IV looked like - the king of France, the leader of the Huguenots, killed by a Catholic fanatic in 1610.
In 2010, forensic experts led by Philippe Charlier determined that the surviving mummified “head of Henry IV” was genuine. On its basis, in February 2013, the same scientists presented a reconstruction of the king’s appearance. However, in October 2013, another group of geneticists doubted the authenticity of the remains of the monarch of the Bourbon dynasty.
10. In 2009, the appearance of Arsinoe IV was reconstructed, younger sister and the sacrifices of Queen Cleopatra. Arsinoe's face has been recreated using measurements taken from her skull, which was lost during World War II.
Arsinoe died in 41 BC. According to the ancient Roman historian Josephus, she was executed in Ephesus on the orders of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, who saw her half-sister as a threat to her power.
11. The appearance of St. Nicholas was reconstructed according to data from an Italian professor of anatomy obtained in the 1950s during the restoration of the Basilica of St. Nicholas in Bari.
In Christianity, Nicholas of Myra is revered as a miracle worker and is considered the patron saint of sailors, merchants and children.
What signs of a historical work can be identified in “The Captain’s Daughter” and which Russian writers depicted historical events in their works?
Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
We sat down. “To the Belogorsk fortress!” - Pugachev said to the broad-shouldered Tatar, standing at the helm of the troika. My heart began to beat violently. The horses started moving, the bell rang, the wagon flew...
“Stop! stop!” - a voice rang out, too familiar to me, - and I saw Savelich running to meet us. Pugachev ordered to stop. “Father, Pyotr Andreich!” - the guy shouted. - “Don’t leave me in my old age in the midst of these scams...” - Ah, old brat! - Pugachev told him. - God allowed us to meet again. Well, sit down on the irradiator.
“Thank you, sir, thank you, dear father!” - Savelich said as he sat down. - “God grant you a hundred years of health for looking after me as an old man and calming me down. I will pray to God for you forever, but I won’t even mention the hare’s sheepskin coat.”
This bunny sheepskin coat could finally seriously anger Pugachev. Fortunately, the impostor either did not hear or ignored the inappropriate hint. The horses galloped; people on the street stopped and bowed from the waist. Pugachev nodded his head at both. sides. A minute later we left the settlement and rushed along a smooth road.
You can easily imagine how I felt at that moment. In a few hours I was supposed to see the one whom I considered already lost to me. I imagined the moment of our union... I also thought about the man in whose hands my fate was, and who, by a strange coincidence of circumstances, was mysteriously connected with me. I remembered the reckless cruelty, the bloodthirsty habits of the one who volunteered to be the deliverer of my dear! Pugachev did not know that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov; the embittered Shvabrin could reveal everything to him; Pugachev could have discovered the truth in another way... Then what will happen to Marya Ivanovna? The cold ran through my body and my hair stood on end...
Suddenly Pugachev interrupted my thoughts, turning to me with the question: “What, your honor, did you deign to think about?”
“How can I help but think about it,” I answered him: “I am an officer and a nobleman; Yesterday I fought against you, and today I’m riding with you in the same tent, and the happiness of my whole life depends on you.
"Well?" - asked Pugachev. - “Are you scared?”
I replied that having already been pardoned by him once, I hoped not only for his mercy, but even for help.
“And you’re right, by God you’re right!” - said the impostor. - “You saw that my guys were looking at you askance; and the old man insisted even today that you are a spy, and that you need to be tortured and hanged; but I didn’t agree,” he added, lowering his voice so that Savelich and the Tatar could not hear him, “remembering your glass of wine and the hare’s sheepskin coat. You see that I am not such a bloodsucker as your brothers say about me.”
I remembered taking Belogorsk fortress; but did not consider it necessary to challenge him, and did not answer a word.
A. S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter»
What is the name of the genre of literature to which The Captain's Daughter belongs?
Explanation.
This type of literature is called epic. Let's give a definition.
A type of literature (along with lyrics and drama), a narrative about events supposed in the past (as if they had happened and are remembered by the narrator). The epic embraces existence in its plastic volume, spatio-temporal extension and event intensity (plot content).
Answer: epic.
Answer: epic
Indicate in which century the events depicted take place.
Explanation.
The events depicted take place in the 18th century.
Answer: the eighteenth.
Answer: eighteenth|eighteenth
Danil Evdokimenko 26.05.2016 16:13
Hello, I answered this question with the word “eighteenth”, and I was given an error, i.e. the correct one is 18. Please tell me which is more correct?
Tatiana Statsenko
In the demo version, these types of answers are written in cursive. Corrected.
Masha Sinkevich 02.04.2017 18:14
Hello. I wrote “eighteenth” in the answer, but the answer was counted as an error. Is it not possible to indicate the century in the nominative case?
Tatiana Statsenko
Can. Changes have been made.
Anatoly Kulbaev 13.06.2018 20:50
How does the age of Pugachev's rebellion relate to literature in general? The question is more historical!
Tatiana Statsenko
For our classical literature Characteristic is the reflection of life on historical and social material. Without this, there is no Russian literature.
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their inherent personality traits. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| A | B | IN |
Explanation.
A-4: Grinev - honesty, nobility, courage, sensitivity. Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the story. He is 17 years old, a Russian nobleman who has just entered military service. One of Grinev’s main qualities is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. In telling his life, he did not try to embellish it.
B-2: Pugachev - toughness combined with gratitude and generosity. Pugachev Emelyan is the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the “great sovereign” Peter III. This image in the story is multifaceted: P. is evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of those around him.
V-1: Savelich - devotion, care, worldly wisdom. The image of Savelich embodies many attractive features characteristic of a simple Russian person: loyalty to duty, directness, the ability for deep affection and self-sacrifice.
Answer: 421.
Answer: 421
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their future fate.
Write down the numbers in your answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
| A | B | IN |
Explanation.
A-2: Grinev escapes prison and hard labor, pardoned by the empress. At the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal, talks with the empress, whom she does not recognize, and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, freeing Grinev from prison.
B-4: Pugachev was sentenced to death. At the end of the work, Pugachev is sentenced to death.
V-1: Savelich accompanies Masha, liberated from the Belogorsk fortress, home.
Answer: 241.
Answer: 241
What is the name of the genre of narration on behalf of the author about real events of the past, of which he was a participant and eyewitness?
Explanation.
This genre is called memoirs. Memoirs are notes from contemporaries that tell about events in which the author of the memoirs took part or which are known to him from eyewitnesses. An important feature of memoirs is the emphasis on the “documentary” nature of the text, which claims to be authentic to the past being recreated. Memoirs differ from chronicles of modern events in that in them the author’s face comes to the fore with his sympathies and dislikes, with his aspirations and views. Very often written by individuals who played a prominent role in history, sometimes covering a significant period of time, such as the entire life of the author, often connecting important events with the minutiae of everyday life, memoirs can be historical material of paramount importance.
Answer: memoirs.
Answer: memoirs
Guest 16.05.2013 18:07
I wrote a memoir, that is, in the singular - it gives an error, saying memoirs! is it really that important? thanks in advance
Indicate the name of the compositional element of the text, which occupies an important place in this fragment, reproducing the verbal communication of the characters.
Explanation.
This form of communication is called dialogue. Let's give a definition.
Dialogue is a conversation between two or more persons in a work of fiction. In a dramatic work, the dialogue of the characters is one of the main artistic means for creating an image and character.
Answer: metaphor
How does this episode relate to the epigraph to the novel: “Take care of your honor from a young age”?
Explanation.
In the epigraph of the story “The Captain's Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin brought out the Russian proverb “Take care of your honor from a young age.” Very often, the meaning of proverbs is understood only when a person experiences some difficulties in life.
This happened with Pyotr Grinev. He was faced with a choice: take a risk, but act as honest man or, fearing danger, betray loved ones and your ideals.
Masha’s only salvation from the hands of Shvabrin was Pugachev. At the same time, turning to a rebel against whom Grinev himself fought, having sworn allegiance to the queen, was very risky. Pyotr Andreevich, risking his life, was still able to maintain his honor and dignity, because he was truthful with Pugachev, brave and did not betray his oath to please the man on whom his and Masha’s lives depended. Being in the same sleigh with the impostor, he did not give him any reason to think that he was at the same time with him, he openly answered the rebel: “I am an officer and a nobleman...” A sense of duty, sincerity, devotion - these qualities make up Grinev’s personality. Sometimes he is afraid and doubts, but he tries not to deviate from his convictions and, in extreme cases, is ready to perform truly heroic deeds for the sake of loved ones.
Explanation.
Many literary scholars call the "Captain's Daughter" historical novel primarily because it was based on the history of the Pugachev rebellion. The work contains real historical figures: the impostor Emelyan Pugachev, an escaped convict who proclaimed himself tsar, and Empress Catherine II. The novel shows real territories engulfed in revolt. You can find prototypes in the characters of The Captain's Daughter. Heroes are sifted through history, like through a sieve, and the one who is honest and merciful survives and is rewarded with happiness, while the one who is low in soul is overtaken by punishment. According to Pushkin, history is a certain force that acts independently of people, beyond their control and even sometimes hostile to them.
We can also find signs of historicism in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace", where we also find real characters among the characters historical figures: Napoleon, Alexander I, Kutuzov and others. Within a few historical eras the events of “War and Peace” are developing: the era of the Russian-Austrian war, Patriotic War 1812, preparations for the Decembrist uprising.
Epic novel by M. Sholokhov “ Quiet Don"continues the traditions of Pushkin and Tolstoy in revealing human destinies and characters through historical events. History is a clash, a struggle between warring parties; without them, history does not exist.
Copyright Competition -K2
The word "hero" ("heros" - Greek) means a demigod or deified person.
Among the ancient Greeks, heroes were either half-breeds (one of the parents is a god, the other is a human), or outstanding men who became famous for their deeds, for example, military exploits or travel. But, in any case, the title of hero gave a person a lot of advantages. They worshiped him and composed poems and other songs in his honor. Gradually, the concept of “hero” migrated to literature, where it has stuck to this day.
Now, in our understanding, a hero can be either a “noble man” or a “worthless man” if he acts within the framework of a work of art.
The term “hero” is adjacent to the term “character”, and often these terms are perceived as synonyms.
Person in Ancient Rome they called the mask that the actor put on before the performance - tragic or comic.
A hero and a character are not the same thing.
A LITERARY HERO is an exponent of plot action that reveals the content of the work.
A CHARACTER is any character in a work.
The word “character” is characteristic in that it does not carry any additional meanings.
Take, for example, the term “actor.” It is immediately clear that it must act = perform actions, and then a whole bunch of heroes do not fit this definition. Starting from Papa Pippi Longstocking, the mythical sea captain, and ending with the people in “Boris Godunov”, who, as always, are “silent”.
The emotional and evaluative connotation of the term “hero” implies exclusively positive qualities = heroism\heroism. And then it will not fall under this definition yet more people. Well, how about, say, calling Chichikov or Gobsek a hero?
And so literary scholars are fighting with philologists - who should be called a “hero” and who a “character”?
Time will tell who will win. In the meantime, we will count in a simple way.
A hero is an important character for expressing the idea of a work. And the characters are everyone else.
A little later we’ll talk about the character system in a work of fiction, we’ll talk about the main (heroes) and secondary (characters).
Now let's note a couple more definitions.
LYRICAL HERO
The concept of a lyrical hero was first formulated by Yu.N. Tynyanov in 1921 in relation to the work of A.A. Blok.
A lyrical hero is an image of a hero in a lyrical work, whose experiences, feelings, thoughts reflect the author’s worldview.
The lyrical hero is not an autobiographical image of the author.
You cannot say “lyrical character” - only “lyrical hero”.
THE IMAGE OF A HERO is an artistic generalization of human properties, character traits in the individual appearance of the hero.
LITERARY TYPE is a generalized image of human individuality, most characteristic of a certain social environment at a certain time. It connects two sides - the individual (single) and the general.
Typical does not mean average. The type concentrates in itself everything that is most striking, characteristic of an entire group of people - social, national, age, etc. For example, the type of Turgenev girl or a lady of Balzac's age.
CHARACTER AND CHARACTER
In modern literary criticism, character is the unique individuality of a character, his inner appearance, that is, what distinguishes him from other people.
Character consists of diverse traits and qualities that are not combined by chance. Every character has a main, dominant trait.
Character can be simple or complex.
A simple character is distinguished by integrity and staticity. The hero is either positive or negative.
Simple characters are traditionally combined into pairs, most often based on the opposition “bad” - “good”. Contrast sharpens the virtues goodies and belittles the merits of negative heroes. Example - Shvabrin and Grinev in “The Captain’s Daughter”
A complex character is the hero’s constant search for himself, the hero’s spiritual evolution, etc.
A complex character is very difficult to label as “positive” or “negative.” It contains inconsistency and paradox. Like Captain Zheglov, who almost sent poor Gruzdev to prison, but easily gave food cards to Sharapov’s neighbor.
STRUCTURE OF A LITERARY CHARACTER
A literary hero is a complex and multifaceted person. It has two appearances - external and internal.
To create the appearance of the hero they work:
PORTRAIT. This face, figure, distinctive features physique (for example, Quasimodo’s hump or Karenin’s ears).
CLOTHING, which can also reflect certain character traits of the hero.
SPEECH, the features of which characterize the hero no less than his appearance.
AGE, which determines the potential possibility of certain actions.
PROFESSION, which shows the degree of socialization of the hero, determines his position in society.
LIFE HISTORY. Information about the origin of the hero, his parents/relatives, the country and place where he lives, gives the hero sensually tangible realism and historical specificity.
The internal appearance of the hero consists of:
WORLDVIEW AND ETHICAL BELIEF, which endow the hero with value guidelines, give meaning to his existence.
THOUGHTS AND ATTITUDES that outline the diverse life of the hero’s soul.
FAITH (or lack thereof), which determines the presence of the hero in the spiritual field, his attitude towards God and the Church.
STATEMENTS AND ACTIONS, which indicate the results of the interaction of the soul and spirit of the hero.
The hero can not only reason and love, but also be aware of emotions, analyze his own activities, that is, reflect. Artistic reflection allows the author to identify the hero’s personal self-esteem and characterize his attitude towards himself.
CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT
So, a character is a fictional animate person with a certain character and unique external characteristics. The author must come up with this data and convincingly convey it to the reader.
If the author does not do this, the reader perceives the character as cardboard and is not included in his experiences.
Character development is a rather labor-intensive process and requires skill.
Most effective way- this is to write down on a separate sheet of paper all the personality traits of your character that you want to present to the reader. Straight to point.
The first point is the hero’s appearance (fat, thin, blond, brunette, etc.). The second point is age. The third is education and profession.
Be sure to answer (first of all, to yourself) the following questions:
- how does the character relate to other people? (sociable\closed, sensitive\callous, respectful\rude)
- how does the character feel about his work? (hardworking/lazy, creative/routine, responsible/irresponsible, proactive/passive)
- How does the character feel about himself? (has self-esteem, self-critical, proud, modest, arrogant, vain, arrogant, touchy, shy, selfish)
- how does the character feel about his things? (neat/sloppy, careful with things/careless)
The selection of questions is not random. The answers to them will give a FULL picture of the character's personality.
It is better to write down the answers and keep them before your eyes throughout the entire work on the work.
What will this give? Even if in the work you do not mention ALL QUALITIES of a personality (for minor and episodic characters it is not rational to do this), then all the same, the author’s FULL understanding of his characters will be transmitted to the reader and will make their images three-dimensional.
ARTISTIC DETAIL plays a huge role in creating/revealing character images.
An artistic detail is a detail that the author has endowed with significant semantic and emotional load.
A bright detail replaces entire descriptive fragments, cuts off unnecessary details that obscure the essence of the matter.
An expressive, successfully found detail is evidence of the author’s skill.
I would especially like to note such a moment as CHOOSING A CHARACTER NAME.
According to Pavel Florensky, “names are the essence of categories of personal knowledge.” Names are not just named, but actually declare the spiritual and physical essence of a person. They form special models of personal existence, which become common to each bearer of a certain name. Names are predetermined spiritual qualities, actions and even the fate of a person.
The existence of a character in a work of fiction begins with the choice of his name. It is very important what you name your hero.
Compare the options for the name Anna - Anna, Anka, Anka, Nyura, Nyurka, Nyusha, Nyushka, Nyusya, Nyuska.
Each of the options crystallizes certain personality qualities and provides the key to character.
Once you have decided on a character name, don’t change it (unnecessarily) as you go along, as this can confuse the reader’s perception.
If in life you tend to call your friends and acquaintances diminutively and disparagingly (Svetka, Mashulya, Lenusik, Dimon), control your passion in writing. In a work of art, the use of such names must be justified. Numerous Vovkas and Tankas look terrible.
CHARACTER SYSTEM
A literary hero is a clearly individual person and at the same time clearly collective, that is, he is generated by the social environment and interpersonal relationships.
It is unlikely that there will be only one hero in your work (although this has happened). In most cases, the character is at the intersection of three rays.
The first is friends, associates (friendly relationships).
The second is enemies, ill-wishers (hostile relations).
Third - others strangers(neutral relationship)
These three rays (and the people in them) create a strict hierarchical structure or CHARACTER SYSTEM.
Characters are divided by the degree of author's attention (or frequency of depiction in a work), the purposes and functions that they perform.
Traditionally, there are main, secondary and episodic characters.
The MAIN CHARACTER (heroes) are always at the center of the work.
The main character actively masters and transforms artistic reality. His character (see above) predetermines events.
Axiom – main character must be bright, that is, its structure must be spelled out thoroughly, no spaces are allowed.
SECONDARY CHARACTERS are located, although next to the main character, but somewhat behind, in the background, so to speak, of the artistic depiction.
The characters and portraits of minor characters are rarely detailed, more often they appear dotted. These heroes help the main characters to open up and ensure the development of the action.
Axiom – minor character cannot be brighter than the main thing.
Otherwise, he will pull the blanket over himself. An example from a related area. Film "Seventeen Moments of Spring". Remember the girl who pestered Stirlitz in one of the last episodes? (“They say about us mathematicians that we are terrible crackers.... But in love I am Einstein...”).
In the first edition of the film, the episode with her was much longer. Actress Inna Ulyanova was so good that she stole all the attention and distorted the scene. Let me remind you that there Stirlitz was supposed to receive important encryption from the center. However, no one remembered about the encryption; everyone reveled in the bright clownery of an EPISODIC (completely passable) character. Ulyanov, of course, is sorry, but director Lioznova made the absolutely right decision and cut out this scene. An example to think about, though!
EPISODIC HEROES are on the periphery of the world of the work. They may have no character at all, acting as passive executors of the author's will. Their functions are purely official.
POSITIVE and NEGATIVE HEROES usually divide the system of characters in a work into two warring factions (“red” - “white”, “ours” - “fascists”).
The theory of dividing characters according to ARCHETYPES is interesting.
An archetype is a primary idea expressed in symbols and images and underlying everything.
That is, each character in the work should serve as a symbol of something.
According to the classics, there are seven archetypes in literature.
So, the main character could be:
- The protagonist – the one who “accelerates the action”, the real Hero.
- An antagonist - completely opposite to the Hero. I mean, a Villain.
- Guardian, Sage, Mentor and Helper - those who assist the Protagonist
Minor characters are:
- A bosom friend – symbolizes support and faith in the Main Character.
- Skeptic - questions everything that happens
- Reasonable - makes decisions based solely on logic.
- Emotional – reacts only with emotions.
For example, Rowling’s Harry Potter novels.
The main character is undoubtedly Harry Potter himself. He is opposed by the Villain - Voldemort. Professor Dumbledore=Sage appears periodically.
And Harry's friends are the reasonable Hermione and the emotional Ron.
In conclusion, I would like to talk about the number of characters.
When there are many of them, this is bad, since they will begin to duplicate each other (there are only seven archetypes!). Competition among the characters will cause discoordination in the minds of the readers.
The most reasonable thing is to stupidly check your heroes by archetypes.
For example, in your novel there are three old women. The first is cheerful, the second is smart, and the third is just a lonely grandmother from the first floor. Ask yourself – what do they represent? And you will understand that a lonely old woman is superfluous. Her phrases (if there are any) can easily be conveyed to the second or first (old ladies). This way you will get rid of unnecessary verbal noise and concentrate on the idea.
After all, “The idea is the tyrant of the work” (c) Egri.
© Copyright: Copyright Competition -K2, 2013
Certificate of publication No. 213010300586
reviews
School stage All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren
Olympiad tasks 5th grade
Maximum points for the entire work- 50
1. Which literary character does the following items belong to? Name the hero, work and author.(1 each point for the hero, author and title of the work)
- Pea
- Sharp sparkling knife and fur muff
- Fresh fragrant golden-brown apple
- Shirts knitted from nettle yarn
- Magic beard hairs
( 5)
2. Identify and name the genre based on fragments of text.
(Maximum points - 3)
3. Fill in the missing word(s). Indicate the author and title of the work from which the excerpt is taken. (Maximum points - 4)
4. Identify the writer based on biographical facts. Write his last name, first name, patronymic. (Maximum points - 6)
a) Born in the Arkhangelsk province into the family of a peasant fisherman. Without his father's knowledge, he left for Moscow. Entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Did a lot scientific discoveries in the field of physics, chemistry, astronomy. Conducted a reform of versification.
B) Born in Moscow. His uncle, Vasily Lvovich, was a famous poet. The nanny had a great influence on the boy. Studied at Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. V. Zhukovsky gave him his portrait with the inscription “To the winning student from the defeated teacher.”
5. Restore full forms names of writers (first name, patronymic, last name).
(Maximum number of points - 5)
Ivan Andreevich Lermontov
Mikhail Yurievich Gogol
Lev Nikolaevich Krylov
Alexander Sergeevich Tolstoy
Nikolai Vasilievich Pushkin
6. Match the given nouns with constant epithets (you can connect them with arrows):
7. Mark works of art that belong to fiction:
- I.E. Repin “Dragonfly”
- P.P. Ershov “The Little Humpbacked Horse”
- P.I. Tchaikovsky "The Nutcracker"
- A.M. Opekushin. Monument to A.S. Pushkin
- S. Aksakov. "Scarlet Flower"
- Barma and Postnik. Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral)
8. Divide the mythological characters: Yarilo, Atlas, Dazhd-bog, Zeus, Hercules, Apollo - into groups:
a) Slavic; b) Greek
(Maximum points – 6)
9. Define the moral of the fable. What fables are the morals drawn from?
Write the name of the fables.
(2 points for definition, 2 points for answer – total 4 points)
a) “When there is no agreement among comrades,
Things won’t go well for them...”
b) How many times have they told the world,
That flattery is vile and harmful; but everything is not for the future,
And a flatterer will always find a corner in the heart.”
10. Creative task
In fairy tales, inanimate objects often come to life. For example, a darning needle, an inkwell, a coin from G.Kh. Andersen, mirror from A.S. Pushkin, toys
T.A. Hoffmann and A. Milne, maps from L. Carroll.
Compose a fairy tale, where the main actor some thing has become.
(Maximum points – 10)
We wish you success!
Preview:
Literature Olympiad 6th grade
1. Match genre definition with the titles of the works given below
Chronicle | "Horse surname" |
||
Fable | "Cup" |
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Ballad | "The Tale of Bygone Years" |
||
Fairy tale | "Porridge from an ax" |
||
Story | "The Monkey and the Glasses" |
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Poem | "White Birch" |
Maximum points - 6
2. Identify the writer based on biographical facts.
Born in Moscow, his uncle Vasily Lvovich was a famous poet, his nanny had a great influence on the boy, he studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, V. Zhukovsky gave him his portrait with the inscription “To the victorious student from the defeated teacher” |
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He was raised by his grandmother, studied at Moscow University, entered the school of guard ensigns and cavalry cadets, was exiled to the Caucasus for one of his works, and died in a duel. |
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Spent most of his life in Yasnaya Polyana, participated in the Crimean War, opened a school for peasant children, they say about him that he is “the pride of the Russian people” |
Maximum number of points – 3
3. Answer each question with “yes” (if the statement is true) or “no” (if the statement is false).
A) V. Zhukovsky is called “the sun of Russian poetry”
B) Chronicle writing in Rus' began in the 11th century.
C) A poem based on a historical event, a legend with a sharp plot is called a ballad
D) epigraph - a short text placed by the author after the work
D) The story and the word are genres of ancient Russian literature.
Maximum points – 5
4 Combine the names and surnames of Russian and foreign writers.
1) Agnia a) Yesenin
2) Astrid b) Prishvin
3) Sergey Alexandrovich c) Kuprin
4) Alexander Ivanovich d) Marshak
5) Alexander Sergeevich d) Lindgren
6) Konstantin Georgievich e) Rodari
7) Gianni e) Astafiev
8) Viktor Petrovich f) Barto
9) Samuil Yakovlevich h) Paustovsky
10) Mikhail Mikhailovich i) Pushkin
1 point per fact (10 points).
5. Match the term and its definition.
1) Description of nature in a literary work. a) rhyme
2) Conversation between two or more persons. b) landscape
3) Consonance of the ends of the lines. c) dialogue
4) Allegorically describes the subject, teaches
Guess what is planned. d) fable
5) A small work of art,
Depicting a single event in a person’s life. d) riddle
6) Allegory, with the help of which abstract
The concept is conveyed using a specific image. f) antithesis
7) A small piece of narrative
Character with moralizing content. g) allegory
8) Stylistic figure based
On the opposition of concepts and images. h) story.
1 point per fact (8 points).
6. Read the poem by A.N. Pleshcheev "Spring". Answer the questions:
1.What figurative and expressive means underlies the poem?
(comparison, epithet, personification).
2. Write down words that emphasize the emotional state of the poet,
write which one.
The snow is already melting, the streams are flowing,
There was a breath of spring through the window...
The nightingales will soon whistle,
And the forest will be dressed in leaves!
Pure heavenly azure,
The sun became warmer and brighter,
It's time for evil blizzards and storms
It's gone for a long time again.
And my heart is still in my chest
He knocks as if he's waiting for something
As if happiness is ahead
And winter took away my worries
7. Name the paintings fairy tales, created by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov?
1 point per fact
8. Here are excerpts from several literary works. What do these passages have in common? What is this element of fairy tale composition called?Maximum number of points – 1
1. ... They didn’t do it for a long time,
To think, an honest feast and for the wedding; guests have arrived,
The wedding was celebrated; I was there, there's honey and beer
Peel; It flowed down my mustache, but didn’t get into my mouth. And that's it.
2 I was there; honey, drank beer -
- Which fairy tale or literary character does the items listed below belong to? Name the hero, work and author.
A) saber and backpack
B) magic beard hairs
B) barley seed in a flower pot
D) broken trough
D) talking wonderful mirror
The maximum number of points is 15 points (for the hero, the title of the work and the author 1 point each)
10.Using these examples, determine the type of trail.
1) “The knight fought like a lion”
2) “You have to bow your head below the thin blade of epic”
3) “The snow lies like magnificent carpets, glistening in the sun”
4) “Below him is a stream of lighter azure, above him is a golden ray of sun”
5) “A little man with a fingernail”
6) “The shadow of sadness has disappeared”
7) “The golden grove dissuaded me”
8) “Falened Stars”
9) “A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper”
10) “Hunger armed them with courage”
11) “Black wind, white snow”
12) “Eyes are blue like the sky”
1 point per fact (12 points)
11. Explain the meaning of the highlighted word.
And only the sky lit up,
Everything suddenly began to move noisily,
The formation flashed behind the formation.
Our colonel was born grip :
Servant to the king, father to the soldiers...
Yes, I feel sorry for him; struck by damask steel,
He sleeps in damp ground.
M.Yu. Lermontov “Borodino”
Maximum points - 2
12. Text analysis.
Blue shadows...
Silence resumed, frosty and bright. Yesterday's powder lies on the crust like powder with sparkling sparkles, the crust does not fall through anywhere and holds up even better in the field, in the sun, than in the shade. Each bush of old wormwood, burdock, blade of grass, blade of grass, as if in a mirror, looks into this sparkling powder and sees itself blue and beautiful. (M.M. Prishvin).
1)What is this description called?
2) What time of year did M.M. Prishvin depict? Prove this with examples from the text.
3)What means of expression the writer uses artistic speech
in this description? a)….b)….c)….
1 point per fact
Preview:
Literature Olympiad. 7th grade
Task No. 1
Epics inspired many masters of art to create original creations. Name the authors and their works. (Maximum amount – 5 points).
Task No. 2
Which writer are we talking about? (Maximum amount - 5 points)
1. This writer's real name is Samuel Clemens, his pen name being a pilot's term used on the Mississippi River. At the age of 12, he was left without a father and was forced to quit school and earn his own living. He tried himself in various professions: he was a printer's apprentice, a typesetter, a pilot, a gold miner, and a journalist. Already during his lifetime he was so famous that letters reached him even if only the name of the country and his name were written on the envelope.
2. The first stories of this writer were cheerful, funny, amusing, witty, and they were published in magazines, the names of which were also unusual: “Dragonfly”, “Alarm Clock”, “Fragments”. And he writes these stories under a pseudonym, being a student at the Faculty of Medicine at Moscow University.
3. He was not only an excellent poet and translator, but also a wise teacher, educator of the heir to the throne, the future Emperor Alexander II. A.S. Pushkin called himself his student. In response, this writer gave the great poet his portrait as a sign of respect after the release of “Ruslan and Lyudmila.”
4. William Sydney Porter (this is his real name) creates his first story while in prison, and with the money he buys a Christmas present for his daughter, who is waiting for him at home with her mother.
5. At his home on an estate near Tula, he creates a school for peasant children and teaches there himself, writes the ABC, and creates four “Russian books for reading.” By that time, he had already returned from the Caucasus and retired after participating in the heroic defense of Sevastopol. His collected works comprise 90 volumes.
Task No. 3.
Remember and name the real names of the heroes.(Maximum amount – 7 points).
Deforge; two Caucasian prisoners; a hero nicknamed Chameleon, a peasant girl, an amphibian man, a man on the clock, Biryuk.
Task No. 4
The events of many works are connected with these places. Tell us, in which books did you come across these places? (For each correct answer 1 point, 5 points in total)
Moscow, monastery, front entrance, shack by the sea, Ithaca.
Task No. 5
(Maximum amount -3 points)
What are carols? When and where were they performed? What is their difference from other calendar-ritual songs?
Task No. 6
(Maximum amount -4 points)
Give examples of proverbs that come from
a) fairy tales;
b) fables by I.A. Krylova.
Task No. 7.
Define literary devices(tropes) in the lines of A.S. Pushkin from the poem “Poltava” ((Maximum number - 4 points)
The east is burning with a new dawn; purple smoke; like a plowman the battle rests; throwing piles of bodies on piles
Task No. 8.
Pushkin's heroes often change their previous way of life, becoming, as it were, “impostors.” In which work and who became:
a) peasant woman
b) a robber
(Maximum amount - 2 points.)
Task No. 9
What are the names and patronymics of the writers?
Pushkin ____________________________________________________
Lermontov ___________________________________________________
Turgenev ____________________________________________________
Nekrasov _____________________________________________________
Chekhov ________________________________________________________________
(Maximum amount – 5 points.)
Task No. 10
(Maximum amount -10 points)
“A personal library is not just a collection of books; it should contain only the necessary books that meet the needs of the mind and soul of the library owner.” What books are in your home library? (Listby topic or genre of the book. Tell us about the preferences of your family members and their choice in reading books). Name 3- 5 of your favorite authors and their books. Explain your choice.
Total 50 points.
Preview:
School stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in literature
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra
2017-2018 academic year
Megion city
8th grade
Time to complete tasks – 2 hours Maximum number of points – 62
Dear Olympiad participant!
You are offered 9 tasks.These tasks include questions that reveal your real knowledge in different sections educational material, checking the development of speech and reading horizons, understanding of the text, theoretical knowledge in literature.. The tasks are more difficult than in literature lessons.
There is no need to rewrite them; just read the wording of each question carefully and clearly write the correct answer on the answer form.
Tasks 8 and 9 test your ability to analyze lyrical and prose works.
Take your time, don't worry, adjust to the times. Try not to leave traces of your thoughts on the survey sheet. It is better to do this in draft form, and make all entries in the response form clean and neat.
We wish you good luck!
Knowledge of literary texts
1. Which characters from the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" are depicted here?
- He was a kind fellow, but flighty and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was his passion for the fair sex; Often, for his tenderness, he received pushes, from which he groaned for whole days.
- His appearance seemed remarkable to me: he was about forty, average height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed streaks of gray; the lively big eyes kept darting around. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression.
- She was in a white morning dress, a nightcap and a shower jacket. She seemed to be about forty years old. Her face, plump and rosy, expressed importance and calm. And the blue eyes and light smile had an inexplicable charm.
2. Here are excerpts from poems by Russian poets dedicated to the onset of spring. What are the names of the authors?
- Spring, spring! How clean the air is!
How clear is the sky!
Its azuria alive
He blinds my eyes.
- I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May,
When spring, the first thunder,
As if frolicking and playing,
Rumbling in the blue sky.
- I came to you with greetings,
Tell me that the sun has risen
What is it with hot light
The sheets began to flutter...
- Now is my time: I don’t like spring;
The thaw is boring to me; stench, dirt - in the spring I am sick;
The blood is fermenting; feelings and mind are constrained by melancholy.
- Oh, spring without end and without edge -
An endless and endless dream!
I recognize you, life! I accept!
And I greet you with the ringing of the shield!
3. In the given quotations, insert the missing word, choosing it from several suggested ones, determine the author and title of the work:
The friends three times ... and fixed their eyes on each other, full of tears. Both were pleasantly stunned | Hugged We kissed We kissed each other Shake hands | |
In the desert... and... On the ground, hot in the heat, Anchar, like a formidable sentry, Standing - alone in the whole universe. | Gloomy and deaf Sultry and empty Scary and empty Stunted and stingy | |
I knew only the power of thoughts, One - but fiery passion: It’s like... she lived in me, She tore her soul and burned it. | Worm Beast Tiger Fire |
Score: for each correctly inserted word - 1 point (maximum - 3 points).
Historical and literary assignments
4. The names of which writers and poets are associated with literary places in Russia:
a) Yasnaya Polyana;
b) Spasskoye-Lutovinovo;
c) Nezhin;
d) Tarkhany;
d) Mikhailovskoe.
Score: 1 point for the correct answer (max. – 5 points)
1) “Svetlana”, “Lyudmila”, “The Sleeping Princess”, “The Forest King”.
2) “Brigadier”, “General Court Grammar”, “Questions”.
3) “Airship”, “Angel”, “Demon”, “Cliff”, “Fugitive”, “Three Palms”, “Homeland”.
Score: 1 point for the correct answer (max. – 3 points)
Knowledge of literary theory
6. Find where the size of the verse is determined incorrectly, correct the error:
A) “The spruce covered my path with its sleeve” - amphibrachium tetrameter
B) “Well, let’s go, for God’s sake!
Sky, spruce forest and sand" - tetrameter trochee
B) “My first friend, my priceless friend!
And I blessed fate..." - iambic 5-meter
D) “Why are you looking greedily at the road?
Away from your cheerful friends? - 3-foot anapest
Score: for each corrected error – 1 point.
7. Indicate what genre each of the proposed texts belongs to. Define these genres. What features allow you to classify the text into your chosen genre?
1. For the powerful, the powerless is always to blame: We hear countless examples of this in History, But we don’t write History... On a hot day, a lamb went to a stream to drink; And something must happen, That a hungry Wolf was prowling around those places. He sees a lamb and strives for the prey; But to give the matter at least a legal look and feel, Shouts: “How dare you, insolent, with an unclean snout Here's a clean drink My With sand and silt? For such insolence I’ll rip your head off”... 2. A beautiful maiden sits above the sea; And, caressing his friend, he says: “Take out the necklace, go down to the bottom: Today it fell into the abyss! With this you will prove your love for me!” The young man’s dashing blood boiled, And his mind was seized by an involuntary illness, He suddenly rushes into the foamy abyss. Pearl splashes fly from the foam, And the waves crowd and rush back, And they come again and hit the shore, They will bring a dear friend. Oh happiness! he is alive, he grabbed the rock, There is a necklace in his hand, but he is as gloomy as ever. He is afraid to believe his tired legs, And wet curls run over your shoulders... 3. Trouble is, if the shoemaker starts baking pies, And the boots are made by the pie-maker, - And things won't go well Yes, and it’s been noticed a hundred times, Why does anyone like to take on someone else's craft? He is always more stubborn and contentious than others: He'd rather ruin it all And I’m glad soon Become the laughing stock of the world, Than honest and knowledgeable people Ask or listen to reasonable advice. Toothy Pike got an idea Take up the cat craft. I don’t know whether the evil one tormented her with envy, Or maybe she was bored with the fish table? But she just decided to ask the cat, To take her with me on a hunt, Catching mice in the barn... 4. Volga began to grow up and swear, Volga wanted a lot of wisdom: Volga walks like a pike fish in the blue seas, Volga flies like a falcon under the covers, A wolf prowls in the open fields... Volga began to grow up and swear And he gathered himself a good squad, Thirty fellows without a single one, Volga himself was still in the thirties. 5. In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, the son of God. I, pitiful and sinful, narrow-minded, dare to write about the holy Prince Alexander, son of Yaroslav. Since I heard from my fathers and myself witnessed his mature age, I was glad to tell about his holy, honest, and glorious life. This prince Alexander was born from merciful and humane parents, most of all meek... And he was handsome like no one else, and his voice was like a trumpet among the people, his face was like the face of Joseph, whom the Egyptian king made the second king in Egypt, strength and part of it was from the strength of Samson, and God gave him the wisdom of Solomon... 6. The day is already turning pale, hiding behind the mountain; He goes, lost in thought, to his quiet hut. The surroundings disappear in the foggy twilight... There is silence everywhere; dead sleep everywhere; Only occasionally, buzzing, the evening beetle flickers, Only the dull ringing of horns can be heard in the distance... | 1. Ballad 2. Epic 3. Fable 4. Life 5. Elegy |
Write your answers in the table:
Text no. | Genre, definition | Genre characteristics in the text |
Score: for a correctly indicated genre - 1 point (maximum - 6 points).
For each correct definition - 1 point (maximum - 5 points).
Students can name a different number of signs (for each correct one - 0.5 points).
Interpretation of lyrical and prose work
8. Complete a written analysis of N. Rubtsov’s poem “Star of the Fields.” When analyzing the poem, rely on the questions provided.
Star of the Fields
Star of the fields in the icy darkness,
Stopping, he looks into the wormwood.
The clock has already rung twelve,
And sleep enveloped my homeland...
Star of the fields! In a moment of shock
I remembered how quiet it was behind the hill
She burns over the autumn gold,
It burns over the winter silver...
The star of the fields burns without fading,
For all the anxious inhabitants of the earth,
Touching with your welcoming ray
All the cities that rose in the distance.
But only here, in the icy darkness,
She rises brighter and fuller,
And I'm happy as long as I'm in this world
The star of my fields is burning, burning...
What type of lyricism would you classify this poem as (landscape, philosophical, intimate, civil)? Why?
Determine from which person the text is constructed, how is the speaker expressed (directly or indirectly)?
What is the main subject of speech in this work? What words are the key words in your opinion?
What connection, according to N. Rubtsov, exists between nature and man? How is this connection emphasized?
With the help of what techniques does the poet manage to convey his attitude towards nature?
Maximum – 7 points
9. Read the work of I.S. Turgenev - prose poem “The Beggar” (1878).
Explain how you understood its meaning. In your answer, rely on the tasks proposed after the text (the recommended length of answers to each question is 3-4 sentences). (8 points)
I was walking down the street... I was stopped by a beggar, a decrepit old man.
Inflamed, tearful eyes, blue lips, rough rags, unclean wounds... Oh, how hideously poverty has gnawed at this unfortunate creature!
He handed me a red, swollen, dirty hand... He moaned, he moaned for help.
I started rummaging through all my pockets... Not a wallet, not a watch, not even a handkerchief... I didn’t take anything with me.
And the beggar waited... and his outstretched hand weakly swayed and trembled.
Lost, embarrassed, I firmly shook this dirty, trembling hand...
“Don’t blame me, brother; I have nothing, brother.”
The beggar stared at me with his bloodshot eyes; his blue lips smiled
– and he, in turn, squeezed my cold fingers.
“Well, brother,” he mumbled, “and thank you for that.” This is also alms, brother.
I realized that I also received alms from my brother.
1.Formulate the theme of the work. What artistic means Does Turgenev characterize the position of a beggar? (2 points)
2.Describe state of mind narrator and name what techniques it is expressed in. (2 points)
3. Explain what kind of alms the beggar spoke about, and what kind of alms the narrator had in mind in the last phrase of the work. (2 points)
4.Logicality and literacy of the test. (5 points)
Maximum – 11 points
Preview:
School stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in literature
2017- -2018 academic year
9th grade
1.1. Suddenly there is a snowstorm all around;
The snow is falling in clumps;
The black corvid, whistling with its wing,
Hovering over the sleigh;
The raven croaks: sadness!
The horses are in a hurry
They look sensitively into the distance,
Raising their manes.
1.2. Then everything disappeared: the meadows and the skies.
We're in a dark room. To complete the miracle
The floor opened - and you are from there,
Pale as death, and hair on end!
Then the doors opened with thunder
Some are not people or animals.
We were separated - and they tortured the one sitting with me
1.3 . This night they dressed me in the evening...
black blanket
on a yew bed;
scooped me blue wine,
mixed with grief;
they poured filthy foreigners on me from the empty quivers
large pearls on the chest
and undead me.
1.4 .And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes... Yes, you, mother, then father... As soon as I start to fall asleep, then I see that you, mother, deign to beat father... So I felt sorry for... you, mother: you are so tired, beating father ...
2. What works are the excerpts taken from? Name their authors and genre
belonging.
2.1. Kings and kingdoms of the earth are a delight,
Beloved silence,
The bliss of the villages, the city fence,
How useful and beautiful you are!
The flowers around you are full of flowers
And the classes in the fields turn yellow;
The ships are full of treasures
They dare to follow you into the sea;
You sprinkle with a generous hand
Your wealth on earth.
2.2. The sensitive, kind old woman, seeing her daughter’s tirelessness, often pressed her to her weakly beating heart, called her divine mercy, nurse, the joy of her old age, and prayed to God to reward her for what she did for her mother.
2.3 . Suddenly there is a snowstorm all around;
The snow is falling in clumps;
The black corvid, whistling with its wing,
Hovering over the sleigh;
The raven croaks: sadness!
The horses are in a hurry
They look sensitively into the distance,
Raising their manes.
3. In the list of works by A. Pushkin below, their names are mixed up. From the words that make up the incorrect titles, restore the true names.
“Journey to the village of Kirdzhali”, “Prisoner of Peter the Great”, “Arap in Kolomna”, “The House of an Egyptian Peasant Woman”, “Caucasian Robbers”, “The History of Arzrum”, “The Brothers of Count Nulin”, “Nights of the Young Lady Goryukhina”.
4. What literary heroes, real historical figures, are depicted in the following passages? Name the work and author.
4.1. His eyes
They shine. His face is terrible.
The movements are fast. He's wonderful.
He's like God's thunderstorm.
It's coming. They bring him a horse.
The faithful horse is zealous and humble,
Feeling the fatal fire,
Trembling. He looks askance with his eyes
And rushes in the dust of battle,
Proud of the mighty rider.
4.2 . Here the king frowned his black eyebrows
And he focused his keen eyes on him,
Like a hawk looked from the heights of heaven
To the young blue-winged dove, -
Yes, the young fighter did not look up.
4.3. He was wearing a beautiful Cossack caftan, trimmed with braid. Tall sable hat with
golden tassels were pulled over his sparkling eyes. ... sat in first place,
leaning his elbows on the table and propping up his black beard with his wide fist.
5. What work are we talking about?
5.1. “The greatest patriotic poem is dedicated not to one of the victories, of which Russian weapons had many, but to a terrible defeat, in which for the first time in Russian history the prince was captured and the army was almost destroyed!” (D.S. Likhachev)
5.2 . They say that one of the young nobles recognized himself in the hero of this work and was so shocked that he threw himself into learning, studied at home and abroad, studied languages, philosophy, the history of painting... This was Nikolai Alekseevich Olenin, one of the most educated people of his time .
5.3 . When A. S. Pushkin was passing through Yekaterinoslavl, two brothers escaped from the local prison. The poet himself testifies to this: “In 1820... two robbers, chained together, swam across the Dnieper and escaped. Their rest on the island and the drowning of one of the guards were not invented by me.” This incident became the reason for writing a long poem, which the author then destroyed, leaving only the beginning. This passage turned into an independent poem.
6. Explain the meaning of mythological names in the given texts.
6.1. Like a crane's wedge into foreign borders -
On the heads of kings there is divine foam -
Where are you sailing? Whenever Elena
What is Troy alone for you, Achaean men?
(O. Mandelstam)
6.2. “Here are the winds, the grandchildren of Stribog, blowing arrows from the sea...” (“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”)
7. Give an interpretation of the literary terms mentioned in the excerpt from M. Yu. Lermontov’s work “A Fairy Tale for Children.”
The weapon is excellent: you throw an epigram in the face of your enemies...
Do you want to annoy your friends?
Give them a poem or a drama!
8. Interpretation of the poetic text. Offer your own version of a literary analysis of this poem.
Echo
Does the beast roar in the deep forest,
Does the horn blow, does the thunder roar,
Is the maiden behind the hill singing?
For every sound
Your response in the empty air
You will give birth suddenly.
You listen to the roar of thunder,
And the voice of the storm and the waves,
And the cry of rural shepherds -
And you send an answer;
You don’t have any feedback... That’s it
And you, poet! (A.S. Pushkin. 1831)
Genre features 1 point; - chronotope 1 point; - poetic vocabulary 2 points;
Poetic syntax 2 points - sound writing 2 points; - integrity and compositional harmony of interpretation 2 points. The maximum number of points is 24.The maximum number of points for the entire work is 60 points.
Preview:
Literature Olympiad
10th grade
2017-2018 academic year
- Knowledge of literary texts.
- – 6 b, )
1.3 . Fell into the snow; bear quickly
She is grabbed and carried;
She is emotionlessly submissive;
Doesn't move, doesn't die;
He rushes her along the forest road;
All around is wilderness, he is everywhere
Covered in desert snow,
And it shines brightly through the window,
And in the hut there was screaming and noise;
Warm yourself up with him a little!
And he walks straight into the canopy,
And he puts it on the threshold.
- Find out the work by its ending. Name the author.(Maximum number of points – 3 points, 0.5 points each)
- The ghost, however, was much taller, wore an enormous mustache and, directing his steps, as it seemed, towards the Obukhov Bridge, disappeared completely into the darkness of the night.
- The bell rings with a wonderful ringing; The air, torn into pieces, thunders and becomes the wind; everything that is on earth flies past, and, looking askance, other peoples and states step aside and give way to it.
2.3 Good for you, Katya! Why did I stay in the world and suffer!
- Historical and literary assignments.
- For the plays of which Russian playwright was the dictionary created by N.S. Ashukin and S.I. Ozhegov, including the following articles:great – delicate; nothing - nothing; electricity - electricity; to have breakfast - to have breakfast; hypocrite - feigned - virtuous person, hypocrite (Maximum number of points – 1 point)
- This literary magazine published sequentially by A.S. Pushkin, P.A. Pletnev, N.A. Nekrasov from 1836 to 1866 “The Captain's Daughter”, “Notes of a Hunter”, “Mumu” were published in it. What are the names of the magazine?(Maximum number of points – 1 point)
- In which worksRussian classicsAre the characters gypsies?(One point for each correctly named work + author)
III. Knowledge of literary theory.
1.Indicate funds artistic expression, used in the passage?(Maximum number of points – 3 points)
... In one place, a particularly dull lantern diluted the darkness, and, passing through its dim aura, the fog turned into beads of rain (V. Nabokov “Other Shores”).
- Here are fragments of lyrical works and names of genres. Relate them to each other. Write down your answer using letters and numbers (for example: m – 9). Max-8b.
Genre name | Example number |
A) idyll | |
With one foot he slays friend and foe, With the other he tramples the universe's shores. (A. Suvorov) 2. The day is already paler, hiding behind the mountain; Noisy herds crowd over the river; Tired villager with slow feet He goes, lost in thought, to his quiet hut. (V. Zhukovsky) 3.
Crowd gloomy and soon forgotten (M. Lermontov) 4. The calm of ashes. The cat plays with hair. Everything will pass. (M. Lemaire) 5.
Love, hope, quiet glory (A. Pushkin) | 6.
Poet! do not value people's love. You are the king: live alone. On the road to freedom They are in you. You are your own highest court; Are you satisfied? So let the crowd scold him (A. Pushkin) 7. Verb of times! metal ringing! Your terrible voice confuses me, Calling me, calling your moan, He calls and brings you closer to the coffin. I barely saw this light, Death is already gnashing its teeth, Like lightning, the scythe shines And my days are cut by like grain. (G. Derzhavin) 8. Shepherdesses, I forget For hours I was sad, groaning, I’ll play my pipe again, You will see me again in your circles. (A. Sumarokov) |
IV. Analysis of poetic text. Maxim. 25 points
11th grade
2017-2018 academic year
- Before you are the dreams of literary heroes. Who dreams of them? Indicate the work and its author.(Maximum points– 6 b, title, author - 0.5 each; hero - 1 point)
- It was as if I had a presentiment: today I dreamed all night about two extraordinary rats. Really, I’ve never seen anything like this: black, of unnatural size! They came, smelled it, and left.
1.2. I had a dream that I could never forget and in which I still see something prophetic when I consider the strange circumstances of my life with it.
It seemed to me that the storm was still raging and we were still wandering through the snowy desert... Suddenly I saw a gate and drove into the manor’s courtyard of our estate. My first thought was the fear that my father would be angry with me for my involuntary return to my parents’ roof and would consider it deliberate disobedience. With anxiety, I jumped out of the wagon and saw: mother met me on the porch with an appearance of deep grief. “Hush,” she says me - father sick on the verge of death and wants to say goodbye to you." Struck by fear, I follow her into the bedroom. I see the room is dimly lit; people with sad faces are standing by the bed. I quietly approach the bed; mother raises the curtain... I knelt down and directed my eyes are on the patient. Well?.. Instead of my father, I see a man with a black beard lying in the bed, looking at me cheerfully. I turned to my mother in bewilderment, telling her: “What does this mean? This is not father. And why should I ask for a man’s blessing?”...
1.3. Fell into the snow; bear quickly
She is grabbed and carried;
She is emotionlessly submissive;
Doesn't move, doesn't die;
He rushes her along the forest road;
Suddenly, between the trees there is a miserable hut;
All around is wilderness, he is everywhere
Covered in desert snow,
And it shines brightly through the window,
And in the hut there was screaming and noise;
The bear said: my godfather is here.
Warm yourself up with him a little!
And he walks straight into the canopy,
And he puts it on the threshold.
2. Read the text, find the names of works of art hidden in it. Write them down and indicate the author.
“Mentally running through his life, he asked himself with painful anguish: “Who is to blame for the fact that he, who successfully started his career as a financier, fell off a cliff and found himself at the bottom of society. What to do? The most ordinary story! Such is the fate of a person who believes in the kindness and gentle tenderness of the world. How hard it is for him to understand the truth that our world is an empty, cold house, whose inhabitants have an empty, cold heart beating. The world is a trap for the gullible, a huge barge laden with the outcasts.”
It was already getting dark. Purple clouds were creeping across the low sky, harbingers of an approaching thunderstorm. The streets became dark, like the wilds of a dense, impenetrable forest, in which, as if coming from the depths of memory, the call of the ancestors sounded someone’s quiet, stern voice. Hiding his nose in the beaver collar of his overcoat, he, not paying attention to the raindrops, walked alone and slowly through the empty city, like a holy passion-bearer making a cleansing walk through torment.
3. Explain literary terms:
Allegory - ; anapest -; annotation-; antithesis-; aphorism -; alliteration -.
4. What directions and trends in Russian literature of the early 20th century influenced the work of the best poets and prose writers of this time? Name the representatives of these movements.
5 . 1. First public speaking V. Mayakovsky with poetry reading took place in the famous artistic basement ____________________________________________
2. In 1918 At a poetry evening in Polytechnic Museum in Moscow _______________
__________________ was elected, Mayakovsky took second place, and Balmont took third place.
3. Since the autumn of 1905, __________ has become the brightest literary salon in St. Petersburg
Vyacheslav Ivanov, his apartment in a building on Tavricheskaya Street, located on the top floor, in the corner tower.
4. The publishing house ____________ led by M. Gorky in different years included L. Andreev, I. Bunin, V. Veresaev, N. Garin-Mikhailovsky, A. Kuprin, I. Shevelev and other writers
5. In 1907 The premiere of A. Blok's play _____________ took place at the V.F. Komissarzhevskaya Theater, with music by M.A. Kuzmin.
6. A. Blok said that Vrubel’s “Demon” and Lermontov’s “Demon” are “symbols of our time.” Write short article about this artist, name his most famous paintings.
7. 1. In the period 1900-1903. the poet created his best poems:
“Verblessness”, “I am the sophistication of Russian slow speech...”, “Most tender of all.” In 1904-1905 The Scorpio publishing house published a collection of the poet's poems in two volumes. This period ends with the collection “Liturgy of Beauty. Elemental Hymns”, in which the poet reproaches people who “have fallen out of love with the Sun”.
8. 1. Determine the poetic meter, rhyme, and method of rhyming in each passage;
1. My queen has a high palace,
About seven golden pillars,
My queen has a seven-sided crown,
There are countless expensive stones in it
2. Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails.
I read the list of ships to the middle:
This long brood, this train
Crane,
That once rose above Hellas.
3. She came in from the cold,
Flushed,
Filled the room
The aroma of air and perfume.
9. Choose a match: writer - work:
1. M Sholokhov 1. “Brest Fortress”
2. V. Nekrasov 2. “Borodino”
3. V. Bykov 3. “And the dawns here are quiet”
4. A. Tvardovsky 4. “Obelisk”
5. K. Simonov 5. “White Guard”
6. M. Lermontov 6. “The Fate of Man”
7. N. Bulgakov 7. “Wait for me”
8. B. Vasiliev 8. “Hot Snow”
9. Yu. Bondarev 9. “Vasily Terkin”
10. S. Smirnov 10. “In the trenches of Stalingrad”
10. Analysis of the poetic text.
M.Yu.Lermontov
"Sky and Stars"
Clear evening sky
The distant stars are clear,
Clear as the happiness of a child;
ABOUT! Why can't I think:
Stars, you are clear, like my happiness!
Why are you unhappy?
Will people tell me?
That makes me unhappy
Good people are like the stars and the sky -
Stars and sky! - and I’m a man!..
People to each other
Envy is nourished;
I, on the contrary,
I only envy the beautiful stars,
I would only like to take their place.
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