Essay: Pechorin’s entourage in the novel “A Hero of Our Time” (M. Yu. Lermontov). Why is Pechorin a strange person? What a strange man this Pechorin is

Pechorin – main character novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". One of the most famous characters in Russian classics, whose name has become a household name. The article provides information about the character from the work, quotation description.

Full name

Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin.

His name was... Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. He was a nice guy

Age

Once, in the fall, a transport with provisions arrived; there was an officer in the transport, a young man of about twenty-five

Relation to other characters

Pechorin treated almost everyone around him with disdain. The only exceptions are , whom Pechorin considered his equal, and female characters who aroused some feelings in him.

Pechorin's appearance

A young man of about twenty-five. A striking feature is the eyes that never laugh.

He was of average height; his slender, thin figure and broad shoulders proved a strong build, capable of enduring all the difficulties of a nomad; his dusty velvet frock coat, fastened only by the bottom two buttons, made it possible to see his dazzlingly clean linen, revealing the habits of a decent man; his stained gloves seemed deliberately tailored to fit his small aristocratic hand, and when he took off one glove, I was surprised at the thinness of his pale fingers. His gait was careless and lazy, but I noticed that he did not wave his arms - a sure sign of some secretiveness of character. When he sat down on the bench, his straight waist bent, as if he didn’t have a single bone in his back; the position of his whole body depicted some kind of nervous weakness: he sat like Balzac’s thirty-year-old coquette sits. At first glance at his face, I would not have given him more than twenty-three years, although after that I was ready to give him thirty. There was something childish in his smile. His skin had a certain feminine tenderness; his blond hair, naturally curly, so picturesquely outlined his pale, noble forehead, on which, only after long observation, one could notice traces of wrinkles. Despite the light color of his hair, his mustache and eyebrows were black - a sign of the breed in a person, just like the black mane and black tail of a white horse. He had a slightly upturned nose, dazzling white teeth and brown eyes; I must say a few more words about the eyes.
First of all, they didn't laugh when he laughed! This is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep, constant sadness. Because of the half-lowered eyelashes, they shone with some kind of phosphorescent shine. It was the shine of steel, dazzling, but cold; his gaze - short, but penetrating and heavy, left the unpleasant impression of an indiscreet question and could have seemed impudent if he had not been so indifferently calm. In general, he was very handsome and had one of those original faces that are especially popular with secular women.

Social status

An officer exiled to the Caucasus for some bad story, possibly a duel.

Once, in the fall, a transport with provisions arrived; there was an officer in the transport

I explained to them that I was an officer, I was going to an active detachment for official business.

And what do I care about human joys and misfortunes, me, a traveling officer?

I said your name... She knew it. It seems your story has caused a lot of noise there...

At the same time, a wealthy aristocrat from St. Petersburg.

strong build... not defeated by the debauchery of metropolitan life

and besides, I have lackeys and money!

they looked at me with tender curiosity: the St. Petersburg cut of the frock coat misled them

I noticed to her that she must have met you in St. Petersburg, somewhere in the world...

empty travel stroller; its easy movement, convenient design and smart appearance had some kind of foreign imprint.

Further fate

Died while returning from Persia.

I recently learned that Pechorin died while returning from Persia.

Pechorin's personality

To say that Pechorin - unusual person- this is nothing to say. It combines intelligence, knowledge of people, extreme honesty towards oneself and the inability to find a purpose in life and low morality. Because of these qualities, he constantly finds himself in tragic situations. His diary amazes with the sincerity of his assessment of his actions and desires.

Pechorin about himself

He speaks of himself as an unhappy person who cannot escape boredom.

I have an unhappy character; Whether my upbringing made me this way, whether God created me this way, I don’t know; I only know that if I am the cause of the misfortune of others, then I myself am no less unhappy; Of course, this is little consolation to them - only the fact is that it is so. In my early youth, from the moment I left the care of my relatives, I began to madly enjoy all the pleasures that could be obtained for money, and of course, these pleasures disgusted me. Then I set out into the big world, and soon I also got tired of society; I fell in love with society beauties and was loved - but their love only irritated my imagination and pride, and my heart remained empty... I began to read, study - I was also tired of science; I saw that neither fame nor happiness depended on them at all, because the most happy people- ignoramuses, and fame is luck, and to achieve it, you just need to be dexterous. Then I became bored... Soon they transferred me to the Caucasus: this is the happiest time of my life. I hoped that boredom did not live under Chechen bullets - in vain: after a month I got so used to their buzzing and the proximity of death that, really, I paid more attention to mosquitoes - and I became more bored than before, because I had lost almost my last hope . When I saw Bela in my house, when for the first time, holding her on my knees, I kissed her black curls, I, a fool, thought that she was an angel sent to me by compassionate fate... I was wrong again: the love of a savage is for few better than love noble lady; the ignorance and simple-heartedness of one are just as annoying as the coquetry of the other. If you want, I still love her, I am grateful to her for a few rather sweet minutes, I would give my life for her - only I’m bored with her... Am I a fool or a villain, I don’t know; but it is true that I am also very worthy of pity, perhaps more than she: my soul is spoiled by light, my imagination is restless, my heart is insatiable; Everything is not enough for me: I get used to sadness just as easily as to pleasure, and my life becomes emptier day by day; I have only one remedy left: travel. As soon as possible, I will go - just not to Europe, God forbid! - I’ll go to America, to Arabia, to India - maybe I’ll die somewhere on the road! At least I am sure that this last consolation will not soon be exhausted by storms and bad roads.”

About my upbringing

Pechorin blames his behavior on improper upbringing in childhood, non-recognition of his true virtuous principles.

Yes, this has been my lot since childhood. Everyone read on my face signs of bad feelings that were not there; but they were anticipated - and they were born. I was modest - I was accused of guile: I became secretive. I felt good and evil deeply; no one caressed me, everyone insulted me: I became vindictive; I was gloomy, - other children were cheerful and talkative; I felt superior to them - they put me lower. I became envious. I was ready to love the whole world, but no one understood me: and I learned to hate. My colorless youth passed in a struggle with myself and the world; Fearing ridicule, I buried my best feelings in the depths of my heart: they died there. I told the truth - they didn’t believe me: I began to deceive; Having learned well the light and springs of society, I became skilled in the science of life and saw how others were happy without art, freely enjoying the benefits that I so tirelessly sought. And then despair was born in my chest - not the despair that is treated with the barrel of a pistol, but cold, powerless despair, covered with courtesy and a good-natured smile. I became a moral cripple: one half of my soul did not exist, it dried up, evaporated, died, I cut it off and threw it away - while the other moved and lived at the service of everyone, and no one noticed this, because no one knew about the existence of the deceased its halves; but now you have awakened in me the memory of her, and I read her epitaph to you. To many, all epitaphs seem funny, but not to me, especially when I remember what lies underneath them. However, I do not ask you to share my opinion: if my prank seems funny to you, please laugh: I warn you that this will not upset me in the least.

About passion and pleasure

Pechorin often philosophizes, in particular, about the motives of actions, passions and true values.

But there is immense pleasure in possessing a young, barely blossoming soul! She is like a flower whose best fragrance evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; you need to pick it up at this moment and, after breathing it to your heart’s content, throw it on the road: maybe someone will pick it up! I feel this insatiable greed within me, devouring everything that comes my way; I look at the sufferings and joys of others only in relation to myself, as food that supports my mental strength. I myself am no longer capable of going mad under the influence of passion; My ambition was suppressed by circumstances, but it manifested itself in a different form, for ambition is nothing more than a thirst for power, and my first pleasure is to subordinate to my will everything that surrounds me; to arouse feelings of love, devotion and fear - isn’t this the first sign and the greatest triumph of power? To be the cause of suffering and joy for someone, without having any positive right to do so - isn’t this the sweetest food of our pride? What is happiness? Intense pride. If I considered myself better, more powerful than everyone else in the world, I would be happy; if everyone loved me, I would find endless sources of love in myself. Evil begets evil; the first suffering gives the concept of pleasure in tormenting another; the idea of evil cannot enter a person’s head without him wanting to apply it to reality: ideas are organic creatures, someone said: their birth already gives them a form, and this form is an action; the one in whose head more ideas were born acts more than others; because of this, a genius chained to an official desk must die or go crazy, just as a man with a powerful physique, with a sedentary life and modest behavior, dies of an apoplexy. Passions are nothing more than ideas in their first development: they belong to the youth of the heart, and he is a fool who thinks to worry about them all his life: many calm rivers begin with noisy waterfalls, but not one jumps and foams all the way to the sea. But this calmness is often a sign of greatness, though hidden power; the fullness and depth of feelings and thoughts does not allow frantic impulses; the soul, suffering and enjoying, gives itself a strict account of everything and is convinced that it should be so; she knows that without thunderstorms the constant heat of the sun will dry her out; she gets into her own life, - cherishes and punishes himself like a beloved child. Only in this highest state of self-knowledge can a person appreciate God's justice.

About fatal destiny

Pechorin knows that he brings misfortune to people. He even considers himself an executioner:

I run through my entire past in my memory and involuntarily ask myself: why did I live? For what purpose was I born?.. And, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense powers in my soul... But I didn’t guess this purpose, I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions; I came out of their crucible hard and cold as iron, but I lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations - the best light of life. And since then, how many times have I played the role of an ax in the hands of fate! Like an instrument of execution, I fell on the heads of the doomed victims, often without malice, always without regret... My love did not bring happiness to anyone, because I did not sacrifice anything for those I loved: I loved for myself, for my own pleasure: I only satisfied a strange need of the heart, greedily absorbing their feelings, their joys and sufferings - and could never get enough. Thus, a person tormented by hunger falls asleep exhausted and sees before him luxurious dishes and sparkling wines; he devours with delight the aerial gifts of the imagination, and it seems easier to him; but as soon as I woke up, the dream disappeared... what remained was double hunger and despair!

I felt sad. And why did fate throw me into the peaceful circle of honest smugglers? Like a stone thrown into a smooth spring, I disturbed their calm and, like a stone, I almost sank to the bottom myself!

About women

Pechorin does not pass over women, their logic and feelings, with an unflattering side. It becomes clear that women with strong character he shuns to please his weaknesses, because such people are not able to forgive him for his indifference and spiritual stinginess, to understand and love him.

What should I do? I have a presentiment... When meeting a woman, I always unmistakably guessed whether she would love me or not....

What a woman won’t do to upset her rival! I remember one fell in love with me because I loved the other. There is nothing more paradoxical female mind; It is difficult to convince women of anything; they must be brought to the point where they convince themselves; the order of evidence with which they destroy their warnings is very original; in order to learn their dialectics, you need to overturn in your mind all the school rules of logic.

I must admit that I definitely don’t like women with character: is it any of their business! , maybe if I had met her five years later, we would have parted differently...

About the fear of getting married

At the same time, Pechorin honestly admits to himself that he is afraid to get married. He even finds the reason for this - as a child, a fortune teller predicted his death from his evil wife

I sometimes despise myself... is that not why I despise others?.. I have become incapable of noble impulses; I'm afraid to seem funny to myself. If someone else were in my place, he would have offered the princess son coeur et sa fortune; but the word marry has some kind of magical power over me: no matter how passionately I love a woman, if she only makes me feel that I should marry her, forgive love! my heart turns to stone, and nothing will warm it up again. I am ready for all sacrifices except this one; Twenty times I will put my life, even my honor, on the line... but I will not sell my freedom. Why do I value her so much? What’s in it for me?.. where am I preparing myself? What do I expect from the future?.. Really, absolutely nothing. This is some kind of innate fear, an inexplicable premonition... After all, there are people who are unconsciously afraid of spiders, cockroaches, mice... Should I admit it?.. When I was still a child, one old woman wondered about me to my mother; she predicted my death from an evil wife; this struck me deeply then; An insurmountable aversion to marriage was born in my soul... Meanwhile, something tells me that her prediction will come true; at least I will try to make it come true as late as possible.

About enemies

Pechorin is not afraid of enemies and even rejoices when they exist.

Very glad; I love enemies, although not in a Christian way. They amuse me, they stir my blood. To be always on the alert, to catch every glance, the meaning of every word, to guess intentions, to destroy conspiracies, to pretend to be deceived, and suddenly with one push to overturn the entire huge and laborious edifice of their cunning and plans - this is what I call life.

about friendship

According to Pechorin himself, he cannot be friends:

I am incapable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other, although often neither of them admits this to himself; I cannot be a slave, and in this case commanding is tedious work, because at the same time I must deceive; and besides, I have lackeys and money!

About inferior people

Pechorin speaks poorly of disabled people, seeing in them an inferiority of soul.

But what to do? I am often prone to prejudice... I admit, I have a strong prejudice against all the blind, crooked, deaf, dumb, legless, armless, hunchbacked, etc. I noticed that there is always some strange relationship between a person’s appearance and his soul: as if with the loss of a member the soul loses some kind of feeling.

About fatalism

It is difficult to say for sure whether Pechorin believes in fate. Most likely he doesn’t believe it and even argued about it with. However, that same evening he decided to try his luck and almost died. Pechorin is passionate and ready to say goodbye to life, he tests himself for strength. His determination and steadfastness even in the face of mortal danger is amazing.

I like to doubt everything: this disposition of mind does not interfere with the decisiveness of my character - on the contrary, as for me, I always move forward more boldly when I do not know what awaits me. After all, nothing worse can happen than death—and you can’t escape death!

After all this, how can one not become a fatalist? But who knows for sure whether he is convinced of something or not?.. and how often do we mistake for a belief a deception of feelings or a blunder of reason!..

At that moment a strange thought flashed through my head: like Vulich, I decided to tempt fate.

The shot rang out right next to my ear, the bullet tore off my epaulette

About death

Pechorin is not afraid of death. According to the hero, he has already seen and experienced everything possible in this life in dreams and daydreams, and now he wanders aimlessly, having spent the most on fantasies. best qualities of your soul.

Well? die like that die! the loss to the world is small; and I’m pretty bored myself. I am like a man yawning at a ball who does not go to bed only because his carriage is not yet there. But the carriage is ready... goodbye!..

And maybe I will die tomorrow!.. and there will not be a single creature left on earth who would understand me completely. Some consider me worse, others better than I really am... Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others - a scoundrel. Both will be false. After this, is life worth the trouble? but you live out of curiosity: you expect something new... It’s funny and annoying!

Pechorin has a passion for driving fast

Despite all the internal contradictions and oddities of character, Pechorin is able to truly enjoy nature and the power of the elements; he, like M.Yu. Lermontov is in love with mountain landscapes and seeks salvation from his restless mind in them

Returning home, I sat on horseback and galloped off into the steppe; I love to ride a hot horse through the tall grass, against the desert wind; I greedily swallow the fragrant air and direct my gaze into the blue distance, trying to catch the foggy outlines of objects that are becoming clearer and clearer every minute. Whatever grief lies on the heart, whatever anxiety torments the thought, everything will dissipate in a minute; the soul will become light, the fatigue of the body will overcome the anxiety of the mind. There is no female gaze that I would not forget at the sight of curly mountains, illuminated southern sun, seeing the blue sky or listening to the sound of a stream falling from cliff to cliff.

So, “Hero of Our Time” - psychological novel, that is, a new word in Russian literature of the nineteenth century. This is a truly special work for its time - it has a truly interesting structure: a Caucasian short story, travel notes, a diary... But still, the main goal of the work is to reveal the image of the unusual, at first glance, strange person - Gregory Pechorina. This is truly an extraordinary, special person. And the reader sees this throughout the novel. Who is Pechorin, and what is his major tragedy? We see the hero from the most different people, and can thus compose it psychological portrait. In the first chapters of the novel, you can see Grigory Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych, a retired officer, a friend of the hero.

“He was a strange man,” he says. But the elderly officer lives in another time, in another world and cannot give a complete and objective description. But already at the beginning of the novel, from the words of Maxim Maksimych, we understand that this is a special person. The next stage of disclosure image-description Pechorin as a traveling officer. He is closer to him in age, and in his views, and in his social circle, therefore, he can reveal it better inner world. And the officer notices some features of appearance that are directly related to character. Much attention is paid to the description of gait, eyes, hands, figure. But the look plays key role. “His Eyes did not laugh when he laughed - this is a sign of either an evil disposition or an all-consuming sadness.” And it is here that we come closer to the answer to the question: what is the tragedy of the hero? The most complete answer is presented in the part of the novel that illustrates the psychology of secular society - “Princess Mary”. It is written in the form of a diary. And that is why we can talk about the real sincerity and genuineness of the narrative, because in a diary a person expresses feelings only for himself, and, as you know, there is no point in lying to yourself. And here Pechorin himself tells the reader about his tragedy. The text contains a large number of monologues in which the hero himself analyzes his actions, philosophizes about his purpose and inner world. AND main problem It turns out that Pechorin constantly turns inward, evaluates his actions and words, which contributes to the discovery of his own vices and imperfections. And Pechorin says: “I have an innate passion to contradict...” He fights with the world around him. It may seem that this is an angry and indifferent person, but this is by no means the case. His inner world is deep and vulnerable. He is tormented by the bitterness of misunderstanding by society. “Everyone read signs of bad qualities on my face...” Perhaps this is precisely the main tragedy. He deeply felt good and evil, could love, but those around him did not understand, and his best qualities were strangled. All feelings were hidden in the farthest corners of the soul. He became a “moral cripple.” And he himself writes that half of his soul has died, and the other is barely alive. But she’s alive! They still live in Pechorin true feelings. But they are strangled. In addition, the hero is tormented by boredom and loneliness. However, feelings break through in this man, when he runs after Vera, he falls and cries - that means he is still really human! But suffering is an unbearable test for him. And you can notice that the tragedy of Pechorin echoes the tragedy of Pushkin Onegina-Pechorin cannot find recognition in life, science is uninteresting to him, service is boring... Thus, there are several main problems: lack of understanding of society, lack of self-realization. And society did not understand Grigory Pechorin. He thought that he was destined for higher goals, but misunderstanding turned into a tragedy for him - it broke his life and divided his soul into two halves - dark and light.

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Pechorin as an extra person

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on October 3, 1814 in Moscow into the family of a captain. Childhood years are spent on the Tarkhany estate in the Penza province. He studied at Moscow University. Lermontov spoke many languages.
At the beginning of the 19th century, works appeared in Russian literature, the main problem of which was the conflict between man and the society around him. Created new image- “an extra person”, rejected, spiritually unclaimed by society.
In the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov creates the image of such a person. This image is Pechorin.
Pechorin was born into a rich noble family, so youth was in the circles of influential people. However, he soon became bored with the “light” of society with its empty entertainment, “which can be obtained for money” - balls, festive dinners and, of course, masquerades with their tedious conversations and lack of practical activities. Pechorin was drawn to education and science, but quickly decided for himself that “you are more likely to find happiness in ignorance and wealth,” and “he did not want fame.” This hero is internally devastated. The reason for his emptiness can be found by learning about his upbringing. From the very beginning of his life, he was doomed to an empty future. Proof of this can be found by reading his diary: “I was modest - I was accused of guile: I became secretive. I felt good and evil deeply. Nobody caressed me. Everyone insulted me. I became vindictive. I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me and I learned to hate.
Pechorin is portrayed in the novel as a victim of noble people. Thus, from childhood he became a cruel, vindictive and cynical person, he gradually moved away from people, lost faith in life and love.
Throughout the novel, the hero tries to fight his inner emptiness. But all his efforts end in failure. All the things he starts are doomed to failure. He understands this and suffers greatly from it. His suffering is expressed in a constant struggle between humanism and cynicism. Pechorin describes all this in his diary. In the struggle with himself, he “exhausted the heat of the soul and the constancy of the will” necessary for an active life. Pechorina does all this " extra person"from a social perspective.
He is also weak psychologically. Pechorin does not want to make new acquaintances, communicate with smart people. He is burdened by spiritual and emotional intimacy. He has no friends and doesn't love anyone. He explains this by the fact that friendship is never based on equality, and by the fear of losing personal freedom.
From this we can conclude that this hero values only his independence. He is so freedom-loving that he has a strong desire to subordinate everything and everyone to his will, even love.
The closest people to Pechorin are only Doctor Werner and Vera. He shares a feeling of loneliness with Dr. Werner. They are also united by mental unsettlement, as well as a similar mindset.
About Vera we can say that she is “the only woman in the world.” He loves her selflessly and unselfishly. However, in these relationships problems arise that are difficult for him to solve.
Pechorin constantly battles fiery passion and cold indifference.
Thus, Pechorin's extreme selfishness shows his uselessness in all respects. Focusing on his own problems and aspirations, the hero does no good to anyone and does not bring happiness, we can conclude that he has withdrawn into himself.
Even he himself admits that he “became a moral cracker.”

So, “A Hero of Our Time” is a psychological novel, that is, a new word in Russian literature of the nineteenth century. This is a truly special work for its time - it has a truly interesting structure: a Caucasian short story, travel notes, a diary... But still, the main goal of the work is to reveal the image of an unusual, at first glance, strange man - Grigory Pechorin. This is truly an extraordinary, special person. And the reader sees this throughout the novel.

Who is Pechorin, and what is his main tragedy? We see the hero from the side of a variety of people, and thus can create his psychological portrait. In the first chapters of the novel, you can see Grigory Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych, a retired officer, a friend of the hero. “He was a strange man,” he says. But the elderly officer lives in another time, in another world and cannot give a complete and objective description. But already at the beginning of the novel, from the words of Maxim Maksimych, we understand that this is a special person. The next stage in revealing the image is the description of Pechorin by a traveling officer. He is closer to him in age, and in his views, and in his circle of friends, therefore, he can better reveal his inner world.

And the officer notices some features of appearance that are directly related to character. Much attention is paid to the description of gait, eyes, hands, figure. But the look plays a key role. “His Eyes did not laugh when he laughed - this is a sign of either an evil disposition or an all-consuming sadness.” And it is here that we come closer to the answer to the question: what is the tragedy of the hero? The most complete answer is presented in the part of the novel that illustrates the psychology of secular society - “Princess Mary”. It is written in the form of a diary. And that is why we can talk about the real sincerity and genuineness of the narrative, because in a diary a person expresses feelings only for himself, and, as you know, there is no point in lying to yourself. And here Pechorin himself tells the reader about his tragedy. The text contains a large number of monologues in which the hero himself analyzes his actions, philosophizes about his purpose and inner world. And the main problem turns out to be that Pechorin constantly turns inward, evaluates his actions and words, which contributes to the discovery of his own vices and imperfections. And Pechorin says: “I have an innate passion to contradict...” He fights with the world around him. It may seem that this is an angry and indifferent person, but this is by no means the case. His inner world is deep and vulnerable. He is tormented by the bitterness of misunderstanding by society. “Everyone read on my face the signs of bad qualities...” Perhaps this is precisely the main tragedy. He deeply felt good and evil, could love, but those around him did not understand, and his best qualities were strangled. All feelings were hidden in the farthest corners of the soul. He became a “moral cripple.” And he himself writes that half of his soul has died, and the other is barely alive. But she’s alive! True feelings still live in Pechorin. But they are strangled. In addition, the hero is tormented by boredom and loneliness. However, feelings break through in this man, when he runs after Vera, he falls and cries - that means he is still really human! But suffering is an unbearable test for him. And you can notice that Pechorin’s tragedy echoes the tragedy of Pushkin’s Onegin - Pechorin cannot find recognition in life, science is not interesting to him, service is boring...

Thus, there are several main problems: lack of understanding of society, lack of self-realization. And society did not understand Grigory Pechorin. He thought that he was destined for higher goals, but misunderstanding turned into a tragedy for him - it broke his life and divided his soul into two halves - dark and light.

Why does Satin defend Luka in a dispute with the night shelters? - -
Why, when portraying Kutuzov in the novel War and Peace, does Tolstoy deliberately avoid glorifying the image of the commander? - -
Why does the finale of the sixth chapter of the novel “Eugene Onegin” sound like the theme of the author’s farewell to youth, poetry and romanticism? - -

The image of Pechorin in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”

Reflective lessons

I offer three lessons on the image of Pechorin, which also include characteristics of other heroes of the novel. The lessons are structured in the form of a heuristic conversation, inviting students to independently interpret the image of the main character, evaluate his actions and, most importantly, try to find an explanation for their questions in life.

Such tasks give reason to call these lessons reflection lessons.

Lesson #1

Topic: “Strange Man” Pechorin.

Goals: To reveal Pechorin’s character traits in the chapters “Bela” and “Maksim Maksimych”, to develop skills and abilities psychological analysis actions of the hero, comparing him with other characters, cultivating interest in working with the text of a biographical novel.

Lesson progress

On the eve of the duel, Pechorin will write down remarkable phrases in his diary: “And maybe I’ll die tomorrow! And there will not be a single creature left on earth who would understand me completely. Some consider me worse, others better than I really am... Some will say: he was a kind fellow, others - a scoundrel! Both will be false..."

Why is it so important to be understood? Why is it scary to die ununderstood? The hero of the film “We'll Live Until Monday”, having tormented himself for 2 lessons on the essay topic “What is happiness?”, wrote one single phrase: “Happiness is when you are understood...” This was his formula for happiness. How many people would subscribe to this phrase!

Pechorin needs not love, not help, not compassion, but understanding - to the point of pain, to despair. If people understood complex, extraordinary, at first glance, strange personalities, Pushkin, Lermontov, Mayakovsky, Yesenin would not have left us so soon...

Each of you is no less interesting and no less strange than Pechorin. It is worth remembering the words of Chatsky: “I am strange, but who is not strange? The one who is like all fools."

Trying to understand Pechorin means understanding yourself in some way. Each of us is a hero of our time. What is he like, the hero of Lermontov’s era?

Let's write down the topic of the lesson: “Strange Man” Pechorin.

2. Conversation, work with text.

Nature plays an important role in the novel: it both foreshadows the tragic end in the first chapter and leads us along the amazing roads of the Caucasus (An individual task is given to next lessons: analysis of pictures of nature in chapters 1-2, characterize artistic techniques author, find metaphors, comparisons, epithets, including color ones)

3. Work on portrait characteristic hero.

Students write down contradictions in his appearance:

Broad shoulders - a small aristocratic hand.

White hair – black mustache and eyebrows.

A child's smile is a heavy look.

Youthful appearance, delicate skin - wrinkles intersecting one another.

Students express their opinions about the following portrait sketch: “Pechorin’s eyes did not laugh when he laughed - this is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep, constant sadness.”

Which Pechorin is angry or sad?

4. Discussion of the issue of Pechorin’s relationship with Maxim Maksimych.

Why did two officers who served together for quite a long time never become friends?

Why is the kind, sweet Maxim Maksimych forgotten not only by Pechorin, but also by Bela?

Conclusion: Maxim Maksimych is too simple, unable to understand the depth of the soul, the torment of an extraordinary person. Between them there is an abyss of misunderstanding, “different roads.”

Home students are given the task of reading the chapters “Taman”, “Princess Mary” and thinking through the answer to the question: “Love and friendship in the life of Pechorin. Is he capable of these feelings?

Lesson #2.

Topic: Pechorin and his entourage.

Objectives: to consider the image of Pechorin in interaction with other heroes of the novel, to reveal the role personal diary in characterizing the hero, develop skills in psychological analysis of views and actions literary hero, characterize the society surrounding Pechorin, cultivate interest in psychological analysis.

Lesson progress

1. Opening remarks teachers.

In the previous lesson, we were convinced that Pechorin is a complex person, capable of both good impulses of the soul and cruel acts that bring grief to others. But none of those who are next to him have the right to judge the hero, because he judges and executes himself. This will appear in Pechorin’s diary - his tragic confession. He appears here as a good psychologist who does not spare any of the heroes for their weaknesses and vices, just as he will not spare himself.

2. Conversation on the chapter “Taman”.

- “And why did fate throw me into the peaceful circle of honest smugglers?”

Indeed, why did Pechorin interfere in their lives? And why " honest smugglers"? (incompatible concept)

3. Analysis of the text of the chapter “Mary” on the topic of the lesson: “Pechorin and his entourage.”

What was the “water society”? Give him a description.

Pechorin and Werner

Were they friends?

- “Werner is a wonderful person for many reasons.” Which ones exactly?

Why did Werner and Pechorin say goodbye so coldly?

Conclusion. Recognizing Werner as his equal in intelligence, Pechorin himself admits his inability to make friends. Apparently, this is because friendship presupposes dedication, even sacrifice, and Pechorin is “sick” of egocentrism.

Pechorin and Grushnitsky

Is the reason for their mutual hostility a moral and psychological basis or an intimate love one? How does it manifest itself?

Conclusion. Grushnitsky loses in many ways to Pechorin; he is stupid, but pretends to be witty, strives to shine in society. It looks funny. But for Pechorin everything works out easily, without much desire or stress.

Grushnitsky plays a comedy, portraying a disappointed sufferer, but looks like a buffoon, while Pechorin’s suffering and disappointment are genuine.

Thus, Grushnitsky insulted a thinking person in Pechorin, doomed to a divided life.

Grushnitsky is capable of meanness if his pride is hurt. When does this appear?

Does Grushnitsky have a conscience?

(Yes, she spoke once during the duel)

What contradictions does Pechorin’s duel reveal?

A) Denies himself the opportunity to live by feelings: “I have long lived not with my heart, but with my head,” and at the same time does not sleep the night before the duel, and during the duel the doctor discovers that he has a “feverish pulse.”

B) Does not value life: “Maybe I want to be killed...”, but at the same time frantically clings to life: he reads Walter Scott’s novel at night, worries about his high destiny.

C) He makes attempts to reason with Grushnitsky and reconcile with him, but in the end he kills him, horrifying and bewildering Werner with his action.

Pechorin and his friends

What attracts Pechorin to officers on the waters? (wit and generosity)

How many horses does Pechorin have? (4: one for yourself, three for friends)

Why does he always go for walks alone?

Why did Pechorin’s friends so easily take Grushnitsky’s side during the conflict? How would you answer Pechorin’s own question: “Why do they all hate me?”

Conclusion. He was smarter than them, sought a high goal in life, despised rank and wealth, and, therefore, was a “black sheep” among them. Pechorin invariably caused unaccountable irritation to those around him, who were ready to find fault even with his “always clean gloves,” but in fact, according to Belinsky, “they cannot forgive him for his superiority over them.”

Pechorin and women

What qualities of Pechorin manifested themselves especially clearly in his relationships with women? (A good psychologist. Educated. Witty. His diary is replete with the names of philosophers, writers, historical figures).

How was Pechorin able to arouse the love of Mary, who was initially attracted to Grushnitsky? (Played on feelings: annoyance→hatred→interest→compassion→desire to reward for previous coldness. To do this, for his part he showed: impudence→indifference→mysteriousness→sharpness of mind→complaints about misunderstanding)

Practical exercise for the opportunity to compete with Pechorin in wit:

“I told her one of those phrases that everyone should have prepared for such a case.”

“I made her feel, in a very convoluted phrase, that I had liked her for a long time.”

These phrases are not in the text. Come up with them for Pechorin. You immediately felt that it was not so simple. Try it do it at home, write down your variants of phrases for the next lesson.

Does Pechorin love Mary? Why is he creating an intrigue? (From boredom. And boredom comes from the emptiness of the soul. The soul is empty when it is not filled with feelings. Boredom has become synonymous with unhappiness for Pechorin).

Pechorin says that he feels immense strength in his soul. What exactly does he spend his energy on? (For intrigues, adventures)

Conclusion. Pechorin's tragedy is that he lacks business is the main thing of life. The era of timelessness turned into a real tragedy for intelligent, extraordinary natures.

Why does Pechorin value his relationship with Vera so much, but at the same time he doesn’t want to change anything in his life? (Firstly, she is one of the few who understands him, and secondly, she is a memory of those times when he was still capable of love).

- “Do I look like a murderer?” - Pechorin will ask Mary. “You are worse,” she replies. How to understand this?

Conclusion. Pechorin morally killed people with his actions, but at the same time he himself suffered cruelly: after Bela’s death “he was unwell, emaciated...”, during a difficult explanation with Mary he experiences shock: “It became unbearable: another minute and I would have fallen at her feet "

In him, goodness was mixed with cruelty and heartlessness, and the best forces of the soul were spent on unsightly deeds and actions.

4. Summing up the lesson.

Who is to blame for Pechorin’s misfortune - secular society or himself? (Love for people is born from love, but never from hatred or contempt)

Homework: Select descriptions of nature in the novel to characterize the image of Pechorin; compose two missing phrases for Pechorin; give several short, concise formulations that accurately define the essence of the main character (come up with yourself and use words from the text of the novel, statements from critics).

Lesson #3.

Topic: Pechorin as a “portrait of a generation.”

Objectives: to reveal the role of nature in characterizing the image of Pechorin, to teach to generalize and systematize the information received, to select required material, develop skills in working with text, cultivate interest in working with classical works.

Lesson progress

1. Checking homework.

Students read versions of phrases invented by Pechorin.

2. Practical work over selected descriptions of nature.

How do pictures of nature help reveal Pechorin’s soul?

Students find expressive details in the form of metaphors, epithets, personifications (an extinguished torch, gray patches of clouds like snakes, thorny bushes, an ominous cloud, a dying wind, heavy, cold clouds, the sun - a yellow spot).

Performance by students individual tasks: Observing the pictures of nature in the first two chapters.

Conclusion. Pechorin loves nature, and it has a beneficial effect on him. We read the description of nature at the beginning of the chapter “Princess Mary”. It is no coincidence that he rented an apartment on the edge of the city. It is here that we see him kind and peaceful.

3. Reflection on the role of the diary in the hero’s life.

Pechorin wrote that the diary would be a “precious memory” for him. Then why doesn’t he want to take his papers from Maxim Maksimych and indifferently say about the diary: “Do with it what you want”?

Pechorin's papers are his soul, thoughts, feelings. But will this be a “precious memory” over time? Or maybe terrible?

Reading the diary, we see the yearning eyes of Bela, a crying blind boy, the mournful face of Vera, “pale as marble,” Mary, the murdered Grushnitsky, Werner’s smart, reproachful look...

Hardly such memories could be precious for Pechorin. The past relentlessly haunts him, and conscience further sharpens the memory of the soul: “There is no person in the world over whom the past would acquire such power as over me.”

Refusal from the diary, from the meeting with Maxim Maksimych, is the last movement of the good side of Pechorin’s nature and, at the same time, a symptom of his spiritual death.

Before us is the true face of the hero of that time, completely devastated, desperate, who once said: “I feel immense strength within me.” And there is no longer any trace of those immense forces...

We read stanzas from the novel “Eugene Onegin”, in which Pushkin talks about two possible paths for a person. We compare them with the content of the last paragraph of the chapter “Princess Mary”.

Why did Pechorin choose the second path?

Why does the image of a sail appear at the end of this chapter, symbolic for Lermontov himself? Isn’t this image hiding a faint hope that all is not lost for Pechorin and his generation, that there is still a chance to finally use “immense forces” in a different direction? If yes, where and how?

4. Summing up the lesson.

Who is Pechorin? Give it a concise figurative description.

Collective work on a selection of hero characteristics:

"Smart uselessness."

“The suffering egoist” (Belinsky).

"An extra person."

“Moral cripple” (Pechorin).

"Onegin's younger brother" (Herzen).

“The Extinguished Torch” (From Pechorin’s diary).

Which definition, in your opinion, is most suitable to characterize Pechorin? You will answer this question in your homework.

Homework: Homemade essay in the image of Pechorin on one of the topics presented as a concise description.