For parents planning to send their child to music school, as well as all art lovers need to know that the instruments they play are divided into several types. Electrical devices, such as a synthesizer, stand apart. Wind instruments sound by oscillating air in a hollow tube. When playing the keyboard, you need to activate the hammer, which strikes the string. This is usually done using finger pressure.

Violin and its variants

String instruments there are two types:

• bowed;
• plucked

They are very popular among music lovers. Bow instruments often perform main melodies in orchestral plays and symphonies. They acquired their modern appearance quite late. The violin replaced the ancient viol only in the 17th century. The rest of the bowed strings were formed even later. In addition to the classical violin, there are other varieties of this instrument. For example, baroque. Bach's works are often performed on it. There is also a national Indian violin. They play it folk music. In the folklore of many ethnic groups there is a sounding object similar to a violin.

Main group of the symphony orchestra

String instruments are very popular all over the world. Their names are:

• violin;
• alto;
• cello;
• double bass

These instruments make up the string group symphony orchestra. The most popular of them is the violin. It is she who attracts many children who want to learn music. This is logical, because there are more violins in the orchestra than other instruments. Therefore, art needs specialists of the appropriate profile.

String instruments, the names of which are listed here, were formed in parallel. They developed in two directions.

1. Appearance and physical and acoustic properties.
2. Musical abilities: melody or bass performance, technical agility.

Antonio Stradivari

In both cases, the violin was ahead of its “colleagues”. The heyday of this instrument was the 17th and 18th centuries. It was at this time that the great master Antonio Stradivari worked. He was a student of Nicolo Amati. When Stradivari began to learn the profession, the shape and components of the violin were already formed. The size of the instrument was also established, convenient for the musician. Stradivarius contributed to the development of art. He focused on the material from which the body is made and the composition covering it. The master made musical instruments by hand. The violin was an exclusive item at that time. Only court musicians played it. They often made individual orders. Stradivari knew the requirements and preferences of all leading violinists. The master paid a lot of attention to the material from which he made the instrument. He often used used wood. There is a legend that Stradivari tapped fences with a cane while walking. If he liked the sound, then the students, at the command of Signor Antonio, broke out suitable boards.

Secrets of the master

Stringed instruments are coated with a special varnish. Stradivari developed a special composition, which he kept secret. He was afraid of competitors. Researchers have established that the master coated the body with oil to prime wooden boards, which was used by painters of that time. Stradivari also added various natural dyes to the composition. They gave the instrument not only an original color, but also beautiful sound. Today violins are coated with alcohol varnishes.

String instruments developed very intensively. In the XVII and XVIII centuries Virtuoso violinists worked at aristocratic courts. They composed music for their instrument. Such a virtuoso was Antonio Vivaldi. The violin developed as a solo instrument. She acquired unprecedented technical capabilities. The violin could play beautiful melodies, brilliant passages and even polyphonic chords.

Sound features

Stringed instruments were often used in orchestral works. Composers used such a property of violins as continuity of sound. A smooth transition between notes is possible by moving the bow along the strings. The violin sound, unlike the piano sound, does not fade. It can be strengthened or weakened by adjusting the bow pressure. Therefore, the strings were instructed to play for a long time sounding melodies with different volume levels.

Musical instruments of this group have approximately the same properties. The viola, cello and double bass are very similar to the violin. They differ in size, timbre and register.

The viola is larger than the violin. It is played with a bow, pressing the instrument with the chin to the shoulder. Because the viola's strings are thicker than those of the violin, it has a different range. The instrument is capable of low sounds. He often plays accompanying melodies and backing notes. The large size interferes with the viola's mobility. He cannot master rapid virtuoso passages.

Bow giants

Music under current

Harrison was an electric guitar virtuoso. This instrument does not have a hollow resonator body. Vibrations of metal strings are converted into electric current, which is then transformed into sound waves perceived by the ear. The performer can change the timbre of his instrument using special devices.

There is another type of electric guitar that is widely popular. It sounds exclusively in the low range. This is a bass guitar. It has four thick strings. The function of an instrument in an ensemble is to support a strong bass support.

You can order the services of violinists in Moscow on the website. Yudu performers offering their services are ready to go to any address you specify to give a concert. On Yuda you can inexpensively order the services of violinists at:

• wedding ceremony
• gala event
• anniversary
• romantic meeting

Prices for services of Yudu performers

In the price list, which is posted on the website, you can see the approximate prices for the services of musicians in Moscow. Yuda performers offer musical accompaniment approximately 20-40% cheaper than in specialized companies. If you need a violinist, the price for his services will depend on the length of the concert program.

To find out exactly how much it costs to order musical accompaniment from Yudu performers, leave a request and indicate in it:

• place where the event will be held: at home, in a restaurant, on the street
• special wishes for the concert program
• date when the services of musicians are required

Features of the provision of services by Yudu performers

Experienced performers are registered on the YouDo website, including violinists who offer outdoor concerts. By using their services, you will have the opportunity to create your own concert program to your liking. Yudu's performers guarantee an individual approach to each order and service at a high professional level.

Of course, everyone knows the violin. The most refined and sophisticated among string instruments, the violin is a way of transmitting the emotions of a skilled performer to the listener. While sometimes gloomy, unrestrained and even rude, she remains tender and vulnerable, beautiful and sensual.

We have prepared for you some fascinating facts about this magical musical instrument. You will learn how a violin works, how many strings it has, and what works are written by composers for the violin.

How does a violin work?

Its structure is simple: body, neck and strings. Tool accessories vary widely in their purpose and importance. For example, one should not overlook the bow, thanks to which sound is extracted from the strings, or the chinrest and bridge, which allow the performer to place the instrument most comfortably on the left shoulder.

There are also accessories like a machine, which allows the violinist to correct the tuning that has changed for any reason without wasting time, in contrast to the use of string holders - pegs, which are much more difficult to work with.

There are only four strings themselves, always tuned to the same notes - E, A, D and G. violins? From different materials - they can be vein, silk or metal.

The first string on the right is tuned to E of the second octave and is the thinnest of all the strings presented. The second string, together with the third, “personify” the notes “A” and “D”, respectively. They have an average, almost identical thickness. Both notes are in the first octave. The last, thickest and bassiest string is the fourth string, tuned to the note “G” of the small octave.

Each string has its own timbre - from piercing (“E”) to thick (“Sol”). This is what allows the violinist to convey emotions so skillfully. The sound also depends on the bow - the reed itself and the hair stretched over it.

What types of violins are there?

The answer to this question may be confusing and varied, but we will answer quite simply: there are the most familiar wooden violins for us - the so-called acoustic ones, and there are also electric violins. The latter operate on electricity, and their sound is heard thanks to the so-called “speaker” with an amplifier - a combo. There is no doubt that these instruments are designed differently, although they may look the same in appearance. The technique of playing an acoustic and electronic violin is not significantly different, but you have to get used to an analog electronic instrument in its own way.

What works are written for violin?

The works are a separate topic for reflection, because the violin shows itself magnificently both as a soloist and in. Therefore, solo concerts, sonatas, partitas, caprices and plays of other genres are written for the violin, as well as parts for all kinds of duets, quartets and other ensembles.

The violin can participate in almost all types of music. Most often on at the moment it is included in classical, folk and rock. You can even hear the violin in children's cartoons and their Japanese adaptations - anime. All this only contributes to the increasing popularity of the instrument and only confirms that the violin will never disappear.

Famous violin makers

Also, don't forget about the violin makers. Probably the most famous is Antonio Stradivari. All his instruments are very expensive, they were valued in the past. Stradivarius violins are the most famous. During his lifetime, he made more than 1,000 violins, but at the moment between 150 and 600 instruments have survived - the information in various sources is sometimes amazing in its diversity.

Other families associated with violin making include the Amati family. Different generations This large Italian family improved bowed musical instruments, including improving the structure of the violin, achieving a strong and expressive sound from it.

Famous violinists: who are they?

The violin was once a folk instrument, but over time the technique of playing it became complex and individual virtuoso craftsmen began to emerge from among the people, who delighted the public with their art. Italy has been famous for its violinists since the musical Renaissance. It is enough to name just a few names - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. Niccolo Paganini also came from Italy, whose name is shrouded in legends and secrets.

Among the violinists who came from Russia are such great names as J. Heifetz, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. Modern listeners also know the names of current stars in this field of performing arts - these are, for example, V. Spivakov and Vanessa-Mae.

It is believed that in order to start learning to play this instrument, you must have at least good skills, strong nerves and patience, which will help you overcome five to seven years of study. Of course, such a thing cannot do without disruptions and failures, however, as a rule, even these are only beneficial. The study time will be difficult, but the result is worth the pain.

Material dedicated to the violin cannot be left without music. Listen famous music Saint-Saens. You've probably heard it before, but do you know what kind of work it is?

C. Saint-Saens Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso

The violin is an instrument that has had a tremendous influence on music. It was widely used in classical works, where its flowing, gentle sound came in very handy. Folk art also noticed this beautiful instrument, although it appeared not so long ago, it managed to take its place in ethnic music. The violin is compared to the human voice, as its sound is fluid and varied. Its shape resembles a female silhouette, which makes this instrument alive and animated. Today, not everyone has a good idea of ​​what a violin is. Let's fix this unfortunate situation.

The history of the violin

The violin owes its appearance to many ethnic instruments, each of which had its own influence on it. Among them are the British mole, the Armenian bambir and the Arabian rebab. The design of the violin is by no means new; many eastern peoples have been using similar instruments for centuries, performing folk music on them to this day. The viol acquired its current form in the 16th century, when its production was put on stream, great masters began to appear creating unique instruments. There were especially many such craftsmen in Italy, where the tradition of creating violins is still alive.

Since the 17th century, violin playing began to acquire modern form. It was then that compositions appeared that are considered to be the first works written specifically for this delicate instrument. This is Romanesca per violino solo e basso, composed by Biagio Marini and Capriccio stravagante, composed by Carlo Farina. In subsequent years, violin masters began to appear like mushrooms after rain. Italy especially distinguished itself in this regard, giving rise to the largest number

How does a violin work?

The violin got its soft and deep sound thanks to its unique design. There are 3 main parts in it - the head, neck and body. The combination of these parts allows the instrument to produce those mesmerizing sounds that brought it worldwide fame. The largest part of the violin is the body, onto which all other parts are attached. It consists of two decks connected by shells. Soundboards are made from different types of wood to achieve the purest and most beautiful sound. The upper part is most often made of spruce, and for the lower part they use poplar.

When you play the violin, the soundboard resonates with the rest of the instrument, creating sound. In order for it to be lively and ringing, it is made as thin as possible. On expensive craftsman violins, the thickness of the top soundboard can be only a couple of millimeters. The back is usually thicker and stronger than the top, and the wood from which it is made is selected to match the sides that join the two soundboards together.

Shells and darling

The shells are the sides of the violin located between the top and bottom decks. They are made from the same material as the back deck. Moreover, often these parts use wood from the same tree, carefully selected for texture and pattern. This structure is held in place not only by glue, but also by small blocks that increase its strength. They are called clots and are located inside the body. There is also a bass beam located inside, which transmits vibrations to the body and gives additional rigidity to the top deck.

On the body of the violin there are two cutouts in the form of the Latin letter f, which are called f-holes. Not far from the right cutout is one of the most important parts of the instrument - the choker. This is a small wooden beam that serves as a spacer between the top and bottom decks and transmits vibration. The darling got its name from the word “soul,” which hints at the importance of this small detail. The masters noticed that the position, size and material of the headstock seriously affect the sound of the instrument. Therefore, only an experienced violin maker can position this small but important part of the body correctly.

Tailpiece

A story about a violin and its design would be incomplete without mentioning such an important element as the tailpiece, or neck. Previously, it was carved from wood, but today plastic is increasingly used for these purposes. It is the tailpiece that secures the strings at the desired height. There are also sometimes machines on it that make setting up the instrument much easier. Before their appearance, the violin was tuned exclusively with pegs, with the help of which it is very difficult to make precise tuning.

The underneck is held on by a button inserted into a hole on the body on the side opposite the neck. This design is constantly under severe stress, so the hole must fit perfectly into the button. Otherwise, the shell may crack, turning the violin into a useless piece of wood.

Vulture

The neck of the violin is glued to the front of the body, under which the musician’s hand is located while playing. The neck is attached to the neck - a rounded surface made of hard wood or plastic, against which the strings are pressed. Its shape is designed so that the strings do not interfere with each other when playing. In this matter, he is helped by a stand that raises the strings above the fingerboard. The stand has slots for strings, which you can make yourself, to your taste, since new stands are sold without slots.

There are also grooves for strings on the nut. It is located at the very end of the neck and separates the strings from each other before they enter the tuning box. It contains pegs that serve as the main tool. They are simply inserted into wooden holes and are not secured by anything. Thanks to this, the musician can adjust the stroke of the pegs to suit his needs. You can make them tight and unyielding by applying gentle pressure while adjusting. Or vice versa, remove the pegs so that they move easier, but hold the tune less well.

Strings

What is a violin without strings? A beautiful but useless piece of wood, good only for driving nails. Strings are a very important part of the instrument, since its sound largely depends on them. The role of the material from which this small but significant part of the violin is made is especially important. Like everything in our world, strings develop and absorb best gifts technogenic era. However, their original material can hardly be called high-tech.

Oddly enough, but sheep intestines are what the ancient musical violin. They were dried, processed and tightly twisted to later become a string. The craftsmen managed to keep secret the material used in the production of strings for a long time. Products made from sheep intestines gave a very soft sound, but wore out quickly and required frequent tuning. Today you can also find similar strings, but modern materials are much more popular.

Modern strings

Today, sheep guts are at the complete disposal of their owners, since gut strings are used quite rarely. They were replaced by high-tech metal and synthetic products. Synthetic strings sound close to their gut predecessors. They also have a rather soft and warm sound, but do not have the disadvantages that their natural “colleagues” have.

Another type of strings is steel, which are made from all kinds of non-ferrous and precious metals, but most often from their alloys. They sound bright and loud, but lose in softness and depth. These strings are suitable for many classical pieces that require clarity and brightness of sound. They also stay in tune for a long time and are quite durable.

Violin. Long haul

For for many years Since its existence, the violin has become popular throughout the planet. This wonderful instrument was especially glorified by classical music. The violin can brighten up any work; many composers gave it a leading role in their masterpieces. Everyone is familiar with Immortals or Vivaldi, in which a lot of attention was paid to this luxurious instrument. But over time, the violin became a relic of the past, the lot of a narrow circle of connoisseurs or musicians. Electronic sound has displaced this instrument from popular music. The smooth flowing sounds are gone, giving way to a cheerful and primitive beat.

Fresh notes for the violin were usually written only to accompany films; new songs for this instrument appeared only among folklore performers, but their sound was rather monotonous. Fortunately, in recent years there have been many groups performing modern music featuring violin. The audience was tired of the monotonous love howls of another pop star, opening their hearts to deep instrumental music.

Fox Violin

A funny story put a violin into a song famous musician— Igor Sarukhanov. One day he wrote a composition that he planned to call “The Creak of the Wheel.” However, the work turned out to be very figurative and vague. Therefore, the author decided to call it consonant words, which was supposed to emphasize the atmosphere of the song. There are still fierce battles on the Internet over the name of this composition. But what does the author of the song, Igor Sarukhanov, say about this? Violin Fox is the real title of the song, according to the musician. Is it irony or interesting idea, built on a play on words, is known only to the resourceful performer himself.

Is it worth learning to play the violin?

I am sure that many people want to master this wonderful tool, but abandon this idea without ever starting to bring it to life. For some reason, it is believed that learning to play the violin is a very difficult process. After all, there are no frets on it, and even this bow, which should become an extension of the hand. Of course, it is easier to start learning music with a guitar or piano, but mastering the art of playing the violin is only more difficult at first. But then, when the basic skills are firmly mastered, the learning process becomes approximately the same as on any other instrument. The violin develops hearing well, since it has no frets. This will be a good help in future music studies.

If you already know what a violin is and are determined to master this instrument, then it is important to know that they come in different sizes. For children, small models are selected - 3/4 or 2/4. For an adult, a standard violin is required - 4/4. Naturally, you need to start classes under the supervision of an experienced mentor, since it is very difficult to learn on your own. For those who want to try their luck in mastering this instrument on their own, many textbooks have been created to suit every taste.

Unique musical instrument

Today you learned what a violin is. It turns out that it is not an archaic relic of the past on which only classics can be performed. There are more and more violinists; many groups have begun to use this instrument in their work. The violin is found in many literary works, especially children's. For example, “Fenina’s Violin” by Kuznetsov, loved by many children and even their parents. A good violinist can play in any musical genre, from heavy metal to pop music. We can safely say that the violin will exist as long as there is music.

The first violins appeared in France and Italy at the beginning of the 16th century. Soon they began to be made throughout Europe, but Italy was famous for its best violins, which gave the world outstanding violin makers N. Amati, A. Guarneri, A. Stradivari. Their violins, made of well-dried, varnished maple and spruce plates, sang more beautifully than the most beautiful voices. The instruments created by the hands of these brilliant wizards were and are still played by outstanding violinists in the world.

The violin has 4 strings, each of which has its own unique sound color. The top one is brilliant and bright, the middle two have a more gentle poetic tone (the third is more intense, the second is soft), and the bottom one – the “bass” – has a richness of timbre and strength. The technical capabilities of the violin are great - it is the most mobile and flexible instrument among the bowed ones. The techniques of playing it were improved locally with the art of individual virtuosos. N. Paganini especially developed the capabilities of the instrument. Many wonderful violinists subsequently appeared, but no one could surpass him. And yet the Belgian A. Vietan, the Pole G. Wieniawski, the Hungarian J. Joachim, the Spaniard P. Sarasate each in their own way managed to touch new strings of the violin’s heart. Wonderful works for the violin were created by A. Vivaldi, J. S. Bach and W. A. ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven and J. Brahms, P. I. Tchaikovsky and A. K. Glazunov. And in the 20th century, E. Izan, F. Kreisler, J. Heifitz, I. Menuhin, I. Stern, M. B. Polyakin captivated audiences with their virtuosity and colorful playing, and their insight into the expressive capabilities of the violin. Their art inspired composers to write new sonatas, concerts, and plays. The violin acts not only as a solo instrument - it certainly plays in chamber ensembles, duets, trios, quartets and other ensembles.

Violin teachers:

Zhurnova Tatyana Valentinovna

Education: Secondary vocational. Belgorodskoe music school, 1976.

Achievements: Honored Cultural Worker Russian Federation(2006), awarded the badge “For Achievements in Culture” (2006); Certificate of Honor Belgorod city administration (2015); Certificate of honor from the regional educational and methodological center. Highest qualification category. Work experience: 42 years.

Rzhevskaya Rimma Ivanovna

Violin teacher.

Education: Higher. Belgorod Music College, 1976 Belgorod State Pedagogical Institute named after. M. S. Olminsky, 1983, specialty - Russian language and literature, qualification - teacher of Russian language and literature and the title of teacher.

Achievements: Certificate of Honor from the Ministry of Culture and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation, (2006); Gratitude from the Governor of the Belgorod Region (2017). Highest qualification category. Work experience: 42 years.