In L. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Petya Rostov is not the main character. But it is the chapters describing his stay in Denisov’s detachment and his tragic death that fully show the inhumanity and cruelty of any war. We offer summary“Peti Rostova” - chapters 7-9, parts 3, volumes 4.

In Denisov's detachment

Ever since Petya Rostov joined his regiment, and then the active army, he was in an excited and joyful state. However, it always seemed to him that all the most heroic things were happening somewhere out there, without him. Therefore, having learned about the sending of a person to Denisov, Petya began to tell the general that it should be him. The request was granted, but with the condition that in no case should he participate in the actions of the detachment and, having completed the task, immediately return back. This is how “Petya Rostov” begins, an excerpt from the novel “War and Peace”.

When Denisov asked the hero if he could stay, the hero became confused. Going to the detachment, Petya was sure that he would indeed return immediately. But seeing the French and learning that there would certainly be an attack that night, the young man decided that the general he had respected until that day was rubbish, and Denisov and his comrades were heroes. Therefore, there is no way to leave the detachment at a difficult time for it.

At dinner

In the hut, the officers set up a table on which there was vodka and rum, bread and fried lamb. Petya ate the fragrant meat, and it seemed to him that at that moment he was in love with all people. The young man turned to Davydov and asked to send him to the main one... and give him a command. During the conversation, he gave one of his officers and then remembered the raisins that he had brought with him: “I’m used to chewing something sweet.” He also promised to send a coffee pot, which he recently purchased from a sutler.

Visenya - that’s what the soldiers called the prisoner - was sitting by the fire. Petya invited him to the guardhouse, assuring him that nothing bad would be done to him. Indeed, the boy was fed, dressed in a caftan and decided to remain with the party. All this time, the hero tried not to pay attention to the Frenchman, but was wondering whether it was appropriate to give him money.

Meeting with Dolokhov: summary

Petya Rostov heard a lot about this man, and when he entered the hut, the hero was amazed at his simplicity appearance. The guards officer was shaven, the buttonhole of his coat was decorated with George, and a simple cap was on his head. Dolokhov took off his cloak and began asking Denisov about the state of affairs. We talked about the arrival of Rostov, answers to the generals, and the state of the enemy troops. After listening, Dolokhov said that it was necessary to find out exactly the composition of the latter, so he invited one of those present to go with him on reconnaissance. Petya immediately cried out: “Me!”, which displeased Denisov.

Noticing the drummer, the officer began to talk about the unwiseness of leaving prisoners alive. Denisov, who held a different point of view, entered into an argument with him, during which Petya thought. He did not understand much of what he heard and attributed everything to the fact that the big ones know everything. At the same time, he certainly decided to confront Denisov and go on reconnaissance. Finally, Dolokhov directly asked Rostov: “Are we going?” And the young man immediately gave an affirmative answer.

In intelligence: summary

Petya Rostov and Dolokhov changed into French uniforms and, having passed the camp, headed to the bridge. “If we get caught, we won’t be lost alive,” the young man whispered. Suddenly a shout was heard in French. Dolokhov confidently explained that he and a friend had fallen behind his regiment and would like to find the colonel. The sentry replied that the command was in the master's estate, and the riders moved on.

There was a fire burning in the farmyard, with several people sitting around it. Dolokhov started a conversation with them. Are there many Russians on the road, what is the state of affairs in the army, how many prisoners are there in the detachment - here is its summary. Petya Rostov - Tolstoy repeatedly emphasizes this - was afraid that their deception would now be revealed, but he held firm. And the officer kept asking questions. Finally, he said goodbye, and the riders moved on. At the bridge, Dolokhov asked to tell Denisov that in the morning he would need to advance on the signal, but he himself remained on this side.

The night before the fight

Denisov was very worried while waiting for the young man, so after making sure that the reconnaissance went well, he fell asleep. And Petya, still under the impression, went to the yard, where he told the Cossack sitting under the truck about the trip. Then he asked to sharpen his saber and sat down next to him. It suddenly seemed to Rostov that he was in some kind of magical world, where instead of a guardhouse there was a cave, instead of a fire - the eye of a monster, and he himself sat on high tower. Everything around was unreal, and Petya closed his eyes. Solemn music sounded in his head, which became louder and clearer. Finally, he realized that it was a dream. Through his slumber, he guided the sounds, listening to their beauty. Just a boy, kind, open and far from the world of cruelty in which he finds himself - this may be the characterization of a hero at this moment.

In battle

Sitting in the saddle, Rostov again asked Denisov to give him some task, and he ordered him to stay close and not interfere anywhere. However, when the signal shot rang out, Petya rushed forward. He crossed the bridge and could no longer tell where his friends were and where his enemies were. Jumping up to the crowd, he saw the Frenchman clutching the shaft of a pike aimed at him. This encouraged the young man even more, and with a cry of “Hurray!” he rushed to where the most shots were heard. In the yard manor house noticed Dolokhov, who ordered the infantry to wait. But Petya had the feeling that he had not listened to the officer, but still rushed on with the same scream. Suddenly the young man began waving his arms strangely, letting go of the reins, and falling off the saddle. The moment the horse stopped in front of the smoldering fire, Petya fell. His legs and arms twitched, although his head did not move: a bullet had pierced it. This is how the very young Petya Rostov died.

The excerpt from the novel “War and Peace” ends with Dolokhov approaching the already dead boy and, after saying: “Ready,” he gave the order not to take the wounded. And Denisov, who had arrived, turned the young man’s pale face towards him, then quickly turned away and walked away, uttering sounds reminiscent of dog barking.

Lesson No. 15

Petya Rostov in a partisan detachment

Goals:

educational:

nurturing a love for thoughtful reading of works of Russian literature, careful attention to words;

education of humanism,active life position, civic duty and patriotism;

educational:

generalization and systematization of knowledge obtained during the study of the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” on the topic of the lesson;

creating conditions for understanding the significance of war in human life;

developing:

improving skills in working with text, the ability to analyze what you read;

developing the ability to search for information in sources of various types;

formation own position on the issues discussed.

Lesson type: lesson to improve knowledge, skills and abilities.

Lesson type: workshop lesson.

Methodical techniques: conversation on issues, retelling the text, expressive reading of the text, watching episodes from feature film, student messages.

Predicted result:

know literary text ;

be able toindependently find material on the topic and systematize it.

Equipment: notebooks, literary text, computer, multimedia, presentation, feature film.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational stage.

II. Motivation educational activities. Goal setting.

The teacher's word.

The days are bright and radiant,

When they are illuminated by the rays of the peaceful sun.

But if the horizon is engulfed in a military thunderstorm

And children don't sleep because of bomb explosions,

That childhood turns into suffering,

In some kind of monstrous test.

That was the test Patriotic War 1812 for Petya Rostov.

Discussion of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

III . Improving knowledge, skills and abilities.

The teacher's word.

A researcher of L. N. Tolstoy’s work, Bychkov, noted in his essay: “The image of Petya Rostov is one of the most exciting in War and Peace.”

When do we first meet Petya in the novel?

We first met him during Natasha's name day: fat little boy, who bet with Natasha that at the birthday dinner she would ask her desperately cheerful question about the cake; he hovered around Nikolai and Denisov, who had come on vacation, like any boy who admires his older military brother; but we still didn’t notice him: he’s small.

When a letter arrived from Nikolai about his injury, nine-year-old Petya sternly said to his sisters: “It’s clear that all of you women are crybabies... I am so very glad and, truly, very glad that my brother distinguished himself so much. You are all nurses!.. If I were in Nikolushka’s place, I would kill even more of these Frenchmen...” He enthusiastically played at being an adult man - this game continued until 1812, until the onset of a new war.

At what age does Petya go to war?

At fifteen years old.

Analysis of the episode “Petya Rostov in the partisan detachment”

How did Petya end up in Denisov’s partisan detachment?

Petya asks the general, for whom he served as an orderly, to send him to the partisan detachment with a letter, and then begged Denisov to stay in the detachment.

What is he telling Denisov about?

“...About how he drove past the French and how glad he was that he was given such an assignment, and that he was already in the battle of Vyazma and that one hussar distinguished himself there.”

What did Petya look like?

Petya was “disheveled, thoroughly wet and with his trousers bunched up above his knees.” While talking with Denisov, he adjusts his trousers under his overcoat so that no one notices, “trying to look as militant as possible.”

The teacher's word.

Petya sees something fascinating in war, as in everything that changes the course everyday life, he is a “non-militant” person. He suppresses the best in himself, Rostov - aversion to murder, to violence

How does Petya react to Tikhon Shcherbaty’s story about the murder of a Frenchman?

At first he laughs with everyone, but then “Petya realized for a moment that this Tikhon had killed a man,” and “he felt embarrassed. He looked back at the captive drummer, and something pierced his heart. But this awkwardness lasted for an instant. He felt the need to raise his head higher, to cheer up...” These sensations are reminiscent of Nikolai Rostov’s feeling in the Ostrovny case, when he captured a Frenchman with a “homely face.” Nikolai Rostov also did not understand why he should kill this man, why he was to blame for him. And both of them, Petya and Nikolai, suppress these kind, human feelings in themselves.

What condition was Petya Rostov in these days?

He “was in a constantly happily excited state of joy at the fact that he was big, and in a constantly enthusiastic haste not to miss some occasion of real heroism.”

Why does he stay with Denisov?

Because “he would be ashamed to leave them for difficult moment" In Petya, as in Nikolai, there is no desire to find an easier job. “...You will let me into the most... the main..." And this is not from a desire to distinguish himself, to stand out ("I don’t need awards..."), but from a constant desire to be in the most important, interesting place. Tolstoy admires his spontaneity and sincerity.

How does Petya relate to people?

He was “in an enthusiastic childish state of tender love for all people...” Prince Andrei came to this state after much life's quest and misconceptions. Petya is given this feeling of “love for all people” by nature. He not only loves people, he also loves the world of things.

Is it by chance that a French drummer appears next to Petya in the story?

To create more full characteristics Petit L.N. Tolstoy describes the scene of communication between Petit and the French boy.

Tell us the episode. Individual task.

What character traits of Petya are revealed in this episode?

Of course, kindness. ABOUT he feels sorry for the captive drummer boy, and this feeling in him is stronger than even the desire to seem like an adult. He wants to ask about the boy. “You could ask,” he thought, “but they’ll say: the boy himself felt sorry for the boy... Well, it doesn’t matter,” and he asks permission to feed the prisoner.

Who understands this feeling for the prisoner and who laughs at him?

“Yes, pathetic boy,” Denisov said, apparently not finding anything shameful in this reminder. “...Call him.” And the soldiers also treat the boy lovingly. The Cossacks call it “Spring”, and the men and soldiers call it “Viseny”. “In both adaptations, this reminder of spring coincided with the idea of ​​a young boy.” Dolokhov calls this boy “well done” and laughs at the pity for him. “It’s decent for a young count of sixteen to say these pleasantries, but it’s time for you to leave it,” he says to Denisov, expressing the conviction that there is no need to take prisoners.

But whose side is Tolstoy on in the dispute between Denisov and Dolokhov about prisoners?

Of course, on the side of Denisov, who declared: “And I can boldly say that there is not a single person on my conscience.” He sends all prisoners under escort to the city. Dolokhov not only kills prisoners, he finds “a special pleasure in talking about this subject.” Denisov feels “awkward” during the war; Petya Rostov also feels “uneasy” when he listens to Tikhon, who has just killed a man. Dolokhov talks about murders with pleasure, and Tikhon’s face breaks into a radiant smile when he tells how he killed the Frenchman. Being human even in war is not given to everyone.

Dolokhov was distinguished by his cruelty even in peacetime. Only the sphere of application of his cold courage has changed. The war gave him great opportunities to test his courage and kill people.

What is it that Petya likes about Dolokhov?

Coolness, courage. Petya wants to imitate Dolokhov and therefore goes with him on reconnaissance.

Petya's participation in the war, in all kinds of risky enterprises, is something contrary to his essence. Petya is the bearer of life and love, not death and hatred. And in war, he sees only how the “wonderful” qualities of people manifest themselves. Petya - life and love itself - does not even seem to know about the possibility of death in war. But Denisov knows about this.

How does Denisov respond to Petya’s request to let him go on reconnaissance with Dolokhov?

“...I won’t let him in for anything.” Denisov probably sent more than one person to death, but Petya cannot.

Tell us about the episode “Petya in Intelligence.” Individual task.

How does Denisov greet Petya, returning from reconnaissance?

"God bless! - he shouted. - Well, thank God! - he repeated, listening to Petya’s enthusiastic story. “And damn you, I didn’t sleep because of you!” Denisov intuitively feels that Petya’s world is, more than anyone else’s, a world of life and love.

Reading the episode “Petit’s Dream before the Battle.”

What pictures does Petya see in his dreams?

Petya sees peaceful pictures. A man in war lives in peace. As it should be for childhood, this world is presented in the form of a magical kingdom in which there was nothing similar to reality. In this world, all the best, most mysterious, most beautiful properties hidden in people and objects are revealed. “A big black spot, perhaps there was definitely a guardhouse, or perhaps there was a cave that led into the very depths of the earth... It may be that just a Cossack Likhachev is sitting under the wagon, but it may very well be that he is the kindest, bravest , the most wonderful, most excellent person in the world, whom no one knows.” Petya hears music.

How music helps you understand state of mind Petit?

Light, calm, lyrical music helps to understand the boy’s condition. Petya is calm and peaceful. In his dream there is no roar of battles, no noise, no battle, no glory. On the contrary - peace and quiet. Peaceful sounds in his childish soul displace the alien sounds of war. From real world Only the neighing of horses bursts in and the sound of a saber being sharpened. They do not disturb the chorus, but they sound alarming.)

Why do you think L.N. Tolstoy, before starting to depict the battle, describes “the night before the battle”, “Petit’s magical dream”?

Two episodes of opposite nature - lyrical and heroic, peaceful and military. The greater the contrast, the opposite of these scenes, the more terrible the picture of the battle and Petya’s death is perceived. This is not the night before the fight, this is the night before death.

What does Petya Likhachev say when he wakes him up?

"Ready, your honor,Spread the guard in two ", Likhachev gives Petya a saber, which he sharpened at his request. Real life with all its cruelty invades Petya’s dreams. In this “spread in two” - all the cruelty and fragmentation of the world, so alien to Petya’s music.

Retelling of the episode “The Death of Petya.” Individual task.

Petya dies without having time to perform the heroic deed that he dreamed of. So he gallops to the battlefield and... doesn’t make it in time. “I’m late again,” flashed through Petya’s head.” He dies senselessly. Dolokhov orders the infantry to wait. “Wait?.. Hurray! - Petya shouted and, without hesitating a single minute, galloped to the place from where the shots were heard and where the gunpowder smoke was thickest.” Again we see “the madness of the brave” with emphasis on the first word. With Petya his world of love and happiness perished. Denisov sees “Petya’s already pale face, stained with blood and dirt.” The scene of Petya's death is a new curse on the war, its senseless cruelty.

Let's watch a film fragment from S. Bondarchuk's film "War and Peace".

How are the fragments different?

While reading, we get an impression of Denisov himself, but the film does not show his feelings about the death of Petya.

How do Dolokhov and Denisov perceive Petya’s death?

Dolokhov said twice: “Ready!”, “as if pronouncing this word gave him pleasure.” And Denisov remembered Petya’s words: “I’m used to something sweet,” and “the Cossacks looked back in surprise at sounds similar to a dog barking, with which Denisov quickly turned away, walked up to the fence and grabbed it.” The whole atmosphere of Petya's death is tragic.

The teacher's word.

For L.N. Tolstoy, who had military experience, war was an unnatural phenomenon. Petya died at the age of 15. And the terrible news of his death will still come home to his mother and father, destroying the well-being and happy life Rostov family. War makes everyone unhappy and brings only suffering and torment. This is the terrible and cruel truth of war.

“Is it really cramped for people to live in this beautiful world, under this immeasurable starry sky? Is it really possible that, amid this charming nature, a feeling of malice, revenge or the passion of exterminating one’s own kind can be retained in a person’s soul? Everything unkind in a person’s heart should, it seems, disappear in contact with nature - this most direct expression of beauty and goodness,” these words belong to Leo Tolstoy.

IV . Information about homework.

1. Reading the text.

Pierre in the novel "War and Peace".

2. Individual tasks. Retelling of the episode “Pierre’s Duel with Dolokhov.”

3. The message "Pierre on the Borodino Field."

V . Summing up.

VI . Reflection.

Answer left by: Guest

How often do we say: “What a beautiful person! “What does “beauty” mean? It seems to me that this capacious concept includes, first of all, the inner, spiritual content, when a person lives in harmony with the world around him and himself, does what he loves, realizes his benefit to society, is self-sufficient, he does not need to stupefy himself with alcohol and drugs in order to feel happiness. He sees beauty “spread everywhere”: in nature, the souls of people close to him, in works of art, music. After all, it is impossible to live without spiritual food. How poor and meaningless our life would be if there were no creativity in it in the broadest sense of the word. You can do any work with joy, do it better and better each time, introducing an element of creativity, a piece of your beautiful soul. This is within the reach of every person.
You just need to want and try to master any profession, because idleness leads to degradation. I. S. Turgenev said this very well through the mouth of his hero Bazarov. Polemicizing with Pavel Petrovich (“Fathers and Sons”), Evgeniy says: “So you respect yourself and sit back.” How well the main condition for self-respect and mutual respect in human society is outlined - the need to work! Indeed, how can a parasite, a slacker, a lazy person command respect? contempt, pity, desire to help, but not admiration. Beauty, if true, is always self-realizing. After all, it doesn’t matter what a person does, if he creates goodness and beauty around himself, does the assigned work with complete dedication, but it’s impossible to do otherwise, if it’s good and interesting to be with him, you want to imitate him. Only a slave does work under pressure, and a free citizen who knows how to evaluate his abilities must strive for excellence along with progress. It’s breathtaking to think that a person is not a grain of sand, he is capable of transforming the world, but at the core there must be a desire to multiply the beauty scattered around. She will come back a hundredfold.
And vice versa, you cannot multiply evil with impunity, destroy the beauty created before you by previous generations. When I grow up, I will become an architect. In the 21st century, everything will change significantly. I will build unusually beautiful and comfortable buildings. I want to transform this land on which we live. But for this you need to study a lot so as not to spoil what was created before you - each generation cannot start everything “from scratch.” We are not Ivans who do not remember kinship. Russia has a rich history, which was created different people, to be honest, its best pages were written by great ancestors: Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Sergius of Radonezh, poets, artists, musicians and architects who laid the standard of beauty. I believe that in the 21st century he will grow up and be educated wonderful person, which Pushkin and Lermontov, Dostoevsky and Nekrasov dreamed of. But this will not happen by magic. To do this, you need to work hard and hard on yourself: be sincere, go to people with an open soul and heart.
For me, the ideals of beauty are literary heroes created by the imagination of artists reflecting their views in a particular era: Tatyana Larina and the “Turgenev girls”, Natasha Rostova and Princess Marya, Kutuzov and Tikhon Shcherbaty, Sotnikov and Zoska Noreiko. What can I say, there is a lot literary heroes, who I want to be like, without copying behavior, gestures, clothes, demeanor. The main thing is to cultivate a bright soul, a desire to help people, take care of the land on which you were born, and do your work honestly. Is this not enough? ! It is quite enough to be a harmonious personality, an integral nature, and therefore beautiful man. This beauty does not fade with time, but year after year it becomes brighter, more refined, and more valuable.

Answer left by: Guest

Maple leaf took off from the branch and flew... he flew over the roofs of houses and felt like a free bird in the sky. And finally the wind died down and the leaf smoothly fell into the river and was carried away fast current. The maple leaf was carried to the ground, the Little Hedgehog found it and took it to his hole. And the leaf fell asleep sweetly in its winter bed.

L. N. Tolstoy.

• As a child, L.N. Tolstoy

• dreamed of making everyone

• happy people.

• Adult life brought

• changes in views

• writer, but ideals

• brotherhood and love

• he will be to all people

• faithful to the end

• days.

Before us is an excerpt from the novel “War and Peace”. The action takes place in the period from 1805 to 1820. Petya Rostov is a fictional character. He was the youngest son in the Rostov family.

D. Davydov A. Seslavin

A. Figner G. Kurin

Historical information about the partisan movement.

The most active and vibrant manifestation people's war there was an army and peasant partisan movement. Famous partisan leaders D.V. Davydov, A.N. Seslavin, A.S. Figner

One of the largest partisan detachments was the detachment of G.M. Chicken. In October, he gave the French 7 battles and liberated the city of Bogorodsk (now Noginsk) from them.

I hugged my dear ones, but the messenger gun

I interrupted the quiet sleep, and I’m flying to the slaughter!

And the daring squad rushed towards Varna...

Or should I die there?

War and death... I. I. Kozlov.

Vocabulary work.

• Burka - a long, dense cloak made of thin felt with goat hair

• Papakha – tall fur hat

• Kaftan - men's long-brimmed outerwear

• Esaul - officer rank in the hussar troops

• An orderly is an officer for assignments under the commander.

Testing your knowledge of the text. Test work.

• Excerpt topic:

A) the courage and fearlessness of the young hero

B) contrast of heroes, their attitude towards prisoners

C) the courage of soldiers during the war

2. Petya had feelings for people:

A) tender love

B) ordinary mistrust

B) deep respect

3. Sending Petya Rostov to Denisov’s detachment, the general:

A) allowed him to stay there until hostilities began

B) prohibited from participating in hostilities

B) allowed to participate in hostilities

4. The captured drummer Denisov decided:

A) send away along with other prisoners

B) keep it

B) shoot

5. Denisov saw prisoners:

A) worst enemies

B) deceived soldiers

B) unhappy people

6. Denisov asked Petya before the fight:

A) do nothing

B) face the test without fear

C) stay in the forest until the end of the battle

7. Petya dreamed of participating in battle because he wanted:

A) perform a feat

B) take revenge on the enemy

C) be useful in difficult times

8. Petit’s “musical” dream is evidence that:

A) the young hero is talented in music

B) harmony in music is understood by Petya as harmony in life, where there is no place for war

C) Petya has a rich imagination, fantasy and romanticism

9. After the death of Petya Dolokhov:

A) gave up the idea of ​​shooting prisoners

B) confirmed the decision to shoot prisoners

C) convinced Denisov that he was right

10. The narration is told on behalf of:

A) Denisova

B) Dolokhova

B) the author

Lesson reflection.

Continue the sentence.

Today in class I learned...

I liked this lesson...

Homework.

• Prepare a retelling on the topic “Peter on the night before the battle.” First, write a short outline of your story.

• Read an excerpt from the dramatization of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

Sources of materials.

• Compiled by T.F. Kurdyumova. Textbook-reader on literature. 5th grade. M.: Bustard. 2007.

• ABOUT. Belomestnykh, M.S. Korneev, I.V. Zolotareva. Lesson developments in literature grade 5. 2nd edition, expanded. M.: Vako. 2003.

• Author-compiler T.M. Ambusheva. Literature. 5th grade: lesson plans based on the textbook by T.F. Kurdyumova. Volgograd: Teacher. 2007.

Literature lesson in 5th grade on a work

L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”

Lesson topic:

Purpose of the lesson: learning to analyze an epic work,

development of monologue speech of students,

instilling patriotic feelings in students,

familiarization with human ideals L.N. Tolstoy,

definition of Leo Tolstoy’s attitude to war in contrast

two episodes “The Night Before the Battle” and “The First Battle and Death

Petit."

Lesson equipment: portrait of Leo Tolstoy, illustrations by D. Shmarinov for the novel,

film fragment from S. Bodarchuk’s film “War and Peace”,

multimedia projector.

Methodical techniques: comparative analysis fragments, conversation on issues,

commented reading, character descriptions

Board design:

Petya Rostov and his fate in the novel “War and Peace”

War is not a courtesy

and the most disgusting thing in life,

and we must understand this and not play at war.

L.N. Tolstoy

Lesson vocabulary: antithesis, fugue, heroism.

Lesson questions: 1. What is Leo Tolstoy’s attitude to war?

2. Are the concepts “child” and “war” compatible?

Lesson plan.

Mobilizing stage.(Appendix No. 1, slide No. 1 “Portrait of Leo Tolstoy”)

1.Which piece of work did we get acquainted with in the last lesson? (with a fragment from L.N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.”)

2. Who main character this passage?

(Petya Rostov is a fifteen-year-old boy who volunteered to go to war to fight the French for his fatherland)

3. What is the topic of our lesson today?

(Yes, you are right, our topic is: “The terrible truth of war.” During the lesson, working on the text of a fragment of the novel “War and Peace” about Pete Rostov, we will have to determine Leo Tolstoy’s attitude to war, answer question: “Are the concepts of “child” and “war” compatible?”, learn by continuing Russian language lessons to master monologue speech. And we ask our distinguished guests to answer the question: “What are your associations with the word “war”?” (guests are invited to the lesson, or this task is given in advance for students as homework).

Emotional introduction to the topic.(Musical piece)

Teacher's opening speech.

War is a cruel word.

War is a terrible word, like death itself.

What does it bring to humanity?

Only enormous destruction, suffering and misfortune. At all times, man dreamed of peace, and often, too often, wrote his history on the battlefields. Here are bitter but eloquent figures... In the wars of the 19th century, which included the War of 1812, 6 million people died. These are numbers... And behind them are destinies, entire lives, upside down, twisted by war, the loss of loved ones, lost health, happiness.

War means destroyed cities.

War is the deprived happy childhood children. L.N. Tolstoy tried to write the truth in his works, including the truth about the war. The writer himself fought in the Caucasus and Sevastopol, knew the war firsthand, and more than once looked death in the face. Already in those years, the writer opposed war as an inhuman phenomenon, alien to reason. Let us turn to the work of L.N. Tolstoy “War and Me”.

Learning new material(analysis of the passage).

Guys, how do you understand the meaning of the title of the novel?

(Using his favorite technique, antithesis, the writer contrasts peace in the work (as the absence of wars, peace, silence) with war (as an inhuman phenomenon). This opposition is also expressed in the composition of the novel: the entire work is divided into peaceful and military chapters, replacing each other )

What world is Petya Rostov from? Peaceful or military?

(Petya Rostov lives in a large friendly family where love and happiness reign. At the time he went to war, he was 15 years old. He still does not clearly understand what war really is. Like all boys, Petya just loves to play war.)

How did Petya appear to us at the beginning of the fragment? How did you imagine him? (students’ response) (Appendix No. 1, slide No. 2 “Characteristics of Petya Rostov”)

All your impressions are reflected in your drawings. Look carefully at the pictures and select the most successful one. Explain your choice. (exhibition of drawings by students “Petya Rostov”)

(Yes, this is a young, enthusiastic boy, generous, emotional, kind, naive. Tolstoy subtly noted: “Petya was in a constantly happily excited state of joy at the fact that he was big.” An adult can also feel happy, excited and enthusiastic, but only a child is big. Petya tries to behave like an adult, but everyone can see that he is still a child, he feels big, but in reality he is still a child, the desire to be big, to seem brave is expressed as a sincere, childish, spontaneous desire. is also superimposed on the “Rostov breed” with its enthusiasm and love for everyone and everything.)

Let's continue the analysis of the work. Is it by chance that a French drummer appears next to Petya in the story?

(To create a more complete description of Petit, L.N. Tolstoy describes the scene of communication between Petit and the French boy).

What character traits of Petya are revealed in this episode?

(Of course, kindness. For Petya, this French drummer is not an enemy, but a boy like him. Petya takes pity on the prisoner, speaks to him in a gentle whisper, worries about him. Generosity, kindness, love for everyone are the character traits of Petya Rostov.)

Was it only Petya who took care of the captive boy?

(showed concern for the captured Frenchman and ordinary soldiers, they fed him and allowed him to warm himself by the fire. By order of Denisov, he was dressed in a Russian caftan in order to remain with the detachment.)

Why did they treat him this way?

(Many soldiers, having gone to war, left their wives and children at home. Every soldier in war lives with thoughts of home, of peace. The captured French boy reminds them of the children left at home, peacetime. And they came up with a name for him - “Spring”, as a reminder about spring, about a calm, happy time. Once again it is proven that the captive drummer is perceived not as an enemy, but as an ordinary child).

The creation of a portrait of Petya Rostov complements the episode “Petya’s reconnaissance to the French camp.” Let's look at this episode.

How did it happen that it was Petya who went with Dolokhov on reconnaissance?

(Petya wanted to gain the respect of experienced people, and in his eyes Dolokhov is a hero.)

Let's see how Petya proved himself in the combat mission. Distribute into two columns the supporting words that characterize, on the one hand, Petya’s behavior, his actions, on the other, his internal state, thoughts. (Appendix No. 1, slide No. 3, “Intelligence”).

Try for a moment to imagine yourself as Petya Rostov, as this will be done by ..... (F.I. student) and think about the questions: “What is Petya like? Was he afraid?

(a student talks about intelligence on behalf of Petya)

Let's go back to the questions asked earlier? Why did Petya kiss Dolokhov?

(Petya is a brave and decisive boy. How subtly Tolstoy showed Petya’s emotional experiences, his fear of being exposed. Nevertheless, it is worth envying Petya’s self-control, his endurance. After all, he is just a child, but with what dignity he passed this test).

After experiencing the fear of being exposed by the French, Petya falls asleep and has a magical dream.

Music. Bach "Fugue". Expressive reading to students of the episode "Petit's Magic Dream".

What sounds does Petya fall asleep to? (sound of a saber being sharpened, raindrops, horses neighing)

In your drawings you tried to display what pictures arise in Petya’s imagination. Our artists will comment on their drawings. (Children's performance). (Appendix No. 2)

(Petya sees peaceful pictures. A man at war lives in peace. As befits a child, this world is presented in the form of a magical kingdom in which there was nothing like reality. This is not a soldier’s dream, this is a child’s dream.)

The reading of the dream sounded against the background of a Bach fugue. What is a fugue? (fugue-sequential

repetition of one theme song several voices.)

How does music help understand Petya’s state of mind? (Light, calm, lyrical music helps to understand the boy’s state. Petya is calm, peaceful. In his sleep there is no roar of battles, no noise, no battle, no glory. On the contrary - silence and tranquility. Peaceful sounds in his childish soul displace sounds alien to him war. Only the neighing of horses and the sound of a sharpened saber burst from the real world. They do not disturb the chorus, but they sound alarming.)

Why do you think L.N. Tolstoy, before starting to depict the battle, describes “the night before the battle”, “Petit’s magical dream”? (Two episodes of opposite nature - lyrical and heroic, peaceful and military. The greater the contrast, the opposite of these scenes, the more terrible the picture of the battle and the death of Petya is perceived. This is not the night before the battle, this is the night before death.).

Now let's read the episode " Last Stand and the death of Petya Rostov." As you read, think about the question: “How is Petya in this episode compared to the previous one?”

An impressive reading of the episode.

(Petya rushes into battle without fear. He is impatient, impatient,

afraid of not having time to accomplish something important. The naively enthusiastic boy

understands that this fight, which he is eager to enter, will be his last, not

understands that war and death are nearby).

What sounds, colors, smells do we feel when we read this episode? Find evidence in the text for your answer. (Appendix No. 1, slide 4 “First fight”)

How do these words make you feel? (Yes, war is terrible, merciless to everyone. L.N. Tolstoy loved his hero. And he evokes sympathy in us. But why does the writer structure his narrative in such a way that Petya, an innocent child, dies?

(L.N. Tolstoy wants to show the mercilessness of war. It destroys everything

your way. War does not distinguish who is in front of it - an adult or a child, a soldier

or a simple boy. A child and war are incompatible concepts. Children are

the future is life, war-death).

Comparative analysis of the film fragment and the text of the novel.

Let's watch a film fragment from S. Bodarchuk's film "War and Peace".

How are the fragments different?

(Not all episodes are filmed: evening reconnaissance with Dolokhov. Many moments are compressed. While reading, we get the impression of Denisov himself, and the film does not show his feelings about the death of Petya.)

Are your impressions of Petya’s image the same after reading the pages?

a novel - an epic and watching a video clip? (Students’ answers. Children believe that the director managed to convey the author’s attitude towards partisan warfare, to feel the peculiarities of Petya’s character, but reading has its own indescribable charm)

VI. Project activities of students.

Many of your grandparents have preserved impressions of the Great

Patriotic War of 1940-1945, since in those years they were children, like

Petya Rostov. Many of you have carried out search work and collected materials -

memories of the war. Childhood memories are emotional and intense

pain and fear. What kind of war is it? war through the eyes of a child? (Performance

student with prepared material).

What do you see in common between these memories and the episode about Pete Rostov? (Fear, horror. Children of war... They grew up before their time, the worries and hardships of wartime fell on their fragile shoulders. How to erase the terrible pictures of war from memory, overcome the fear remaining in the heart?)

Collected together, the stories and memories paint a terrible image of a war that does not have a childish face at all. They sound like an indictment of evil and violence. Children blame the war. All materials are presented in the book you created, “War Doesn’t Have a Child’s Face.” And the answers to the question “What are your associations with the word “war”?” we will place it on the first page of our book in the form of a preface. (Appendix No. 3)

VII. Generalization.

Having analyzed a fragment of the novel “War and Peace”, we can draw a conclusion about how the words of the epigraph to the lesson relate to the main idea of ​​the fragment from the novel - Leo Tolstoy’s epic “War and Peace”.

(For L.N. Tolstoy, who had military experience, war was unnatural

phenomenon. Petya died at the age of 15. And the terrible news of his death will still come

home to mother and father, destroying the well-being and happy life of the family

Rostov. War makes everyone unhappy and brings only suffering and torment.

This is the terrible and cruel truth of war.)

Are the concepts of “child” and “war” compatible?

These concepts are not compatible, they are opposite to each other. Childhood is always connected with the world.

“The days are bright and radiant,

When they are illuminated by the rays of the peaceful sun.

But if the horizon is engulfed in a military thunderstorm

And children don't sleep because of bomb explosions,

That childhood turns into suffering,

In some kind of monstrous test."

Such a test was the War of 1812 for Petya and the Great Patriotic War for your grandparents. All adults (me, grandparents, our guests) wish that the difficult trials of war will never fall to your lot.)

Homework.

Write an essay “The Last Battle and Heroic Death of Petya Rostov.”