Lesson topic. The grammatical basis of the Sentence. Two-part sentences. Grammatical basis Method of expressing the nominal part

Unfortunately, to everyone who forgot to show me the exercise in the workbook, with a sad face and sadness in their hearts, I give two marks...
Nothing is assigned for Wednesday, except to learn theoretical material, pay off debts and start (continue) individual notebooks, which I plan to collect from November 11 to 18... Rest a little and put your brain in order :-). But for those who want to work out And fix ratings!

1. Reflexive verbs are intransitive
Wash your face- "to wash oneself" comb your hair- comb your hair, think about it- think to yourself
I remembered Vasily's mother
The baby obeyed his mother
Waited for my sister

Does the baby obey his mother?
The uniqueness of the sentence in the title lies in the fact that it is constructed in violation of an elementary grammatical rule: the form accusative case without a preposition can only be used with transitive verbs (this is their peculiarity in any language), but in our example we used a verb with the suffix -sya, which is intransitive. We find the same thing in sentences The children were afraid of their strict mother; Everyone was waiting for Anna Ivanovna, in which after the intransitive verb, instead of the genitive case form, the accusative case form is used.
And yet such “wrong” sentences are legitimized in colloquial speech and penetrate into artistic style . Colloquial speech has its own norms, which often do not coincide with the norms of book speech: D Everyone was afraid of poison (N. Leskov); Are you waiting for Grisha? (F. Dostoevsky); Pavlik... loves and obeys Valya. But he doesn’t listen to Laura (V. Oseeva).

The main parts of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.
Subject
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?
Ways to Express Subject
1. Noun in the nominative case (or other part of speech used in the meaning of the noun)
The snowstorm arrived immediately. (N. Ostrovsky) Those gathered discussed the agenda.
2.Pronoun in the nominative case Everyone went to the room assigned to them.
(A. Pushkin)
3. Infinitive Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland.
(TO . Paustovsky)
4. Phraseologisms Young and old came out into the field.
5. C common name The Milky Way stretches in a wide strip, from edge to edge. (V. Arsenyev)
6. Syntactically complete phrase My friend and I went quietly to our attic.
(M. Gorky)

Predicate
Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions: what does the subject do? what's happening to him? what is he like? etc.
The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods.
WITH the apparent can be simple or compound.
A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of any mood is called simple verbal predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. The predicate expresses the nature of the movement; at the same time, verbs indicate real action.

A predicate is called compound, in which lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in in different words.
A compound predicate can be verbal or nominal. It consists of two parts: one part (the copula) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning predicate. The verb to be and auxiliary verbs are used as connectives.

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“How can I not remember,” said Anton Pafnutich, scratching himself, “I remember very much.” So Misha died. I feel sorry for Misha, I swear to God! what a funny man he was! what a clever girl! You won’t find another bear like this. Why did Monsieur kill him?

Kirila Petrovich with great pleasure began to tell the feat of his Frenchman, for he had the happy ability to be vain about everything that surrounded him. The guests listened with attention to the story of Misha's death and looked with amazement at Deforge, who, not suspecting that the conversation was about his courage, sat calmly in his place and made moral comments to his frisky pupil.

The dinner, which lasted about three hours, was over; the owner put the napkin on the table, everyone got up and went into the living room, where coffee, cards and the continuation of the drinking session that had so nicely begun in the dining room awaited them.

At about seven o'clock in the evening, some guests wanted to leave, but the owner, amused by the punch, ordered the gates to be locked and announced that he would not let anyone out of the yard until the next morning. Soon the music began to thunder, the doors to the hall opened, and the ball began. The owner and his entourage sat in the corner, drinking glass after glass and admiring the gaiety of the youth. The old women played cards. There were fewer cavaliers, as everywhere else where some uhlan brigade was not stationed, than ladies; all the men who were fit for duty were recruited. The teacher was different from everyone, he danced more than anyone else, all the young ladies chose him and found it very clever to waltz with him. Several times he circled with Marya Kirilovna, and the young ladies mockingly noticed them. Finally, around midnight, the tired owner stopped dancing, ordered dinner, and went to bed.

The absence of Kiril Petrovich gave society more freedom and liveliness. The gentlemen dared to take a place next to the ladies. The girls laughed and whispered with their neighbors; the ladies were talking loudly across the table. The men drank, argued and laughed - in short, the dinner was extremely fun and left behind many pleasant memories.

Only one person did not participate in the general joy: Anton Pafnutich sat gloomy and silent in his place, ate absentmindedly and seemed extremely restless. Talk about robbers excited his imagination. We will soon see that he had good reason to fear them.

Anton Pafnutich, calling the Lord as a witness that his red box was empty, did not lie and did not sin: the red box was definitely empty, the money that was once stored in it went into the leather bag that he carried on his chest under his shirt. With this precaution he calmed his distrust of everyone and his eternal fear. Being forced to spend the night in someone else's house, he was afraid that they would give him an overnight stay somewhere in a secluded room, where thieves could easily get into. He looked with his eyes for a reliable comrade and finally chose Desforges. His appearance, revealing strength, and even more so the courage he showed when meeting with a bear, which poor Anton Pafnutich could not remember without a shudder, decided his choice. When they got up from the table, Anton Pafnutich began to hover around the young Frenchman, grunting and clearing his throat, and finally turned to him with an explanation.

- Hm, hm, is it possible, monsieur, for me to spend the night in your kennel, because if you please see...

- Que désire monsieur? – asked Deforge, bowing politely to him.

- What a problem, you, monsieur, haven’t learned Russian yet. Zhe ve, mua, she vu kushe, do you understand?

“Monsieur, très volontiers,” replied Desforges, “veuillez donner des ordres en conséquence.”

Anton Pafnutich, very pleased with his information in French, went immediately to give orders.

The guests began to say goodbye to each other, and each went to the room assigned to him. And Anton Pafnutich went with the teacher to the outbuilding. The night was dark. Deforge illuminated the road with a lantern, Anton Pafnutich followed him quite cheerfully, occasionally clutching a hidden bag to his chest in order to make sure that his money was still with him.

Arriving at the outbuilding, the teacher lit a candle, and both began to undress; Meanwhile, Anton Pafnutich paced around the room, examining the locks and windows and shaking his head at this disappointing inspection. The doors were locked with a single bolt, the windows did not yet have double frames. He tried to complain about this to Deforge, but his knowledge of French was too limited for such complex explanation; the Frenchman did not understand him, and Anton Pafnutich was forced to abandon his complaints. Their beds stood one opposite the other, they both lay down, and the teacher put out the candle.

- Pourquois vous touché, pourquois vous touchés? - Anton Pafnutich shouted, conjugating the Russian verb with sin in half carcass in the French way. - I can’t sleep in the dark. – Deforge did not understand his exclamation and wished him good night.

“You damned infidel,” Spitsyn grumbled, wrapping himself in a blanket. “He needed to put out the candle.” It's worse for him. I can't sleep without fire. “Monsieur, monsieur,” he continued, “same ve avec vu parlé.” “But the Frenchman did not answer and soon began to snore.

“The beastly Frenchman is snoring,” thought Anton Pafnutich, “but I can’t even sleep. Just look, thieves will enter the open doors or climb through the window, and you won’t even get him, the beast, with guns.”

- Monsieur! ah, monsieur! Damn you.

Anton Pafnutich fell silent, fatigue and the wine fumes little by little overcame his timidity, he began to doze, and soon a deep sleep completely took possession of him.

A strange awakening was in store for him. In his sleep, he felt that someone was quietly tugging at the collar of his shirt. Anton Pafnutich opened his eyes and, in the pale light of the autumn morning, saw Deforge in front of him: the Frenchman was holding a pocket pistol in one hand, and with the other he was unfastening the treasured bag. Anton Pafnutich froze.

- What is it, monsieur, what is it? – he said in a trembling voice.

“Hush, be silent,” answered the teacher in pure Russian, “be silent, or you are lost.” I am Dubrovsky.

Now let us ask the reader for permission to explain the last incidents of our story by previous circumstances, which we have not yet had time to tell.

At the station ** in the house of the caretaker, whom we have already mentioned, a traveler was sitting in the corner with a humble and patient look, denouncing a commoner or a foreigner, that is, a person who does not have a voice on the postal route. His chaise stood in the yard, waiting for grease. In it lay a small suitcase, a skinny proof of not very sufficient wealth. The traveler did not ask for tea or coffee, looked out the window and whistled, to the great displeasure of the caretaker sitting behind the partition.

“God sent a whistler,” she said in a low voice, “he’s whistling so that he bursts, you damned bastard.”

- And what? - said the caretaker, - what a problem, let him whistle.

- What's the problem? - objected the angry wife. - Don’t you know the signs?

- What sign? that whistling money survives. AND! Pakhomovna, we have some whistling, some not: but there’s still no money.

- Let him go, Sidorich. You want to keep it. Give him the horses and he'll go to hell.

– He’ll wait, Pakhomovna; There are only three triples in the stable, the fourth is resting. Just a moment, good travelers will arrive; I don’t want to be responsible for the Frenchman with my neck. Chew, that's right! there they jump. Eh-gee-gee, how cool; isn't it a general?

The carriage stopped at the porch. The servant jumped off the box, unlocked the doors, and a minute later a young man in a military overcoat and a white cap entered the caretaker's office; after him the servant brought in the box and placed it on the window.

“Horses,” said the officer in a commanding voice.

“Now,” answered the caretaker. - Please go to the road.

- I don’t have a travel pass. I'm driving to the side... Don't you recognize me?

The caretaker began to fuss and rushed to hurry the coachmen. The young man began to pace back and forth around the room, went behind the partition and quietly asked the caretaker: who was the traveler?

“God knows,” answered the caretaker, “some Frenchman.” He's been waiting for the horses and whistling for five hours now. Tired of it, damn it.

The young man spoke to the traveler in French.

-Where do you want to go? - he asked him.

“To the nearest town,” answered the Frenchman, “from there I go to a landowner who hired me as a teacher. I thought I would be there today, but the caretaker, it seems, judged differently. It's hard to get horses in this land, Mr. Officer.

– Which of the local landowners have you decided on? – asked the officer.

“To Mr. Troekurov,” answered the Frenchman.

- To Troekurov? Who is this Troekurov?

- Ma foi, mon officier... I have heard little good about him. They say that he is a proud and capricious gentleman, cruel in his treatment of his household, that no one can get along with him, that everyone trembles at his name, that he does not stand on ceremony with teachers (avec les outchitels) and has already beaten two to death.

- Have mercy! and you decided to decide on such a monster.

- What should we do, Mr. Officer? He offers me a good salary, three thousand rubles a year and everything is ready. Perhaps I will be happier than others. I have an old mother, I will send half of my salary to her for food, from the rest of the money in five years I can accumulate a small capital sufficient for my future independence, and then bonsoir, I go to Paris and embark on commercial activities.

– Does anyone in Troekurov’s house know you? – he asked.

“Nobody,” answered the teacher. “He sent me out of Moscow through one of his friends, whose cook, my compatriot, recommended me. You need to know that I was not preparing to be a teacher, but a confectioner, but I was told that in your land the teaching title is much more profitable...

The officer thought about it.

“Listen,” he interrupted the Frenchman, “what if, instead of this future, they offered you ten thousand in pure money so that you could immediately go back to Paris.”

The Frenchman looked at the officer in amazement, smiled and shook his head.

“The horses are ready,” said the caretaker who entered. The servant confirmed the same.

“Now,” the officer answered, “go out for a minute.” - The caretaker and servant came out. “I’m not joking,” he continued in French, “I can give you ten thousand, I only need your absence and your papers.” - With these words, he unlocked the box and took out several piles of banknotes.

The Frenchman widened his eyes. He didn't know what to think.

“My absence... my papers,” he repeated in amazement. - Here are my papers... But you’re kidding: why do you need my papers?

– You don’t care about that. I'm asking if you agree or not?

The Frenchman, still not believing his ears, handed his papers to the young officer, who quickly reviewed them.

The Frenchman stood rooted to the spot.

The officer returned.

– I forgot the most important thing. Give me your word of honor that all this will remain between us, your word of honor.

“My word of honor,” answered the Frenchman. – But my papers, what should I do without them?

- In the first city, announce that you were robbed by Dubrovsky. They will believe you and give you the necessary evidence. Goodbye, may God grant you to get to Paris soon and find your mother in good health.

Dubrovsky left the room, got into the carriage and galloped off.

The caretaker looked out the window, and when the carriage drove away, he turned to his wife with the exclamation: “Pakhomovna, do you know what? after all, it was Dubrovsky.”

The caretaker rushed headlong to the window, but it was too late: Dubrovsky was too far away. She began to scold her husband:

“You’re not afraid of God, Sidorich, why didn’t you tell me that before, I would have at least looked at Dubrovsky, but now wait for him to turn around again.” You are shameless, really, shameless!

The Frenchman stood rooted to the spot. The agreement with the officer, the money, everything seemed like a dream to him. But the piles of banknotes were there in his pocket and eloquently told him about the significance of the amazing incident.

He decided to hire horses to the city. The coachman drove him at a walk, and at night he dragged himself to the city.

Before reaching the outpost, where instead of a sentry there stood a collapsed booth, the Frenchman ordered to stop, got out of the chaise and went on foot, explaining with signs to the driver that he was giving him the chaise and suitcase for vodka. The coachman was as amazed at his generosity as the Frenchman himself at Dubrovsky’s offer. But, concluding from the fact that the German had gone mad, the coachman thanked him with a zealous bow and, not considering it a good idea to enter the city, went to an entertainment establishment known to him, the owner of which was very familiar to him. He spent the whole night there, and the next day in the morning, on an empty troika, he set off home without a chaise and without a suitcase, with a plump face and red eyes.

Dubrovsky, having taken possession of the Frenchman's papers, boldly came, as we have already seen, to Troekurov and settled in his house. Whatever his secret intentions were (we will find out later), there was nothing reprehensible in his behavior. True, he did little to educate little Sasha, gave him complete freedom to hang out and did not strictly punish him for the lessons assigned only for form, but with great diligence he followed the musical successes of his student and often sat with her for hours at the piano. Everyone loved young teacher- Kirila Petrovich for his bold agility in the hunt, Marya Kirilovna for his unlimited diligence and timid attentiveness, Sasha for his indulgence in his pranks, his family for their kindness and generosity, apparently incompatible with his condition. He himself seemed to be attached to the whole family and already considered himself a member of it.

About a month passed from his assumption of the teaching rank to the memorable celebration, and no one suspected that in the modest young Frenchman lurked a formidable robber, whose name terrified all the surrounding owners. During all this time, Dubrovsky did not leave Pokrovsky, but the rumor about his robberies did not subside thanks to the inventive imagination of the villagers, but it could also happen that his gang continued its actions even in the absence of the boss.

Spending the night in the same room with a man whom he could consider his personal enemy and one of the main culprits of his disaster, Dubrovsky could not resist temptation. He knew about the existence of the bag and decided to take possession of it. We saw how he amazed poor Anton Pafnutich with his unexpected transformation from teachers to robbers.

At nine o'clock in the morning, the guests who had spent the night in Pokrovskoye gathered one after another in the living room, where the samovar was already boiling, in front of which Marya Kirilovna was sitting in her morning dress, and Kirila Petrovich in a flannelette frock coat and shoes was drinking his wide cup, similar to a gargle. The last to appear was Anton Pafnutich; he was so pale and seemed so upset that his appearance struck everyone and that Kirila Petrovich inquired about his health. Spitsyn answered without any meaning and looked with horror at the teacher, who immediately sat as if nothing had happened. A few minutes later the servant came in and announced to Spitsyn that his carriage was ready; Anton Pafnutich hurried to take his leave and, despite the owner’s admonitions, hurriedly left the room and immediately left. They didn’t understand what had happened to him, and Kirila Petrovich decided that he had eaten too much. After tea and a farewell breakfast, the other guests began to leave, soon Pokrovskoye was empty, and everything returned to normal.

Several days passed and nothing of note happened. The life of the inhabitants of Pokrovsky was monotonous. Kirila Petrovich went hunting every day; reading, walking and music lessons Marya Kirilovna was occupied, especially with music lessons. She began to understand her own heart and admitted, with involuntary annoyance, that it was not indifferent to the merits of the young Frenchman. For his part, he did not go beyond the bounds of respect and strict decency, and thereby calmed her pride and fearful doubts. She indulged in this fascinating habit with more and more trust. She was bored without Deforges, in his presence she busied herself with him every minute, wanted to know his opinion about everything and always agreed with him. Perhaps she was not yet in love, but at the first accidental obstacle or sudden persecution of fate, the flame of passion was bound to flare up in her heart.

One day, arriving in the hall where her teacher was waiting, Marya Kirilovna noticed with amazement the embarrassment on his pale face. She opened the piano and sang a few notes, but Dubrovsky, under the pretext of a headache, apologized, interrupted the lesson and, closing the notes, secretly gave her a note. Marya Kirilovna, without having time to come to her senses, accepted her and repented at that very moment, but Dubrovsky was no longer in the hall. Marya Kirilovna went to her room, unfolded the note and read the following:

“Be at the gazebo by the stream today at 7 o’clock. I need to talk to you."

Her curiosity was greatly aroused. She had been waiting for recognition for a long time, wanting and fearing it. She would be pleased to hear confirmation of what she suspected, but she felt that it would be indecent for her to hear such an explanation from a man who, due to his condition, could not hope to ever receive her hand. She decided to go on a date, but hesitated on one thing: how she would accept the teacher’s confession, with aristocratic indignation, with exhortations of friendship, with cheerful jokes, or with silent participation. Meanwhile, she kept glancing at her watch. It got dark, candles were served, Kirila Petrovich sat down to play Boston with his visiting neighbors. The dining room clock struck the third quarter of seven, and Marya Kirilovna quietly went out onto the porch, looked around in all directions and ran into the garden.

The night was dark, the sky was covered with clouds, it was impossible to see anything two steps away, but Marya Kirilovna walked in the darkness along familiar paths and a minute later found herself at the gazebo; here she stopped to take a breath and appear before Desforges with an indifferent and unhurried appearance. But Desforges was already standing in front of her.

“Thank you,” he told her in a quiet and sad voice, “that you did not refuse me my request.” I would be in despair if you did not agree to this.

Marya Kirilovna answered with a prepared phrase:

“I hope that you will not make me repent of my leniency.”

He was silent and seemed to be gathering his courage.

“Circumstances require... I must leave you,” he finally said, “you may soon hear... But before parting, I must explain myself to you...

Marya Kirilovna did not answer anything. She saw these words as a preface to the expected recognition.

“I’m not what you assume,” he continued, lowering his head, “I’m not the Frenchman Deforge, I’m Dubrovsky.”

Marya Kirilovna screamed.

“Don’t be afraid, for God’s sake, you shouldn’t be afraid of my name.” Yes, I am that unfortunate person whom your father deprived of a piece of bread, kicked out of his father’s house and sent to rob on the highways. But you don’t need to be afraid of me, neither for yourself nor for him. It's over. I forgave him. Look, you saved him. My first bloody feat was to be accomplished over him. I walked around his house, designating where the fire would break out, where to enter his bedroom, how to cut off all his escape routes, at that moment you passed by me like a heavenly vision, and my heart was humbled. I realized that the house where you live is sacred, that not a single creature connected with you by blood ties is subject to my curse. I gave up revenge as if it were madness. For whole days I wandered around the Pokrovsky gardens in the hope of seeing your white dress. In your careless walks I followed you, sneaking from bush to bush, happy in the thought that I was protecting you, that there was no danger for you where I was secretly present. Finally the opportunity presented itself. I settled in your house. These three weeks were days of happiness for me. Their memory will be the joy of my sad life... Today I received news, after which it is impossible for me to stay here any longer. I’m parting with you today... this very hour... But first I had to open up to you so that you wouldn’t curse me or despise me. Think about Dubrovsky sometimes. Know that he was born for a different purpose, that his soul knew how to love you, that he never...

Then a light whistle was heard, and Dubrovsky fell silent. He grabbed her hand and pressed it to his burning lips. The whistle was repeated.

“Excuse me,” said Dubrovsky, “my name is, a minute can destroy me.” “He walked away, Marya Kirilovna stood motionless, Dubrovsky returned and took her hand again. “If ever,” he said to her in a gentle and touching voice, “if someday misfortune befalls you and you expect neither help nor protection from anyone, in that case, do you promise to resort to me, to demand from me everything - for your salvation? Do you promise not to reject my devotion?

Marya Kirilovna cried silently. The whistle sounded a third time.

- You are ruining me! - Dubrovsky shouted. - I will not leave you until you give me an answer, whether you promise or not?

“I promise,” whispered the poor beauty.

Excited by her meeting with Dubrovsky, Marya Kirilovna was returning from the garden. It seemed to her that all the people were running away, the house was in motion, there were a lot of people in the yard, a troika was standing at the porch, from afar she heard Kiril Petrovich’s voice and hurried to enter the rooms, fearing that her absence would not be noticed. Kirila Petrovich met her in the hall, the guests surrounded the police officer, our acquaintance, and showered him with questions. A police officer in a traveling dress, armed from head to toe, answered them with a mysterious and fussy look.

“Where were you, Masha,” asked Kirila Petrovich, “did you meet Mr. Deforge?” – Masha could hardly answer negatively.

“Imagine,” continued Kirila Petrovich, “the police officer came to seize him and assures me that it is Dubrovsky himself.”

“All the signs, Your Excellency,” said the police officer respectfully.

“Eh, brother,” Kirila Petrovich interrupted, “go away, you know where, with your signs.” I won’t give you my Frenchman until I sort out the matter myself. How can you take the word of Anton Pafnutich, a coward and a liar: he dreamed that the teacher wanted to rob him. Why didn’t he say a word to me that same morning?

“The Frenchman intimidated him, Your Excellency,” answered the police officer, “and took an oath of silence from him...

“That’s a lie,” Kirila Petrovich decided, “now I’ll bring everything to light.” clean water. Where is the teacher? - he asked the servant who entered.

“They won’t find it anywhere,” answered the servant.

“Then find him,” shouted Troekurov, beginning to doubt. “Show me your vaunted signs,” he said to the police officer, who immediately handed him the paper. - Hm, hm, twenty-three years... It’s true, but it still doesn’t prove anything. What about the teacher?

“They won’t find it, sir,” was the answer again. Kirila Petrovich began to worry; Marya Kirilovna was neither alive nor dead.

“You’re pale, Masha,” her father remarked to her, “they scared you.”

“No, daddy,” answered Masha, “I have a headache.”

- Go to your room, Masha, and don’t worry. - Masha kissed his hand and went quickly to her room, where she threw herself on the bed and sobbed in a hysterical fit. The maids came running, undressed her, and with great effort managed to calm her down. cold water and all kinds of alcohols, they put her to sleep, and she fell into a state of sleep.

Meanwhile, the Frenchman was not found. Kirila Petrovich walked back and forth around the hall, whistling menacingly The thunder of victory is heard. The guests were whispering to each other, the police chief seemed to be in a fool, and the Frenchman was not found. He probably managed to escape after being warned. But by whom and how? it remained a secret.

It was eleven, and no one thought about sleep. Finally, Kirila Petrovich said angrily to the police officer:

- Well? After all, it’s not time for you to stay here, my house is not a tavern, it’s not with your agility, brother, to catch Dubrovsky, if it’s Dubrovsky. Go home and be quicker ahead. “It’s time for you to go home,” he continued, turning to the guests. - Tell me to lay it down, but I want to sleep.

So mercilessly Troekurov parted with his guests!

The members of a sentence are divided into main and secondary.
MAIN MEMBERS OF THE PROPOSAL
The main parts of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which is connected with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case: who? or what?, for example: The weather has become (what?) good (M. Gorky). (Who?) Collective farmers finish sowing.
Ways to Express Subject

Way of expression

Examples

Noun in the nominative case (or other part of speech used in the meaning of the noun) Pronoun in the nominative case Infinitive Phraseologisms Own name

The snowstorm arrived immediately (N. Ostrovsky). It snowed heavily (N. Ostrovsky). Those gathered discussed the agenda (adv.). Nine is divided by three (number). The three slipped unnoticed into the courtyard (number). Loud cheers rang out over the square (inter.). I was driving alone in the evening on a racing droshky (I. Turgenev). Everyone went to the room assigned to him (A. Pushkin). Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland (K. Paustovsky). Young and old came out into the field. The Milky Way stretches in a wide strip, from edge to edge (V. Arsenyev). My grandmother and I quietly went to our attic (M. Gorky).

The predicate is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions: what does the subject do? what's happening to him? what is he like? what is he? Who is he? and others, for example: So the sun (what is it doing?) rises, from behind the arable land (what is it doing?) it shines (I. Nikitin); The night (what?) was fresh (M. Gorky).
The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods.

The predicate can be simple or compound.
A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of some mood is called a simple verbal predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word: Outside the window of the carriage a hummocky plain floated, bushes ran... (A.N. Tolstoy). The predicate expresses the nature of the movement: swam (moved slowly, as if on water), ran (quickly disappeared); at the same time, verbs indicate a real action (it happened in the past).
A simple verbal predicate agrees with the subject:

1. If the subject is expressed by a combination of a numeral and a noun, then the predicate-verb is in singular(in the past tense, neuter gender): A hundred years have passed (And Pushkin) or in plural: Two friends were walking in the evening (I. Krylov).
2. When the subject is expressed by a noun with a collective meaning (set, majority, large part, row, mass, etc.) in combination with the genitive plural of another noun, the predicate is put in the plural if we are talking about animate objects or if activity is emphasized each of the participants in the action, and in the singular, if the subject denotes inanimate objects:

1. Most of the students worked in the school garden.
2. A number of new houses were built this year.

1. If the subject is a noun that has a collective meaning (teaching, students, youth, etc.), then the predicate is put in the singular: The youth is singing a song of friendship (K Lebedev-Kumach).

A compound predicate is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words, for example: Vladimir began to get very worried (A. Pushkin); The dew was cold (K. Paustovsky). Compound predicates began to worry, was cold consist of two words, one of which (worry, cold) expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate, and the other (started, was) its grammatical meaning.
A compound predicate can be verbal or nominal. It consists of two parts: one part (the connective) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. The verb to be and auxiliary verbs are used as connectives.
A compound verbal predicate is a predicate that consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning, for example: The stars began to blink in the dark sky (M. Lermontov) - a compound verbal predicate consists of the auxiliary verb began and indefinite form of the verb blink.
Auxiliary verbs express the meaning of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility, for example:

Meaning	Auxiliary verbs	Examples
Beginning, continuation and end of action Possibility or desirability of action	to begin - to begin, to become, to accept, to begin, to continue, to stop - to stop, to end - to finish be able to, be able to, be able to, want - want, decide - decide, get together - get together, try - try, wish - wish	Then the whole people began to put out the fire with all their might (I. Krylov). We continued to walk silently next to each other (M. Lermontov). The girl stopped crying and only sobbed from time to time (V. Korolenko). He tried to appear young (M. Lermontov). I wanted to travel around the whole world, but I didn’t travel a hundredth part (A. Griboyedov). He tried to quickly pass the ford (A. Perventsev).

Combinations of some short adjectives (must, glad, ready, obliged, capable, intends, etc.) and official

the linking verb be in the form of one of the moods. Wed: I would like to go to college. - I would be glad to go to college. We must learn to understand labor as creativity (M. Gorky). I intended to go at dawn to the fortress gates, from where Marya Ivanovna was supposed to leave (A. Pushkin). A person must strive for a higher, brilliant goal (A. Chekhov).
A compound nominal is a predicate, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.) expressing its main lexical meaning, for example: The wind was headwind
(JI. Tolstoy) - a compound nominal predicate consists of the linking verb was and the nominal part counter, expressed by an adjective. The man was a zealous worker - a compound nominal predicate, consisting of the linking verb was and the nominal part worker, expressed by a noun.
The most common is the linking verb to be, expressing only grammatical meanings, for example:
Less common linking verbs are to do, to go, to become, to appear, to be considered, to introduce oneself, to seem, to be called, for example: It’s winter here. Everything becomes brighter, more cheerful from the first snow (A. Pushkin); The night seemed amazing and beautiful to me (K. Paustovsky); Prose, when it reaches perfection, is essentially true poetry

(K. Paustovsky); The Oka seemed very wide at night, much wider than during the day (K. Paustovsky).
Note. The role of connectives can be verbs that have the meaning of movement, state: come, arrive, return, etc.; sit, stand, etc., for example: The guys returned from camp well rested. The athletes sat on the bench satisfied with their victory.
The nominal part of a compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, a noun, a short passive participle, etc.

Method of expressing the noun phrase

Examples

Adjective Noun Brief passive participle Numeral Pronoun Adverb Syntactically complete phrase

The night was moonlit and cold (V. Arsenyev). The bear was big, old and shaggy (B. Polevoy). Accuracy and brevity are the first advantages of prose (A. Pushkin). Her eyebrows were knitted, her lips were compressed, her eyes looked straight and stern (I. Turgenev). I was third on the list. Two and five equals seven. Cherry Orchard now mine (A. Chekhov). The book was mine. The shoes will fit her. In the evening the sea was black.

Note." The nominal part may include conjunctions like, as if, exactly, introducing comparisons into the predicate meaning: A pond is like a mirror.
SECONDARY MEMBERS OF THE SENTENCE
The parts of the sentence that explain the main or other parts of the sentence are called secondary, for example: 1) A little bustard fluttered up near the road (And Chekhov) - the main terms a little bustard fluttered up; secondary members explaining the main members: fluttered (where?) near the road.

1. The full moon floated across the clear, cloudless sky (V. Arsenyev) - the minor members of the sentence clear and cloudless explain the minor members of the sentence to the sky: (floated) across the sky (which one?) clear, cloudless.

According to grammatical meanings, minor members are divided into the following types:
Addition -. this is a minor member of the sentence that answers questions of indirect cases and denotes the subject. - “gg--
Ways to express complement

Part of speech	Questions	Examples
Noun Pronoun Numeral Adverb (in the meaning of a noun) Infinitive Adjective (as a noun)	took (what?) the spoon given (by whom?) to me is divided (by what?) by five will not be similar (what?) to today please (about what?) talk remembered (what?) about the past	Gerasim picked up the spoon again and continued to slurp the cabbage soup (I. Turgenev). I was given a task. Ten is divisible by five. Tomorrow will not be like today. I ask you to speak on the merits of the matter. Everyone remembered the past.

If!
The complement can also be expressed by indivisible phrases that include nouns in the indirect case, for example: For the holidays I will go to my father and mother. The steamer carries four barges from Nizhny from the fair to Astrakhan (M. Gorky).
. The complement, as a dependent word in a phrase, is associated with the main one using control or adjacency.
Significance of the addition
Additions can be direct or indirect.
Direct objects belong to transitive verbs and denote the object to which the action is directed, for example: Today I caught (who?) a fish (A. Pushkin). Direct objects are expressed in the accusative case without a preposition or, less commonly, in the genitive case.
Genitive direct object used:

1. if you need to show that the action is not directed at the entire object, but only at part of it: I drank water (some part of the water). - I drank water (all the water that was there); 2) in some cases with a negative predicate: I remember this movie well. - I don’t remember this movie;

1. with some verbs: To be afraid of the dark.

All other additions are called indirect.
A definition is a minor member of a sentence that answers the questions: what? whose? and denotes the attribute of an object.
Meaning of definition
Definitions as dependent words refer to nouns. There are two types of definitions: consistent and inconsistent. Concordant definitions are associated with nouns by agreement, i.e. they stand in the same case, number and gender, for example: The lonely sail (what?) is white... (M. Lermontov). Inconsistent definitions are associated with nouns by the method of control or, less often, by the method of adjacency, for example: I will draw the line (k a k u y?) of the party (M. Sholokhov); The day (what?) of celebration has arrived; Reading out loud every day helped me correct my pronunciation problems.
Ways to Express a Definition

View definitions	Way expressions	Questions	Examples
Agreed Inconsistent: a) by control method	Adjective (full) Communion Ordinal number Pronouns that are inflected like adjectives Noun or pronoun in the form of oblique cases with or without prepositions Syntactically integral with a phrase (noun and adjective)	Which? which? which? whose? which? -SHNYoA"Ya? Which? whose? Which?	Here I see two lakes and azure plains (A. Pushkin). The pale sky began to turn blue again (I. Turgenev). On the third day of the journey, the skiers came out onto a wide plain. I see your lot on your bright brow (A. Pushkin). Hunting with a gun and a dog is beautiful in itself (I. Turgenev). They entered the courtyard in front of the barracks (JI. Tolstoy). His whole face was small, thin, and covered in freckles (I. Turgenev). There was a mahogany willow cabinet in the corner. A tall man with a mustache came out of the thicket (I. Turgenev).

167
Continuation

b) according to the method of connection

1. Simple form comparative adjective
2. Adverb
3. What is the infinitive form of the verb?

which?
Which?
One of the older girls barely paid attention to me (A. Chekhov).
Soft-boiled eggs were served.
Already in ancient times, people dreamed of the opportunity to fly through the air (M. Gorky).

Inconsistent definitions, compared to agreed ones, express a more specific attribute; they often have additional meanings of additions or circumstances, for example:
A special type of definition is an application expressed by a noun. It is placed in the same case and number as the word being defined.

Meaning applications

" Examples

Various qualities of an item Nationality Age Profession Names of newspapers, magazines, enterprises, works of art . knowledge, etc.

The siskin was slammed shut by the villainous trap (I. Krylov). Kirila Petrovich sent a French teacher (A. Pushkin) from Moscow for his little Sasha. An old watchman walks leisurely, smiling good-naturedly. Female navigators were not very common on the Volga (K. Paustovsky). I subscribe to the newspaper " Komsomolskaya Pravda" In the magazine “Science and Life” you will always find interesting information. The Zaporizhstal plant is the largest enterprise in our country. The work “How the Steel Was Tempered” by N. Ostrovsky has been translated into many languages ​​of the world.

Applications that are names of books, newspapers, magazines, businesses, organizations, etc. are inconsistent.
A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence, denoting a sign of an action or other sign. The circumstances explain the predicate or other members of the sentence.
According to their meaning, circumstances are divided into main types:

Species
circumstances

1. Mode of action or degree
2. Places
3. Time
4. Terms
5. Reasons

Questions
How?
what
way?
How? to what extent"
Where?
Where?
where?
When?
How long?
since when?
until when?
at what uelo in and and?
Why?
why?
For what?
For
what?
Examples
Lazy large flakes of snow (k and k?) silently slid past the window (V. Tendryakov).
Night solemnly (how?) descends to the earth (A.K. Tolstoy).
There was no more than half an hour left until evening, and the dawn was barely (to what extent?) breaking out (I. Turgenev).
Below (where?), at the foot of the ridge, a mixed forest has spread (V. Arsenyev).
Anna Vasilyevna timidly stepped (towards the oak?) towards the oak tree (Yu. Nagibin).
From here (from the top?), a magnificent view opened in all directions. (V. Arsenyev).
Today (when?) Russian is the leading language of the world (N. Tikhonov).
I kept walking and was about to lie down somewhere (until when?) until the morning (I. Turgenev).
(Since when?) From the very early morning the sky is clear (I. Turgenev).
(Under what conditions and?) If you want, you can achieve anything.
Haymaking was late (why?) because of the rains (K. Paustovsky).
(For what?) To improve your health, you need to do gymnastics.

Some circumstances may have a concessive meaning, indicating the reason against which the action is performed. Such circumstances answer questions about what? despite what?, for example: In St. Petersburg, contrary to his own expectations, he was lucky (I. Turgenev).
Ways of expressing circumstances

Species circumstances		Way of expression		Examples
Mode of action Places Time Reasons -і Terms		adverb, noun in indirect cases, participle and participial phrase adverb, noun in indirect cases adverb, noun in indirect cases, participial phrase adverb, noun in indirect cases, indefinite form verb noun in indirect cases, participial phrase		People worked (how?) calmly, quickly, silently (A. Fadeev). Davydov (how?) looked around the house with curiosity (M. Sholokhov). We stopped (where?) in front of the gate (I. Turgenev). (Where?) A woodcutter’s ax was heard in the forest (N. Nekrasov). Three girls under the window were spinning (when?) late. in the evening (A. Pushkin). (When?) By evening the meadow turned green again (M. Prishvin). A frog in a meadow, (when?) saw an ox, and decided to equal him in stature (I. Krylov). He made a mistake (why?) in the heat of the moment. (Why?) The girl jumped up and down with joy. (Why?) Tired on the road, I fell fast asleep.. A city will be founded here (why?) to spite the arrogant neighbor (A. Pushkin). In Taisanaur he stopped (for what purpose?) to change horses (A. Pushkin). It became stuffy in the hut, and I went out into the air (why?) to freshen up (M. Lermontov). In severe drought (under what conditions and?) the crop may die. Having a raincoat (under what conditions and?), I could fish in the rain.
Species circumstances	Way expressions		Examples		nbsp;
7. Concessions	noun with prepositions, participial phrase		Contrary to the prediction (contrary to what?) of my companion, the weather cleared up and promised us a quiet morning (M. Lermontov).		nbsp;

Note. The circumstance of the manner of action, in addition, can be expressed by comparative phrases with conjunctions like, as if, as if, as if, for example: Like an angry beast, the river rushed about in its banks (V. Arsenyev); It's almost noon. The heat is blazing. Like a plowman, the battle rests (A. Pushkin); On the opposite bank, like gigantic sentries, stood mighty cedars (V. Arsenyev).
The adverbial adverb is connected to the main word using adjunction or control. If the circumstance is connected with the main word management, then it can have the additional meaning of a supplement: (G d e?) Over the gray plain of the sea, the wind gathers clouds (M. Gorky). In addition to the question where?, the question of addition to what is also possible.

At about seven o'clock in the evening, some guests wanted to leave, but the owner, amused by the punch, ordered the gates to be locked and announced that he would not let anyone out of the yard until the next morning. Soon the music began to thunder, the doors to the hall opened, and the ball began. The owner and his entourage sat in the corner, drinking glass after glass and admiring the gaiety of the youth. The old women played cards. There were fewer cavaliers, as everywhere else where some uhlan brigade was not stationed, than ladies; all the men who were fit for duty were recruited. The teacher was different from everyone, he danced more than anyone else, all the young ladies chose him and found it very clever to waltz with him. Several times he circled with Marya Kirilovna, and the young ladies mockingly noticed them. Finally, around midnight, the tired owner stopped dancing, ordered dinner, and went to bed.

The absence of Kiril Petrovich gave society more freedom and liveliness. The gentlemen dared to take a place next to the ladies. The girls laughed and whispered with their neighbors; the ladies were talking loudly across the table. The men drank, argued and laughed - in short, the dinner was extremely fun and left many pleasant memories.

Only one person did not participate in the general joy: Anton Pafnutich sat gloomy and silent in his place, ate absentmindedly and seemed extremely restless. Talk about robbers excited his imagination. We will soon see that he had good reason to fear them.

Anton Pafnutich, calling the Lord as a witness that his red box was empty, did not lie and did not sin: the red box was definitely empty, the money that was once stored in it went into the leather bag that he carried on his chest under his shirt. With this precaution he calmed his distrust of everyone and his eternal fear. Being forced to spend the night in someone else's house, he was afraid that they would give him an overnight stay somewhere in a secluded room, where thieves could easily get into. He looked with his eyes for a reliable comrade and finally chose Desforges. His appearance, revealing strength, and even more so the courage he showed when meeting with a bear, which poor Anton Pafnutich could not remember without a shudder, decided his choice. When they got up from the table, Anton Pafnutich began to hover around the young Frenchman, grunting and clearing his throat, and finally turned to him with an explanation.

Hm, hm, is it possible, monsieur, for me to spend the night in your kennel, because if you please see...

Anton Pafnutich, very pleased with his knowledge of French, immediately went to give orders.

The guests began to say goodbye to each other, and each went to the room assigned to him. And Anton Pafnutich went with the teacher to the outbuilding. The night was dark. Deforge illuminated the road with a lantern, Anton Pafnutich followed him quite cheerfully, occasionally clutching a hidden bag to his chest in order to make sure that his money was still with him.

Arriving at the outbuilding, the teacher lit a candle, and both began to undress; Meanwhile, Anton Pafnutich paced around the room, examining the locks and windows and shaking his head at this disappointing sight. The doors were locked with a single bolt, the windows did not yet have double frames. He tried to complain to Deforge about this, but his knowledge of French was too limited for such a complex explanation; the Frenchman did not understand him, and Anton Pafnutich was forced to abandon his complaints. Their beds stood one opposite the other, they both lay down, and the teacher put out the candle.

Pourquois vous touché, pourquois vous touchés? “, - Anton Pafnutich shouted, conjugating the Russian verb carcass in half with sin in the French way. - I can’t sleep in the dark. - Deforge did not understand his exclamations and wished him good night.

Damn infidel,” Spitsyn grumbled, wrapping himself in a blanket. - He needed to put out the candle. It's worse for him. I can't sleep without fire. “Monsieur, monsieur,” he continued, “same ve avec vu parle.” - But the Frenchman did not answer and soon began to snore.

“The beastly Frenchman is snoring,” thought Anton Pafnutich, “but I can’t sleep. Just look, thieves will enter the open doors or climb through the window, and you won’t even get him, the beast, with guns.”

Monsieur! ah, monsieur! Damn you.

Anton Pafnutich fell silent, fatigue and the wine fumes little by little overcame his timidity, he began to doze, and soon a deep sleep completely took possession of him.

A strange awakening was in store for him. In his sleep, he felt that someone was quietly tugging at the collar of his shirt. Anton Pafnutich opened his eyes and moonlight On an autumn morning, he saw Deforges in front of him: the Frenchman was holding a pocket pistol in one hand, and with the other he was unfastening the treasured bag. Anton Pafnutich froze.

“Kes ke ce, monsieur, kes ke ce,” he said in a trembling voice.

Hush, be silent,” the teacher answered in pure Russian, “be silent or you are lost.” I'm Dubrovsky.

What do you want? (French)

I want to sleep with you (French).

Do me a favor, sir... if you please, dispose accordingly (French).

Why are you stewing, why are you stewing? (French)

Sleep (French).

I want to talk to you (French).

What is this, sir, what is this (French).

Item: Russian language.

Class: 8.

Subject: Subject. Ways of expressing the subject.

Lesson type: a lesson in learning new material.

Objective of the lesson:

generalization and deepening of students’ knowledge about the subject and ways of expressing it; develop skills in finding the subject in a sentence; nurturing the need for practical use language in various fields of activity

Lesson Objectives:

Systematize students' knowledge about the sentence as a syntactic unit;

Improve the ability to determine the grammatical basis of sentences;

Deepen the concepts of the subject and ways of expressing it;

Practice the skill of finding the subject in a sentence;

Expand and deepen the subject competence of students;

Foster the need for practical use of language in various fields of activity.

Planned results:

Subject : learn to find, with the help of a question, the grammatical basis of sentences, the subject, expressed in various morphological ways.

Metasubject :

Communication : listen and hear each other, express your thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication.

Regulatory : independently highlight and formulate a cognitive goal, search for and highlight the necessary information.

Cognitive : explain linguistic phenomena, processes, connections and relationships identified during the study of the structure, content and meaning of a word, sentence, text.

Personal : formation of skills of individual and collective research activities.

Progress of the lesson.

Teacher activities

Student activities

Organizational moment (1 min.)

Good afternoon, guys. It's October outside, and we have another lesson and that means we have to learn something new.

Open your notebooks and write down the date and type of work.

And Vika will go to the board and help us do it correctly.

Zhukova Vika(writes): October thirteenth – explains the choice of vowel

Updating basic knowledge, preparing for learning new material(5 min.)

Game "Third Man" ( Slide 1)

Let's find an extra combination of words in each group, and don't forget to explain why it is extra.

Enjoy the beauty autumn forest, flying leaves

The beauty of autumn, admire the snowflakes, walk quickly

The first snow, the trees were exposed, they flew around in the fall

Korkunov Ruslan, Oziev Isa, Vedyaskina Natalya

Enjoy beauty - a phrase based on control, the rest - coordination

Go quickly - a phrase based on adjacency, the rest are controls

The trees are exposed - this is a proposal

Communicating the topic, purpose and objectives of the lesson(2 min.)

How is a sentence different from a phrase?

Kopylov Alexander

The sentence has a grammatical (predicative) basis

What is the grammatical basis of a sentence?

Andriyan Alexander

Grammar basis sentences are its core, a reflection of reality.

Right. The grammatical basis of a sentence is an important grammatical phenomenon: without it, a sentence does not exist. That's why anyone parsing we start by finding the grammatical basis.

What is the grammatical basis of a sentence?

Zhurbenko Artyom

The grammatical basis of a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.

What is the subject? What questions does it answer?

Velikanov Maxim

The subject is the main member of the sentence that answers questions Who? What? And points to the “main” character of the sentence

So, today the subject of our study will be the SUBJECT, about which we seem to know a lot.

Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook.

(Slide 2)

Write down the topic of the lesson: “Subject. Ways of expressing the subject."

Learning new material(10 min) .

Observation of language material. Ways to express the subject (compile a table) - handouts. Appendix 1 .

There are tables on your tables. We need to find the subject in the written sentences and determine how it is expressed. We will write the answer in the left column of the table.

Way of expression

Examples

Noun in the nominative case

Blizzard came right away. Went thickly snow.

Pronoun in the nominative case

I I was driving alone in the evening on a racing droshky.

Every went to the room assigned to him.

Nobody none of my relatives slept that night.

Adjective

Communion

Numeral

Interjection

Well-fed he doesn't understand the hungry.

Gathered discussed the agenda.

Seven one is not expected.

Loud hooray swept over the square.

Infinitive

Understand- means to sympathize.

Phraseologism

We went out into the field from small to large.

Compound whole name

A wide strip, stretching from edge to edge Milky Way.

Syntactically complete phrase

Grandma and I quietly went to their attic.

Adverb

Tomorrow will definitely come

Working with a table. Select the subject and determine how it is expressed. They work “in a chain” (second row):

Blizzard is a noun in the nominative case; snow is a noun in the nominative case.

I, everyone, no one – pronoun.

Well-fed is an adjective.

Gathered - communion.

Seven is a numeral noun.

Hurray is an interjection.

Understand - infinitive.

From small to large - phraseological unit.

Milky Way is a compound name.

My grandmother and I are a complete phrase.

Tomorrow is an adverb.

Conclusion: what is SUBJECT? How can it be expressed?

In linguistics, the transition of parts of speech into the category of nouns is called SUBSTANTATION. (Writes on the board)

The subject is the main member of a sentence that names what the sentence is talking about. The subject can be either a word (any part of speech acting as a noun) or a phrase.

Consolidation of what has been learned(18 min.)

Differentiated task (10 min.)

Groups A, B – exercise 90 (I): we copy down the sentences, find the subject, determine how it is expressed.

Group C – independent work with handouts ( Appendix 2 )

The exercise is performed at the board:

Korkunov Ruslan(sentences 1-4) and Chudaev Dmitry(sentences 5-9).

Fox will lead seven wolves. (n)

Nobody not a judge in his own case. (places)

Wet not afraid of rain. (adj)

Say- funny, conceal– sinful. (inf)

Drowning grasping at straws.(prior)

One nowadays better than two tomorrow. (adv.)

Lazy sleeping sitting, lying down working. (adj)

Who I haven’t been to Moscow, I haven’t seen beauty. (places)

Ilyinykh E., Isaeva A., Burenina T., Badrov I., Ryabinin V., Vedyaskina N., Kovshova V.- After completion, the work is submitted for inspection.

Problematic question(3 min.)

Find the grammatical basis in these sentences. ( Slide 3) Was it easy for everyone to do this?

Let's remember how to distinguish between a subject expressed by a noun in the nominative case form and an object expressed in the accusative case form?

Kalikicheva Elizaveta

Good snowball will save the harvest.

Avenue fell asleep snow.

Maple sheet breaks wind strong.

You can ask a question from the predicate, or you can replace nouns with words of the 1st declension - and we will immediately see in which case the word is in

Training exercise (5 min.)

Find the subject, determine the way of expressing it. ( Slide 4).

Mutual check ( Slide 5)

Check your neighbor's work using the model on the slide, count the number of correct answers.

Write out the subject from the sentences and indicate how it is expressed.

They exchange notebooks and check the work of their deskmate.

Reflection. Summing up the lesson(7 min.)

Conversation:

What new things did you learn about the subject in today's lesson?

What is the transition of parts of speech into nouns called in linguistics?

The subject can be expressed not only by a noun and a pronoun, but also by any part of speech in the meaning of a noun.

Substantivization.

Test task (differentiated)

Complete tasks (handouts – Appendix 3 )

Homework organization(1min.)

(Slide 6)

§17 (learn lesson materials)

Exercise 93 (as assigned)

Dictionary

Write down homework

Organizational moment(1 min.)

You did a good job today, well done everyone.

Grading for the lesson.

Appendix 1

Way of expression

Examples

The well-fed cannot understand the hungry.

Seven do not wait for one.

Tomorrow will definitely come

Appendix 1

Way of expression

Examples

The snowstorm arrived immediately. It began to snow heavily.

I was driving alone in the evening on a racing droshky.

Everyone went to the room assigned to them.

None of the relatives slept that night.

The well-fed cannot understand the hungry.

Those gathered discussed the agenda.

Seven do not wait for one.

Loud cheers echoed across the square.

To understand means to sympathize.

Young and old came out into the field.

The Milky Way stretches in a wide strip from edge to edge.

My grandmother and I went quietly to our attic.

Tomorrow will definitely come

Appendix 2.

Who's knocking on my door?

Smoking is harmful to health.

Five is less than six.

Everyone touched the railing with their hand.

There were two siskins living in the cage.

Appendix 2.

Find the subject and determine the morphological way of expressing it.

And now the frosts are crackling and silvering among the fields.

Who's knocking on my door?

Smoking is harmful to health.

Five is less than six.

Everyone touched the railing with their hand.

There were two siskins living in the cage.

My friend and I are living a wonderful life together.

The one who does not see only takes what the one who sees gives him.

Appendix 2.

Find the subject and determine the morphological way of expressing it.

And now the frosts are crackling and silvering among the fields.

Who's knocking on my door?

Smoking is harmful to health.

Five is less than six.

Everyone touched the railing with their hand.

There were two siskins living in the cage.

My friend and I are living a wonderful life together.

The one who does not see only takes what the one who sees gives him.

Appendix 3.

Testing.

In which sentence is the subject expressed by an infinitive?

a) Our task is to reach the city at any cost.

b) Playing with you on the same stage is joy, honor and bliss.

c) In the forest you always need to remember signs. He began to quickly count in his studies.

Which sentence does not have a subject?

a) And I love this ringing!

b) I love you, my damask dagger, bright and cold comrade!

In which sentence is the subject expressed by a syntactically indivisible phrase?

a) Tomorrow was invented for indecisive people and children.

b) Living life is not a field to cross.

c) Polkan and Barbos were warming themselves in the sun under the kitchen window.

d) The people standing nearby stared at me in a strange way.

Determine the subject of the prepositions.

a) Enemies are our best friends.

b) What are the winds and the blue sea to me?

c) What are you howling about, night wind?