Morning in the pine forest Shishkin Tretyakov Gallery. "Morning in a pine forest." A different look at Shishkin's masterpiece

In my distant childhood, the painting “Morning in pine forest“They didn’t just know, but passionately loved the Octobrists of both sexes. For the simple reason that it appeared on the wrappers of wonderful wafer sweets with chocolate filling...

At the opening day one day...

And here I am standing in the State Tretyakov Gallery face to face with the masterpiece of the highly respected Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. There is not even a trace of a revelation akin to the one that rolls over, they say, when meeting the original “Mona Lisa.” But this is not important, but bears are a pleasure to look at. Like relatives, mmm, dear, dear, I would eat them! The guide’s words are soothing: “Shishkin was a classical landscape painter. The painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” appeared from under his brush in 1889. It is believed that the artist wrote it under the impression of a trip through the Vologda forests. It depicts a morning pine forest...”

" Seriously? - irony awakens in me. – I would never have guessed! I always thought it was the South American pampas!” And then it turns out that I was too quick to mock the literalness of the gallery employee’s speech.

Initially, in the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest,” Shishkin painted precisely the dense forest awakening from a night’s sleep (this is how the painting is often mistakenly called “Morning in a Pine Forest”). pine forest"), and that's all - no club-footed animals. And to be precise, our famous landscape painter never painted a family of bears at all! Precisely because he is a landscape painter. Leaves, twigs, centuries-old oaks - please, with photographic authenticity, this is what became famous for centuries. Chanterelles, bunnies and other living creatures - thank you! I can’t, I can’t, I won’t. The maximum is a cow, but it is completely out of place here. To each his own, Ivan Ivanovich rightly reasoned and, having calmed himself down, went on another walk through the forests, which he adored with all his heart...

Gift from a friend

However, the next day the forest landscape no longer seemed as perfect to the artist as the day before. He stood in front of the painting for a long time, meticulously peering at the details. Let's see: the damp morning fog, the first gentle rays of the sun, the mighty trunks of centuries-old pines, the smell of pine needles - and we can almost distinguish it! But... Something is missing. The word is still modern... Ah, speakers! Life, that is. This is what Shishkin said to his comrade in the art group Savitsky, he even complained: it’s a masterpiece, they say, but it’s not that! Konstantin Apollonovich was glad to help his friend as an artist: there were paints, a brush, and then a mother bear with three cubs was born. Unexpected twist? Where is Gioconda with her indistinct smile? This is where the laughter comes in and that’s all: imagine if Dostoevsky came to visit Turgenev and said: “Come on, my dear Vanya, I’ll help you, I see that you’re in creative stagnation!” - and would have written a chapter or two in “Notes of a Hunter” with his own hand. And we, readers, would admire Turgenev’s style, not realizing that Fyodor Mikhailovich’s pen was creaking...

There must only be one left!

However, our heroes, like true friends, honestly put their signatures on the canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest”. Savitsky’s autograph was later erased by the philanthropist, collector and creator of the future famous gallery Pavel Tretyakov. The reason remained a mystery, it seems that the “father” of the bears himself asked to do this out of reverence for Shishkin, the original creator of the picture. And, logically speaking, why would a successful genre artist, “Nekrasov in painting,” who presented at exhibitions such paintings as “Repair work on railway"or "To War", the laurels of an animalist? Or maybe the second signature was removed simply because duets are not accepted in painting... One way or another, the fee for the work was paid only to Shishkin, and then everyone showed themselves by virtue of their natural essence. Speaking artistic language, the picture “How Ivan Ivanovich and Konstantin Apollonovich quarreled” unfolded...

Over the years, the story of creating a masterpiece from a candy wrapper was transformed into a much more decent version: they say, Savitsky simply suggested to Shishkin the idea of ​​“throwing” bears on an already dried canvas, and he brilliantly implemented it, it was not for nothing that he studied at the famous animal painting workshop in Munich. This is what they write in official books on the history of painting. We, ordinary spectators, with childish persistence, confuse ourselves even more, exclaiming: “Why, we know such a picture!” It's called "Three Bears"! I don’t remember the author, but the sweets were just great!”

“Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps one of the most famous paintings by Ivan Shishkin. The first thing that attracts and touches the audience looking at the masterpiece is the bears. Without animals, the picture would hardly have turned out so attractive. Meanwhile, few people know that it was not Shishkin, another artist named Savitsky, who painted the animals.

Bear Master

Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky is now not as famous as Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, whose name probably even a child knows. Nevertheless, Savitsky is also one of the most talented Russian painters. At one time he was an academician and member of the Imperial Academy of Arts. It is clear that it was on the basis of art that Savitsky met Shishkin.
Both of them loved Russian nature and selflessly depicted it on their canvases. But Ivan Ivanovich preferred landscapes in which people or animals, if they appeared, were only in the role minor characters. Savitsky, on the contrary, actively portrayed both. Apparently, thanks to his friend’s skill, Shishkin became convinced that he was not very successful with the figures of living beings.

Help from a friend

At the end of the 1880s, Ivan Shishkin completed another landscape, in which he depicted an unusually picturesque morning in a pine forest. However, according to the artist, the picture lacked some kind of accent, for which he planned to paint 2 bears. Shishkin even made sketches for future characters, but was dissatisfied with his work. It was then that he turned to Konstantin Savitsky with a request to help him with the animals. Shishkin’s friend did not refuse and happily got down to business. The bears turned out to be enviable. In addition, the number of clubfoot has doubled.
To be fair, it is worth noting that Shishkin himself had no intention of cheating at all, and when the picture was ready, he indicated not only his last name, but also Savitsky’s. Both friends were satisfied with their joint work. But everything was ruined by the founder of the world-famous gallery, Pavel Tretyakov.

Stubborn Tretyakov

It was Tretyakov who purchased “Morning in a Pine Forest” from Shishkin. However, the patron did not like the 2 signatures on the painting. And since, after purchasing this or that work of art, Tretyakov considered himself its sole and rightful owner, he went ahead and erased Savitsky’s name. Shishkin began to object, but Pavel Mikhailovich remained adamant. He said that the style of writing, including regarding bears, corresponds to the manner of Shishkin, and Savitsky is clearly superfluous here.
Ivan Shishkin shared the fee he received from Tretyakov with a friend. However, he gave Savitsky only the 4th part of the money, explaining this by the fact that he did the sketches for “Morning” without the help of Konstantin Apollonovich.
Surely Savitsky was offended by such treatment. In any case, he never painted another painting together with Shishkin. And Savitsky’s bears, in any case, really became the decoration of the picture: without them, “Morning in a Pine Forest” would hardly have received such recognition.

To get started: As you know, many epoch-making events in world history are inextricably linked with the city of Vyatka (in some versions - Kirov (which is Sergei Mironych)). What is the reason for this - the stars may have risen this way, maybe the air or alumina there is particularly healing, maybe the collage has an influence, but the fact remains: no matter what happens in the world that is especially significant, the “hand of Vyatka” can be traced in almost everything. However, until now no one has taken upon themselves the responsibility and hard work of systematizing all significant phenomena that are directly related to the history of Vyatka. In this situation, a group of young promising historians (in my person) undertook to carry out this attempt. As a result, a series of highly artistic scientific and historical essays about documented historical facts under the heading "Vyatka - the birthplace of elephants." Which is what I plan to post on this resource from time to time. So let's begin.

Vyatka - the birthplace of elephants

Vyatka bear - main character painting “Morning in a pine forest”

Art historians have long proven that Shishkin painted the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” from life, and not from the wrapper of the “Teddy Bear” candy. The history of writing the masterpiece is quite interesting.

In 1885, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin decided to paint a canvas that would reflect the deep strength and immense power of the Russian pine forest. The artist chose the Bryansk forests as the place to paint the canvas. For three months Shishkin lived in a hut, seeking unity with nature. The result of the action was the landscape “Sosnovy Bor. Morning". However, Ivan Ivanovich’s wife Sofya Karlovna, who served as the main expert and critic of the great painter’s paintings, felt that the canvas lacked dynamics. At the family council, it was decided to add forest life to the landscape. Initially, it was planned to “launch” hares along the canvas, however, their small dimensions would hardly have been able to convey the power and strength of the Russian forest. We had to choose from three textured representatives of the fauna: bear, wild boar and elk. The selection was made using the cut-off method. The boar disappeared immediately - Sofya Karlovna did not like pork. Sokhaty also did not qualify for the competition, since an elk climbing a tree would have looked unnatural. In search of a suitable bear that won the tender, Shishkin was again resettled in the Bryansk forests. However, this time he was disappointed. All Bryansk bears seemed skinny and unattractive to the painter. Shishkin continued his search in other provinces. For 4 years the artist wandered through the forests of the Oryol, Ryazan and Pskov regions, but never found an exhibit worthy of a masterpiece. “The bear is not purebred today, maybe a wild boar will do after all?” Shishkin wrote to his wife from the hut. Sofya Karlovna helped her husband here too - in Brem’s encyclopedia “Animal Life” she read that bears living in Vyatka province. The biologist described brown bear Vyatka line as “a well-built animal with a correct bite and well-standing ears.” Shishkin went to Vyatka, Omutninsky district, in search of the ideal animal. On the sixth day of living in the forest, not far from his cozy dugout, the artist discovered a den of magnificent representatives of the brown bear breed. The bears also discovered Shishkin and Ivan Ivanovich completed them from memory. In 1889, the great canvas was ready, certified by Sofia Karlovna and placed in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Unfortunately, few people now remember the significant contribution of Vyatka nature to the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest”. But in vain. To this day, there are powerful and purebred bears in these parts. It is a well-known fact that the Gromyk bear from the Zonikha animal farm posed for the emblem of the 1980 Olympics.

Vyacheslav Sykchin,
independent historian,
chairman of the bearologists' cell
Vyatka Darwinist Society.

Exposition

The film is popular due to its entertaining plot. However true value The work is a beautifully expressed state of nature, seen by the artist in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. What is shown is not a dense dense forest, but sunlight, making his way through the columns of giants. You can feel the depth of the ravines and the power of centuries-old trees. And the sunlight seems to timidly peek into this dense forest. The frolicking cubs feel the approach of morning. We are observers of wildlife and its inhabitants.

Story

Shishkin was suggested to the idea of ​​the painting by Savitsky. Savitsky painted the bears in the film itself. These bears, with some differences in poses and numbers (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches. Savitsky turned out the bears so well that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. However, when Tretyakov acquired the painting, he removed Savitsky’s signature, leaving the authorship to Shishkin. After all, in a painting, Tretyakov said, “from the concept to the execution, everything speaks about the manner of painting, about creative method, characteristic of Shishkin."

• Most Russians call this picture“Three Bears”, despite the fact that there are not three, but four bears in the picture. This is apparently due to the fact that during the USSR grocery stores They sold “Bear-toed Bear” candies with a reproduction of this picture on a candy wrapper, which were popularly called “Three Bears.”
• Another erroneous common name is “Morning in a pine forest” (tautology: a forest is a pine forest).

Notes

Literature

• Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Correspondence. Diary. Contemporaries about the artist / Comp. I. N. Shuvalova - Leningrad: Art, Leningrad branch, 1978;
• Alenov M. A., Evangulova O. S., Livshits L. I. Russian art XI - early XX centuries. - M.: Art, 1989;
• Anisov L. Shishkin. - M.: Young Guard, 1991. - (Series: Life of Remarkable People);
• State Russian Museum. Leningrad. Painting of the XII - early XX centuries. - M.: fine arts, 1979;
• Dmitrienko A. F., Kuznetsova E. V., Petrova O. F., Fedorova N. A. 50 short biographies masters of Russian art. - Leningrad, 1971;
• Lyaskovskaya O. A. Plein air in Russian paintings of the 19th century century. - M.: Art, 1966.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what “Morning in a Pine Forest” is in other dictionaries:

- “MORNING IN A PINE FOREST”, Canada Latvia, BURRACUDA FILM PRODUCTION/ATENTAT CULTURE, 1998, color, 110 min. Documentary. About the creative self-expression of six young people, the search for mutual understanding through creativity. Their lives are shown during... Encyclopedia of Cinema

MORNING IN A PINE FOREST- Painting by I.I. Shishkina. Created in 1889, located in the Tretyakov Gallery. Dimensions 139 × 213 cm. One of the most famous landscapes in Shishkin’s work depicts a dense impenetrable forest* in central Russia. In the thicket of the forest on fallen trees... ... Linguistic and regional dictionary

Jarg. stud. First scheduled in the morning training session. (Recorded 2003) ... Big dictionary Russian sayings

And Konstantin Savitsky. Savitsky painted bears, but the collector Pavel Tretyakov erased his signature, so Shishkin is often indicated as the author of the painting.

The painting is popular due to the compositional inclusion of animalistic elements in the landscape canvas. The painting conveys in detail the state of nature seen by the artist on the island of Gorodomlya. What is shown is not a dense dense forest, but sunlight breaking through the columns of tall trees. You can feel the depth of the ravines, the power of centuries-old trees, the sunlight seems to timidly peek into this dense forest. The frolicking cubs feel the approach of morning.

Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 3

✪ Morning in a pine forest, Shishkin - review of the painting

✪ Morning in a pine forest - Shishkin - Nasha art gallery!

✪ Learning to write an essay Part 4 The story of one painting “Morning in a pine forest”

Subtitles

Story

The idea for the painting was suggested to Shishkin by Savitsky, who later acted as a co-author and depicted the figures of the bear cubs. These bears, with some differences in poses and numbers (at first there were two of them), appear in the preparatory drawings and sketches. Savitsky turned out the animals so well that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. Savitsky himself told his family: “The painting was sold for 4 thousand, and I am a participant in the 4th share.”

Having acquired the painting, Tretyakov removed Savitsky’s signature, leaving the authorship behind Shishkin, because in the painting, Tretyakov said, “from the concept to the execution, everything speaks about the manner of painting, about the creative method that is peculiar to Shishkin.”

Reviews from critics

In the inventory of the gallery, initially (during the lives of the artists Shishkin and Savitsky), the painting was listed under the title “Bear Family in the Forest” (and without indicating Savitsky’s last name).

Russian prose writer and publicist V. M. Mikheev wrote the following words in 1894:

Look into this gray fog of the forest, into the “Bear Family in the Forest”... and you will understand what kind of forest expert, what a strong objective artist you are dealing with. And if something in his paintings interferes with the integrity of your impression, then it won’t be the details of the forest, but, for example, the figures of bears, the interpretation of which makes you want a lot and spoils a lot of the overall picture where the artist placed them. Obviously, the master forest specialist is not nearly as good at depicting animals.

"Three Bears"

During the Soviet era, the confectionery factory "Red October" produced candies "Bear Clubfoot", while the picture on the candy wrapper is general outline was taken from the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest”. At the same time, Red October produced Three Bears chocolate, although there were four bears on the label. The candies were popular and received the unofficial name “Three Bears” among the people, then the picture itself began to be called that.

In culture

• In the famous New Year's film “Carnival Night” directed by Eldar Ryazanov, the protagonist of the film Ogurtsov mentions a certain painting “Bears on Vacation” (possibly a reference to this painting).
• In the episode “At a Rest” of the animated series “