Which works reveal the resilience of a Russian woman. The depiction of the fate of a Russian woman in N. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'. The fate of a Russian woman in the works of N. A. Nekrasov

The image of a Russian woman in the works of N. Nekrasov.
“The Great Slav” became the heroine of many poems and poems by N. A. Nekrasov; they are all imbued with deep compassion for her fate. The poet suffers with her from backbreaking work and moral humiliation. However, it cannot be said that the Russian woman appears in Nekrasov’s poems only in the image of a peasant woman tortured by work, whose fate was affected by everything social contradictions countries. There is another type of woman in Nekrasov’s poetry, in which folk ideas about a real beauty, strongly built, ruddy, lively, hardworking. draws attention to inner beauty, the spiritual wealth of a Russian peasant woman:

There are women in Russian villages

With calm importance of faces,

With beautiful strength in movements,

With the gait, with the look of queens.

In the image of a Russian woman, Nekrasov glorifies perseverance, pride, dignity, care for the family and children. This type was most fully revealed by Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” in the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, one of the parts is dedicated to the story of whose fate. This story reflects all the life hardships of a Russian woman: separation from her husband, eternal humiliation, the suffering of a mother who lost her son, fires, loss of livestock, crop failures. However, these trials did not break her spirit; she retained her human dignity. Before us is a woman of great intelligence, selfless, strong-willed, decisive. In characterizing Matryona, folklore genres are widely used: songs, laments, lamentations. They help to express pain and melancholy, to more clearly show the bitter fate that befell a woman. Her speech exhibits folklore features: repetitions, constant epithets, exclamation forms, and an abundance of diminutives. These features make Matryona’s speech uniquely individual and give it a special liveliness and emotionality. This is the image of a peasant woman not only strong spirit, but also gifted and talented.

To reveal the author's intention, it is important to note that the part of the poem dedicated to the fate of Matryona Timofeevna is named not by her name, but by “The Peasant Woman.” Matryona's story about her life is a story about the fate of any peasant woman, a long-suffering Russian woman. This title emphasizes that Matryona’s fate is not an exception to the rule, but a typical fate of millions of Russian peasant women.

Describing the type of “stately Slavic woman,” Nekrasov finds it not only among peasants. The best spiritual qualities- willpower, ability to love, loyalty - make Matryona similar to the heroines of the poem “Russian Women”.

This work consists of two parts: the first is dedicated to Princess Trubetskoy, the second to Princess Volkonskaya. Nekrasov shows Princess Trubetskoy as if from the outside, depicting the external difficulties encountered along her path. No wonder central place This part is occupied by a scene with the governor, frightening the princess with the hardships awaiting her: hunger, shame, “the labor of a staged path.” But all the governor’s arguments about the hardships of life in Siberia fade away and lose their strength in front of the heroine’s courage, her ardent willingness to be faithful to her duty.

In the second part of the poem, the narration is told in the first person - the person of Princess Volkonskaya. Thanks to this, you understand more clearly the depth of suffering that the heroine endured. In this part there is also a dispute, equal in tension to the conversation between the governor and Trubetskoy - the dispute between the princess and her father. The father reproaches his daughter for recklessness, she speaks of duty, as well as the predestination of her fate: “as heaven pleases.”

Replacing the original title “Decembrists” with “Russian Women” emphasizes that heroism, fortitude, and moral beauty have been inherent in Russian women from time immemorial and beyond class boundaries. The type of “stately Slavic woman” is popular; it can be found both in a peasant hut and in a high-society living room, since its main component is spiritual beauty.

The image of a Russian woman occupies a significant place in Nekrasov’s work. The heroines of his poems and poems were both simple peasant women and princesses. All of them created a unique image of Nekrasov’s “stately Slavic woman,” whose appearance embodied folk ideas about a real beauty:

The beauty is a wonder to the world,

Blush, slim, tall,

She is beautiful in any clothes,

Dexterous for any job.

Nekrasov’s Russian woman is also distinguished by her spiritual wealth. In the image of a Russian peasant woman, the poet showed a tall man moral qualities, not losing faith, not broken by any sorrows. Nekrasov praises her fortitude in life trials, pride, dignity, care for family and children.

These qualities of a Russian woman are most fully revealed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” This woman herself tells us from the pages of the poem about her difficult fate. Her story contains the everyday hardships of all Russian peasant women of that time: constant humiliation, separation from her husband, the suffering of a mother who lost her son, eternal poverty... But she can endure everything:

I walked with anger in my heart,

And I didn’t say too much

A word to no one.

But Matryona Timofeevna has not lost her self-esteem; in her story one can also hear protest (“They have no soul in their chest... There is no cross on their neck!”). Not easy woman's destiny she compares white, red and black silk with three loops and says to the wanderers: “You have not started a business - to look for a happy woman among women!”

This is confirmed by the fate of Daria, described by Nekrasov in the poem “Frost, Red Nose”. We see the difficult lot of a peasant woman who took on all the men's work and dies as a result. Her fate is also perceived as a typical fate of a Russian woman:

Fate had three hard parts,

And the first part: to marry a slave,

The second is to be the mother of a slave's son,

And the third is to obey the slave until the grave,

And all these formidable shares fell

To a woman of Russian soil.

Taking care of the family, raising children, working around the house and in the field, even the hardest work - all of this fell on Daria. But she did not break under this weight. In the image of Daria, Nekrasov showed the best features of a Russian woman, in whom external attractiveness was combined with internal moral wealth.

This is exactly what the poet admires. He says about Russian peasant women that “the dirt of the wretched situation does not seem to stick to them.” Such a woman “endures both hunger and cold.” There is still room for compassion in her soul. Daria went many miles for a miraculous icon that could cure her husband, and Matryona Timofeevna forgives Savely the hero for his mistake, which led to the death of her child.

The heroine Nekrasova is capable of a moral feat. This is confirmed by the images of princesses Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya, created in the poem “Russian Women”. In this poem, Nekrasov sang the feat of the wives of the Decembrists, who shared the sad fate of their husbands. We see how all the governor’s arguments in a conversation with Princess Trubetskoy (“Let the husband be the one to blame... And you have to endure... why?”, “You run after him. Like a pathetic slave”) are shattered by the firmness of the princess’s acceptance solutions. In difficult times, she should be next to her husband. And no hardships along this path will stop her. The same can be said about Princess Volkonskaya, whose life is full of “sad losses.” “I shared the joy with him, I must share the prison... So heaven wills it!..” says the heroine. Her words contain both love and a sense of duty.

The fact that original title Nekrasov replaced the poem “Decembrists” with the generalized “Russian Women”, which speaks for itself. Best qualities inherent in the heroines of this poem - fortitude, the ability to sacrifice oneself, will - these are the traits of a Russian woman, no matter what social class she belongs to. The poet pays tribute moral beauty and the feat of a Russian woman:

And if I filled my life with struggle

For the ideal of goodness and beauty

And bears the song composed by me

Living love has beautiful traits.

O my mother, I am moved by you,

saved me living soul You.

Every writer strives to create in his works a type of woman that would express his ideas about the ideal heroine. Such are Pushkin’s Tatyana Larina, Turgenev’s girls: Liza Kapitana, Natalya Lasunskaya, Elena Stakhova. These wonderful heroines, who embodied the best features of the Russian character, were generated by the nobility. Nekrasov introduces a new heroine into his poems and poems - a peasant woman who combines the moral purity characteristic of noble girls and hard work, perseverance, and strength of character, which are formed precisely by the peasant environment.

In the poet’s early poems we see, as it were, the first sketches of the future bright and expressive image of the “majestic Slavic woman.” Nekrasov’s first poem, which brought him fame, "On the Road" dedicated to the fate of the peasant girl Grusha, who was destroyed by the gentlemen with their apparent kindness. Having given her a noble upbringing and education, they then returned her to the peasant environment, from which she had completely alienated herself. This dramatic fate of an educated girl from the people, dependent on the whim of the master, appears before us in the story of her husband, the coachman. The fates of Russian peasant women are surprisingly similar to each other in that they are filled to the brim with grief, resentment, humiliation, and backbreaking labor. Therefore in the poem "Troika", painting a charming portrait of a “black-browed savage,” the author sadly foresees her future life, which will turn this charming creature full of life into an early aged woman, in whose face “an expression of dull patience and senseless eternal fear will suddenly appear.” Thus, drawing images of peasant women, the author persistently asserts the idea that unbearable living conditions, lack of rights, and slavery ruin their destinies, cripple their souls, in which strength is uselessly extinguished, desires and aspirations are killed. About the grave female share The poem "The village suffering is in full swing" is narrated. The basis of the life of the nameless heroine of this poem is endless hard labor, which exhausts her strength and does not allow her to rest.

The poor woman is exhausted,
A column of insects sways above her,
It stings, tickles, buzzes!

Lifting a heavy roe deer,
The woman cut her bare leg -
There is no time to stop the bleeding!

This realistically drawn picture gives a vivid idea of the life of a free peasant woman, for the poem was written in 1862, that is, after the abolition of serfdom. The fate of the Russian woman from the people still remains difficult. But these unbearable conditions harden female character, forcing you to persevere through life’s trials.

The great Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, continuing the traditions of the Decembrist poets. Pushkin and Lermontov, headed new stage Russian poetry, associated with the democratic movements of the 60-70s. Friend and associate of Chernyshevsky. Dobrolyubova, poet-citizen, poet-tribune. Nekrasov was a singer of folk life who dedicated his work to the struggle for the freedom and happiness of the people. “I dedicated the lyre to my people,” the poet rightfully said about himself. All Nekrasov’s poetry is imbued with the spirit of populism, the motives of peasant life, the beauty of Russian nature, the souls of peasants. From Nekrasov’s poetry, the image of a simple peasant and herself are revealed in a new way. folk life. And it is no coincidence that Nekrasov was one of the first to highlight the bitter fate of Russian women in his works. Russian literature has never known a poet who wrote images of peasant women so often and with such understanding. Nekrasov shows us the difficult “female burden” by depicting mainly the poor, the most downtrodden and backward layers of the peasantry. In his works, Nekrasov pays great attention to the life of a serf peasant woman and her difficult lot:

Fate had three hard parts,
And the first share is to marry the slave.
The second is to be the mother of a slave son,
And the third is to submit to the slave until the grave.
And all these formidable shares fell
To a woman of Russian soil.

The poet never says condemning words to a woman - on the contrary, he devotes words of warm and passionate sympathy to her. In his poems, Nekrasov constantly returns to women's theme. The depiction of the fate of a serf peasant woman is an angry accusation serfdom, the person who created such hard labor. Describing the powerless fate of the peasant woman - “to fade without having time to bloom” - the poet at the same time knows how to show women gifted with natural beauty. Ideal image Nekrasov saw a peasant woman in a stately Slavic woman:

There are women in Russian villages
With calm importance of faces,
With beautiful strength in movements,
With the gait, with the look of queens.

Working on the poems “Frost, Red Nose”, “Who Lives Well in Rus'” and others, Nekrasov chose the life of peasant workers as the main object, and the scene of action - a typical setting - a Russian village, the poet describes the conditions in which the heroes live, talks about the difficult the life of Matryona Timofeevna - the heroine of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” and about many other things. The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” gives the most complete image of peasant life. The poem has become a “people's book”, and into which Nekrasov seeks to invest his knowledge about the peasantry. If in previous works Nekrasov primarily depicted patience and downtroddenness in peasant women, now the poet shows the desire emerging in the Russian peasant woman to get rid of obedience, from the sad legacy of centuries of slavery.
Matryona Timofeevna is a working woman, her whole appearance speaks of strength and health:

A dignified woman.
Wide and dense.
About thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful, gray hair.
The eyes are large and stern.
The richest eyelashes,
Severe and dark!

During the conversation with the peasants, her spiritual beauty is revealed. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is entirely woven from folk poetry. Lyrical songs and lamentations have long revealed the truth about the life of a peasant woman, and Nekrasov drew from this source,
creating the image of your favorite heroine. The story about Matryona Timofeevna leads to the idea of strength and in a woman, the most disadvantaged and downtrodden creature, ripening mental storm- this means that a restructuring of life is possible and close. Faith in the people, in their awakening, is expressed in the words of the poet:

Saved in slavery
Free heart
Gold, gold
People's heart!

Despite the spiritual beauty and strength of Matryona Timofeevna, fate showered her with many hardships and difficulties. Her monotonous existence is marked by only the death of Savely and her parents and the eternal care of her children. She says: “I stood up for them.” There was such a case in her life when her deep and sincere love for children was manifested in action: “And then the wanderer demanded that we not breastfeed our children on fasting days!” Many followed the wanderer's order. Matrona acted differently:

I just didn't listen.
I judged in my own way.
If you can endure it, then mothers.
I am a sinner before God.
Not my child.

Matryona's life is difficult, but still there is happiness in it. She had happy childhood, held in parental home, there was also temporary success after marriage. But neither deprivation nor a moment of happiness shook the balance and did not take away mental strength She understands that “the peasant order is inexhaustible” and that “it’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women.” This statement is justified by the list of many disasters that befell her, Matrenina. The narrator is convinced that those who seek happiness between women will be left with nothing. And she is right, since the situation of women, especially working women, was extremely difficult. But despite everything, Nekrasov’s faith in a happy future did not fade. Nekrasov pointed out and opened the way to that without which the poet henceforth could not truly breathe deeply. Nekrasov's poetry affirmed a fundamentally new attitude towards life and man. The person in it was considered in his social connections and manifestations, in his social and labor activities. This is precisely why he is close to our time.

The fate of a Russian woman in the works of Nekrasov
The image of a Russian woman occupies a significant place in Nekrasov’s work. The heroines of his poems and poems were both simple peasant women and princesses. All of them created a unique image of Nekrasov’s “stately Slavic woman,” whose appearance embodied folk ideas about a real beauty:

The beauty is a wonder to the world,

Blush, slim, tall,

She is beautiful in any clothes,

Dexterous for any job.

Nekrasov’s Russian woman is also distinguished by her spiritual wealth. In the image of a Russian peasant woman, the poet showed a person of high moral qualities, who does not lose faith, and is not broken by any sorrows. Nekrasov glorifies her perseverance in life's trials, pride, dignity, care for her family and children.

I walked with anger in my heart,

And I didn’t say too much

A word to no one.

But Matryona Timofeevna has not lost her sense of self-esteem; in her story one can also hear protest (“They don’t have a soul in their chest... There’s no cross on their neck!”). She compares a woman’s difficult fate to three loops of silk, white, red and black, and says to the wanderers: “You have not started a business - to look for a happy woman among women!”

This is confirmed by the fate of Daria, described by Nekrasov in the poem “Frost, Red Nose.” We see the difficult lot of a peasant woman who took on all the men's work and dies as a result. Her fate is also perceived as a typical fate of a Russian woman:

Fate had three hard parts,

And the first part: to marry a slave,

The second is to be the mother of a slave's son,

And the third is to obey the slave until the grave,

And all these formidable shares fell

To a woman of Russian soil.

The heroine Nekrasova is capable of a moral feat. This is confirmed by the images of princesses Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya, created in the poem “Russian Women”. In this poem, Nekrasov sang the feat of the wives of the Decembrists, who shared the sad fate of their husbands. We see how all the governor’s arguments in a conversation with Princess Trubetskoy (“Let the husband be the one to blame... But why should you endure... why?”, “You run after him. Like a pathetic slave”) are broken by the firmness of the princess’s decision. In difficult times, she should be next to her husband. And no hardships along this path will stop her. The same can be said about Princess Volkonskaya, whose life is full of “sad losses.” “I shared the joy with him, I must share the prison... It’s the way heaven wants it!..” says the heroine. Her words contain both love and a sense of duty.

The fact that Nekrasov replaced the original title of the poem “Decembrists” with the generalized “Russian Women” speaks for itself. The best qualities inherent in the heroines of this poem - fortitude, the ability to sacrifice oneself, will - these are the traits of a Russian woman, no matter what social class she belongs to. The poet pays tribute to the moral beauty and feat of the Russian woman:

And if I filled my life with struggle

For the ideal of goodness and beauty

And bears the song composed by me

Living love has beautiful traits.

O my mother, I am moved by you,

You saved the living soul in me.

The fate of a Russian woman in the works of Nekrasov