Vasily Shukshin. The story “Cut. Essay: The meaning of the title of the story by V.M. Shukshin “Cut off Shukshin cut off exam questions on the work oge

Good and evil - eternal themes, eternal values. They remain relevant in modern literature. “Is everything good in the village, in my opinion, or not everything is good,” - this is how V. Shukshin defined the concept of his story “Cut.” Loving common man and endlessly admiring his simplicity, sincerity and sincerity, the writer was able to see the negative manifestations of his nature.
The hero of the story is Gleb Kapustin. “Well-read and malicious,” the author says about him. Gleb Kapustin took upon himself the mission of arranging an exam for those coming to the village

Intellectuals.
At first glance, it may seem that the main thing in the story is the triumph of a simple villager, erudite and intelligent, over arrogant, pompous townspeople, whom the village man easily baffles with his smart questions. “They even found some attractive traits in Gleb Kapustin: courage, assertiveness,” writes researcher O. Rumyantseva. However, it is not difficult for a thoughtful reader to discern between the lines of the story the author’s true intention, a problem that he forces his reader to think about.
From the village of Novaya, as the author reports, “many noble people came out.” It is their successful present that haunts Gleb Kapustin. His life is unremarkable. Envy torments the hero. His only desire is to show everyone that he, Gleb Kapustin, is not only no worse, but also more educated, smarter, and smarter than some. And their high “titles” are worth nothing. “Soared up like a kite,” this is how the author describes the hero’s triumph in one of the episodes, and this characteristic is very eloquent. Gleb demonstrates rather not genuine erudition, but rather predatory, barbaric habits. Candidate Konstantin Ivanovich, who came to stay in the village with his old mother, greets his fellow villagers joyfully. Warm feelings evoke memories of childhood in the candidate. His heart is filled with love for everything and everyone around him. But Gleb Kapustin, as usual, rushes into the attack. Considering himself educated, he poses absurd, meaningless questions to the candidate: about the primacy of spirit and matter, about how he determines modern philosophy the concept of weightlessness, about shamanism in certain regions of the North, etc. Having not received an intelligible answer, the hero triumphs, considering his game won, and the intellectual put in his place. “I like to click on the nose - don’t go above the waterline!” – this is how Kapustin himself qualifies his actions.
His behavior is incomprehensible to neither the candidate nor his Valya. Their friendliness and hospitality do not find a response in the heart of the uninvited guest.
Everyone got used to Gleb’s habits, some were even looking forward to the opportunity to laugh again at the “ignorance” of the “arrogant” city dweller. However, when Kapustin once again “cut,” “in the voices of the men one could even hear a kind of pity for the candidates, sympathy.” Gleb continued to surprise, amaze, and delight them. But they didn’t like to love him, because, as Shukshin writes, “Gleb is cruel, and no one has ever loved cruelty anywhere.” The writer also does not like cruelty. In the story “Cut”, he castigates her, ridiculing the ignorance and arrogance of Gleb Kapustin himself.

1. “Cut off” The story “Cut off” is extremely important for understanding the author’s worldview. It is known that V. M. Shukshin attached special importance to it. In the center of the work is the figure of Gleb Kapustin - a well-read and sarcastic man....
2. Peace is one of the key images V art world Shukshin's story. He resists vanity. But peace here has nothing to do with stagnation, it means inner harmony, balance, when...
3. On our Earth, man is the highest intelligent being. I believe that this is a great honor, but at the same time a person has great responsibilities. Everyone must improve himself, purify his soul,...
4. In Russian literature, genre village prose noticeably different from all other genres. In Russia, since ancient times, the peasantry occupied main role in history: not by the strength of power (on the contrary, the peasants were the most powerless),...
5. We can probably talk about the origins of this attitude to issues of life and death, and a lot has already been said. Shukshin does not set this task for himself. He just paints a picture, amazing...
6. V. M. Shukshin was the successor of the best traditions of classical Russian literature. He always believed that the main thing in the life of the Russian intelligentsia was the desire to help people. And he wanted to help people find the truth, preserve...
7. V. M. Shukshin was the successor of the best traditions of classical Russian literature. He always believed that the main thing in the life of the Russian intelligentsia was the desire to help people. And he wanted to help people find the truth...
8. V. M. Shukshin was the successor of the best traditions of classical Russian literature. He always believed that the main thing in the life of the Russian intelligentsia was the desire to help people. And he tries first of all to help people...
9. Studying the work of V. Shukshin is a complex and urgent task. His art constantly gives rise to controversy and scientific discussions. However, true art always resists straightforwardness of judgment. Vasily Shukshin is a man of versatile talents. This...
10. Many people know and love the stories of V. M. Shukshin. Little ones life situations, which no one would have paid attention to, were included in everyone’s favorite collections short stories. Simple and understandable, they make...
11. Son Konstantin Ivanovich came to visit the old woman Agafya Zhuravleva. With my wife and daughter. Visit, relax. I drove up in a taxi, and the whole family spent a long time pulling their suitcases out of the trunk. In the evening in the village...
12. The art of V. Shukshin as a writer, actor, playwright cannot leave a single person indifferent. Let us ask ourselves the question: what is the soul and heart of Shukshin’s works? The answer is simple:...
13. The topic “Images of man in extreme conditions of war” is quite relevant in the works of writers of the 20th century. Babel’s novel “Cavalry”, the short story “The Story of a Horse” and Sholokhov’s story “The Foal” show...
14. Literary work Shukshin began in 1956 by publishing stories that made up the first collection “Rural Residents” (1963). Shukshin wrote about a hundred stories, collected in the collections “There, Away” (1968), “Countrymen” (1970), “Characters”...
15. 1. “The truth of life” in the works of Shukshin. 2. The human drama of a common man. 3. Situations in which Shukshin puts his heroes. When it comes to the “picturesque truth of life” what comes to mind is...
Speaking about Shukshin, it’s somehow awkward to even mention organic connection him with the people of Russia. But he himself is this working people who came out to new road life and completely creative...
16. Vasily Shukshin did not immediately gain fame. It came gradually, as the range of his creativity became wider and the power of his thought became more penetrating. Writer, novelist and playwright, director, actor....

1. Read the theoretical material in Task 1 of the Reader. Choose different types of arguments in defense of the thesis and antithesis.

1.● there should be free attendance at lectures;

● free attendance at lectures should not be allowed.

2.● a summer cottage is wonderful;

● a dacha is a suitcase without a handle.

3.● there is an urgent need to privatize housing;

● There is no point in privatizing housing.

4.● happiness in marriage is possible only when people love each other passionately;

● Happiness in marriage is impossible if people love each other passionately.

2. Determine the type of error in the argument.

1.A person should be honest because a reasonable person should not lie.

2. – What time is it now?

– You're late anyway.

3. When giving a Russian citizen a transit visa, the Finnish embassy in Sweden wants to be sure that he has a return ticket to Russia (by ferry, train or plane). A man hands his passport to an embassy official. He asks him: “Do you have a ticket for the ferry?” Pretending that he does not understand the reason for the question, the person asks the embassy employee a counter-bewildered question: “Is it difficult to get tickets at this time of year?”

4.– Tigers, as you know, do not fly. Only birds fly; tigers are not birds; therefore, tigers do not fly.

– May beetles, since they are not birds, do not fly?

5. Wire was found in the tomb of Egyptian pharaohs. On this basis, one “Egyptologist” suggested that in Ancient Egypt The telegraph was famous. Hearing about this, another “researcher” concluded that since no wire was found in the tombs of the Assyrian kings, wireless telegraphy was already known in Ancient Assyria.

3. Read a fragment of the story. M. Shukshina “Cut off”. Answer the following questions.

1. What type of dispute - concentrated or formless - are V. Shukshin’s heroes conducting?

2. How does the presence of listeners affect the flow of the dispute? What is the main mistake made by the interlocutors at the stage of entering into a dispute?

3. How does the text support the idea that the ability to formulate and answer questions correctly determines the effectiveness of public debate?

4. What type of questions does Gleb Kapustin use in a dispute? Analyze and characterize each question.

5. What can you say about the nature of Gleb’s questions (neutral, benevolent, unfavorable, hostile, provocative)?

6. What mistakes do Gleb’s opponents make at the refutation stage?

7. What is the role of humor, irony, sarcasm in the dispute on the part of Gleb Kapustin? What effect is achieved with these means?

8. What goal did Gleb Kapustin pursue in the dispute? Did he want to win the argument? Did he achieve his goal?

The village loved it when eminent countrymen came. Then a lot of people crowded into the hut - to listen to the guest or talk about themselves - then Gleb Kapustin came and “cut off” the noble man. Many men were looking forward to this. And then the Zhuravlevs, candidates of sciences, came to the village.

Gleb perked up.

– Well, what about primacy?

– What primacy? – the candidate again did not understand and looked carefully at Gleb. And everyone looked at Gleb.

– The primacy of spirit and matter. – Gleb threw down the gauntlet. Gleb seemed to take a casual pose and wait for the glove to be lifted.

The candidate raised his glove.

– “As always,” he said with a smile. – Matter is primary...

– What about the spirit?

– And the spirit comes later. And what?

– Is this included in the minimum? – Gleb smiled too. – Excuse me, we’re here... far from public centers, I want to talk, but you can’t really run away - no one. How does philosophy now define the concept of weightlessness?

– As always determined. Why now?

– But the phenomenon was discovered recently. – Gleb smiled straight into the candidate’s eyes. – That’s why I ask: natural philosophy, for example, will define it this way, strategic philosophy – completely differently...

– There is no such philosophy - strategic! – the candidate became agitated. – What are you talking about?

– Yes, but there is a dialectic of nature,” Gleb continued calmly, with everyone’s attention. “And nature is determined by philosophy.” Weightlessness has recently been discovered as one of the elements of nature. That's why I ask: is there no confusion among philosophers?

The candidate laughed heartily. But he laughed alone... And he felt awkward. He called his wife:

– Valya, go, we're having... some strange conversation!

Valya approached the table, but candidate Konstantin Ivanovich still felt awkward, because the men were looking at him and waiting for him to answer the question.

– Let’s establish,” the candidate spoke seriously, “what we are talking about.”

– Fine. Second question: how do you personally feel about the problem of shamanism in remote areas of the north?

The candidates laughed. Gleb Kapustin also smiled. And he waited patiently for the candidates to laugh it off.

– No, you can, of course, pretend that there is no such problem. I’ll be happy to laugh with you too...” Gleb smiled generously again. He especially smiled at the candidate’s wife, also a candidate, a candidate, so to speak.. – But this will not make the problem as such cease to exist. Right?

– Are you serious about all this? – Valya asked.

– With your permission. – Gleb Kapustin stood up and bowed restrainedly to the candidate. And he blushed. – The question, of course, is not global, but from the point of view of our brother, it would be interesting to know.

– What's the question? - exclaimed the candidate.

– Your attitude to the problem of shamanism. – Valya involuntarily laughed again.

But she caught herself and said to Gleb: “Excuse me, please.”

– Nothing,” said Gleb. – I understand that perhaps I asked a question outside of my specialty...

– No such problem! – the candidate again slashed from the shoulder. He shouldn't be like that. It shouldn't be like that.

Now Gleb laughed. And said:

– Well, no, no trial! The men looked at the candidate.

– “A woman with a cart is easier for a horse,” Gleb also said. - There is no problem, but these... - Gleb showed something intricate with his hands, - they are dancing, ringing bells... Yes? But if you want...

Gleb repeated: “If you wish, it’s as if they don’t exist.” Right? Because if... Okay!

1.1.3. Compare a fragment of V. M. Shukshin’s story “Cut” with the fragment below from D. I. Fonvizin’s play “Undergrown.” What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

1.2.3. Compare the poem by S. A. Yesenin “Birch” with the poem below by A. A. Fet “Sad Birch...” What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

Read the fragments of the works below and complete task 1.1.3.

Oh, childhood, childhood! - said the candidate. - Well, sit down at the table, friends. Everyone sat down at the table. And Gleb Kapustin sat down. He kept quiet for now. But it was clear that he was getting ready to jump. He smiled, also assented about childhood, and he kept looking at the candidate - trying it on.

At the table the conversation became more friendly, they began to seem to forget about Gleb Kapustin... And then he attacked the candidate.

In what area do you identify yourself? - he asked.

Where do I work, or what? - the candidate did not understand.

At the philology department.

Philosophy?

Not really... Well, you can say so.

A necessary item. - Gleb needed philosophy. He perked up. - Well, what about primacy?

What primacy? - the candidate did not understand again. And he looked carefully at Gleb. And everyone looked at Gleb.

The primacy of spirit and matter. - Gleb threw down the gauntlet. Gleb seemed to take a casual pose and wait for the glove to be lifted. The candidate raised his glove.

“As always,” he said with a smile. - Matter is primary...

And the spirit comes later. And what?

Is this included in the minimum? - Gleb smiled too. - Excuse me, we are here... far from public centers, I want to talk, but you can’t really run away - there’s no one to talk to. How does philosophy now define the concept of weightlessness?

As always determined. Why now?

But the phenomenon was discovered recently. - Gleb smiled straight into the candidate’s eyes. - That's why I ask. Natural philosophy, for example, will define it this way, strategic philosophy - completely differently...

Yes, there is no such philosophy - strategic! - the candidate became worried. -What are you talking about?

Yes, but there is a dialectic of nature,” Gleb continued calmly, with everyone’s attention. - And nature is determined by philosophy. Weightlessness has recently been discovered as one of the elements of nature. That's why I ask: is there no confusion among philosophers?

The candidate laughed heartily. But only one laughed. And I felt awkward. He called his wife:

Valya, go, we're having... some strange conversation!

Valya approached the table, but candidate Konstantin Ivanovich still felt awkward, because the men were looking at him and waiting for him to answer the question.

V. M. Shukshin “Cut”

***************************

Starodum. Oh, madam! It has already reached my ears that he now only deigned to unlearn. I found out who his teachers were. I see in advance what kind of literate he needs to be, studying with Kuteikin, and what kind of mathematician, studying with Tsyfirkin. (To Pravdin.) I would be curious to hear what the German taught him.

Mrs. Prostakova. All sciences, father.

Prostakov. Everything, my father.

Mitrofan. Whatever you want.

Pravdin (To Mitrofan). Why, for example?

Mitrofan (hands him the book). Here, grammar.

Pravdin (taking the book). I see. This is grammar. What do you know about it?

Mitrofan. Many. Noun and adjective...

Pravdin. Door, for example, which name: a noun or an adjective?

Mitrofan. Door? Which door?

Pravdin. Which door! This one.

Mitrofan. This? Adjective.

Pravdin. Why?

Mitrofan. Because it is attached to its place. Over there at the closet of the pole for a week the door has not yet been hung: so for now that is a noun.

Starodum. So that's why you use the word fool as an adjective, because it is applied to a stupid person?

Mitrofan. And it is known.

Mrs. Prostakova. What, what is it, my father?

Prostakov. How is it, my father?

Pravdin. It couldn't be better. He is good at grammar.

Milo. I think no less in history.

Mrs. Prostakova. Then, my father, he was still a hunter of stories.

Skotinin. Mitrofan for me. I myself won’t take my eyes off it without the elected official telling me stories. Master, son of a dog, where does everything come from!

Mrs. Prostakova. However, he still won’t come against Adam Adamych.

Pravdin (To Mitrofan). How far are you in history?

Mitrofan. How far is it? What is the story. In another you will fly to distant lands, to a kingdom of thirty.

Pravdin. A! Is this the story that Vralman teaches you?

Starodum. Vralman! The name is somewhat familiar.

Mitrofan. No. Our Adam Adamych doesn’t tell stories; He, like me, is a keen listener himself.

Mrs. Prostakova. They both force themselves to tell stories to the cowgirl Khavronya.

Pravdin. Didn’t they both study geography from her?

Ms. Prostakova (to son). Do you hear, my dear friend? What kind of science is this?

Mitrofan (quietly to mother). How do I know?

D. I. Fonvizin “Minor”

Read the works below and complete task 1.2.3.

Explanation.

1.1.3. In both works, the heroes are ignorant: Mitrofanushka does not have basic knowledge, and Gleb Kapustin is not versed in the issues with which he is trying to “cut” the candidate, but both speak with confidence about what they do not understand. Gleb is a little more well-read than those around him, or rather, he picked up the tips and individual phrases. He throws out loud and incomprehensible words: “natural philosophy”, “strategic philosophy”, he confused the science of linguistics with philosophy - he mistook the “philological department” for the faculty of philosophy. But that doesn't matter to him. He considers himself entitled to humiliate people just because they live in the city and have reached a certain position. Mitrofanushka pursues selfish goals - to appear educated in order to marry Sophia.

1.2.3. Both poems are imbued with a feeling of love for the Motherland, glorifying its discreet beauty. Main image in both poems there is an image of a birch tree, which is identified with the image of a woman. Yesenin wanted to show the sadness of female decline. Fet also compares the birch tree's outfit with a mourning outfit. What is common in the interpretation of the image is that the sadness that permeates the poems is light.

The story “Cut” is extremely important for understanding the author’s worldview. It is known that V. M. Shukshin attached special importance to it. In the center of the work is the figure of Gleb Kapustin - a well-read and sarcastic man. He has a special passion for the townspeople: he loves to compete

With them the power of intellect.

The plot of the story begins with the arrival of Konstantin Ivanovich’s son to the old woman Agafya Zhuravleva. He is a candidate of science, his wife is too, and his daughter is a schoolgirl. As a gift to the mother, they bring what they understand is necessary for village life: an electric samovar, a robe and wooden spoons.

Among the village residents there were many people who made careers and were considered noble (one colonel, two pilots, a doctor, a correspondent). Candidate of Science Zhuravlev can also be included in this category. An indispensable ritual of such people’s arrival in their native village was their story about their lives. At the same time they walked

To communicate with people with an open soul, seeing in fellow countrymen a sincere interest in themselves. Gleb loved to make a whole show out of such meetings, waiting for the right moment to “cut down” a person who, in his opinion, was arrogant, for example, to find an error in judgment or to convict him of ignorance of some important historical fact.

Shukshin's retrospective story about Gleb's dispute with the colonel over who ordered Moscow to be set on fire in 1812 is already a kind of hint at the dramatic outcome of the plot. Kapustin’s ambitious desire to cut off the candidate, as Zhuravlev is called in the story, arises already at the moment when he learns about the arrival of Konstantin Ivanovich. “ bare hand you won’t take it,” he declares. The men egg him on, hoping to watch the next performance. “This is how an experienced fist fighter behaves when it becomes known that a certain new ruffian has appeared on a hostile street,” comments V. M. Shukshin on their behavior.

The unsuspecting candidate greets guests joyfully and in a friendly manner. A certain ambiguity begins to sound in the narrative: on the one hand, Zhuravlev is a candidate of science, and on the other, he is a candidate for the next “cut,” a victim who does not yet know what kind of fight she will soon have to endure.

Instead of shared memories Kapustin begins a conversation about childhood

On philosophical topics. Zhuravlev tries to avoid the discussion and laughs it off, but this is not part of Gleb’s plans. Like a tick biting into the throat, or a kite falling like a stone on its prey, he begins to prove to Zhuravlev that his intellect is not worthy of a candidate’s salary, that he is not the thinker that they think he is, that he does not deserve the position in society that he has . But the provincials, whose inferiority he and his wife are ready to laugh at, are in no way inferior in terms of intelligence, although they are not awarded academic degrees.

In a conversation with the Zhuravlevs, Kapustin openly announces to them the purpose of his scandalous accusations: “I like to hit you on the nose - don’t lift yourself above the waterline.” The names of the heroes are symbolic in this regard: the Zhuravlevs soar somewhere high, constituting the social elite, and Kapustin never left his garden. Is this fair?

Of course, in the dispute with Zhuravlev, Kapustin is wrong both in form and in content. His tirades addressed to Konstantin Ivanovich contain more sophisticated insults and accusations than rational ideas and common sense thoughts. And to stage this whole performance in front of the person you came to visit is completely inappropriate. However, there is a lot of common sense in Kapustin’s position: when making discoveries and creating new books, representatives of science often simply hide behind words about the people’s welfare, forgetting about how the people actually live and what will change in their real hard and mundane life from these articles and discoveries .

The story of V. M. Shukshin forces society to be more attentive to the intellectual potential of the Russian person, emphasizes the need to put a barrier to the creation of pseudo-art, the so-called popular culture, which in fact spreads bad taste and intellectual wretchedness. V. M. Shukshin, with his work, first of all, “flicked on the nose” those who like to talk to the people from the position of the nobility and boast of their high position. The writer once again makes us remember that social status, in addition to benefits and privileges, imposes certain responsibilities on a person. First of all, he must correspond to him in all respects. To do this, you need to constantly work on yourself, grow professionally and creatively, and not revel in previous merits.

Essays on topics:

1. Son Konstantin Ivanovich came to visit the old woman Agafya Zhuravleva. With my wife and daughter. Visit, relax. I pulled up in a taxi, and they all...

Essay-discussion on the topic: The meaning of the title of the story by V.M. Shukshina “Cut”

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin created a huge gallery folk images. One of his favorite heroes is a village eccentric who exudes kindness, sincerity, love for people, for all living things. But in the story “Cut” we have a completely different main character. This is the peculiarity of the work.

Gleb Kapustin is a simple village worker: “A thick-lipped, blond man of forty years old, well-read and malicious.” He is very different from the good-natured Russian peasant for whom our village is famous and to whom Vasily Shukshin treats with great love and warmth. But the talented Russian writer loved this story very much and singled it out from the entire collection, because it was important for him to describe such typical representative people. After all, you shouldn’t idealize the “eccentric” Shukshin; there are people like Gleb: cruel, vindictive, envious demagogues who carry anger and hatred for other people’s successes and are confident that they are right.

The title of the story “Cut” sounds quite unusual, since rarely does anyone denote literary work of art. But it fully conveys the essence of the work . The main problem in the story “Cut” is evil, realizing itself as good, and cruelty, finding sympathy. At the center of the story is a conversation between Gleb and Konstantin Ivanovich, where Kapustin cuts off, in the opinion of the men and himself, the candidate. Moreover, the plot is structured in such a way that from the very beginning Gleb appears before the reader, and the author writes about his unique ability to cut off the noble visiting residents of the village of Novaya. Shukshin tells how he constantly cuts off famous guests, and we, too, are looking forward to what will happen next. Many did not like Kapustin for this, but there were others who liked to watch this performance every time, and they immediately went with him to such meetings. These men were drawn to him because he was different from them, he knew a lot that they had not even heard of, he could give such beatings to learned people that they would not have had the courage or knowledge to do. Although we see that Gleb draws his knowledge from newspapers, which do not always talk about real problems. His information is very superficial, he does not understand the essence of the things he is talking about, and therefore, in the eyes of Konstantin Ivanovich and his wife, at first he is ridiculous, then they think that he is just a “demagogue-slanderer,” then they do not understand what caused this hatred.

Gleb despises all noble visitors, because he believes that he is smarter than them, that they are all arrogant: “Of course, you can surprise us here: drive up to the house in a taxi, pull five suitcases out of the trunk...”. He “rolls a barrel” at everyone who has achieved something, considers it his duty to “flick on the nose” and point out their immodesty and ignorance. Kapustin does not want to look closely at people, he does not conduct a dialogue, but simply “rushes”, not seeing or hearing anything. He considers himself a truth-teller and a kind of defender of the common people from such pseudo-scientists who have not heard anything about the important problem of shamanism.