Yulia Vasilievna. Belyanchikova, Yulia Vasilievna. Training courses, master classes

Yulia Vasilievna Rozhanskaya (Smolenkova)
(1881 — 1943)

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy was not only famous writer- the author of the novels “Peter I” and “Walking in Torment”, a count and academician, but also a very loving man. He only had four official wives. He maintained excellent relationships with three of them. And only his first wife, Yulia Rozhanskaya, who lived with him from 1901 to 1907, was completely erased from his personal and creative biography. And to them themselves.

Not only literary scholars, but even the curators of the Alexei Tolstoy Memorial Apartment Museum know nothing about Rozhanskaya’s life after her divorce from the writer. Unknown to them was the fact that recent years Rozhanskaya lived in Riga and was buried at the Pokrovskoe cemetery.

The biography of Yulia Smolenkova (née Rozhanskaya) in the post-Tolstoy period had to be collected literally bit by bit. Riga resident Nina Vladimirovna Tsareva, who now lives in Yulia Vasilievna’s former Riga apartment on Matisa Street, helped restore the story.

Yulia, the daughter of Samara doctor Vasily Mikhailovich Rozhansky, was 2.5 years older than Leshurochka (that’s what Tolstaya, a children’s writer, called her son Alexander).

From Tolstoy’s letters to his mother, it can be assumed that Alyosha’s platonic relationship with Yulia did not last long. Count with youth He was distinguished by his ardent nature, was easily carried away and quickly charmed the ladies.

The novel developed rapidly. However, Alexey and Yulia were completely different people- both in character and in interests and upbringing. Tolstoy's parents encouraged his desire to write from childhood. At the age of 17, Alexey has already studied the works English philosopher John Stuart Mill's “The Subordination of Woman,” loved Turgenev, Lermontov, Gogol, and thoughtfully read Belinsky. Julia was an ordinary district young lady and was considered a beauty.

After graduating from real school, Alexey spends the whole summer with Yulia at her parents’ dacha in the village of Khvolyn, Saratov province. And although the wedding took place on June 3, 1902 in the church of the village of Turgenevo, Samara province, biographers consider the life of the spouses from 1901 to 1907.

Alexey Tolstoy decided to become an engineer and applied to several universities at once. Having entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, he returned to Samara for Yulia. In the capital, the young wife became a student of women's medical courses. They lived in different places, but it cost him nothing to walk a distance of nine kilometers to spend weekends and holidays together. At this time he writes to his mother: “Dear dad and mom. Your letter got me thinking. For whom do I live? There are two kinds of people. Some live for themselves, others live for others... I will speak frankly. At first it was you (you and dad), then gradually everything shifted to Yulia. Yes, I can say that she has become everything to me, she is the goal in life, for her I work and live... Before Yulia, I am all in full view with my sorrows and joys, with her I am ready to go hand in hand future..."

He described this story of his first love in the story “Life,” and Julia became the prototype of the heroine of the story, Gali. Their son Yuri was born on January 13, 1903 (died as a minor). Dad had just turned 20 years old, mom was 22. Both were students, and Alexey, in addition to classes and exams, devoted a lot of time to literature - he wrote essays and poems, went to literary evenings and performances. Yulia, who stayed at home with the child, was far from pleased with the frequent absences of her young husband. They make the difficult decision to take the baby to Samara and entrust him to the care of Yulia’s parents.

It soon became clear that the family idyll did not work out. The difference in views negated the former passion for each other. Young Tolstoy valued his interests very much and did not want to sacrifice them even for the sake of his wife and child.

In mid-1905, Alexey and Yulia spent two boring months in the Rozhansky house in Kazan. A few months later, Tolstoy decides to leave for Dresden without his wife. There he expects to continue his studies at the Royal Saxon Higher School of Technology. In Dresden, A. Tolstoy meets a young married lady, Sofia Isakovna Dymshits, an aspiring artist.

The death of his mother forced Alexei to take a closer look at his life and draw a line in his relationship with Yulia. Having accidentally met Sofia Isakovna Dymshits on the street, he no longer lets her out of sight.

However, Sofya Isakovna suggested that he take a trip abroad with Yulia to finally test his feelings. Less than a month later, Tolstoy returned to St. Petersburg alone: ​​family life had collapsed. Julia had a hard time with the breakup.

Having parted with her first husband, Yulia Vasilievna married a rather wealthy St. Petersburg merchant Smolenkov, who was 16 years older than her. And soon the beautiful Rozhanskaya appeared in his house, who was not much older than her stepson Nikolai.

Many years later, already in Riga, Nina Tsareva’s mother asked Nikolai Ivanovich Smolenkov why Yulia Rozhanskaya’s life with Alexei Tolstoy did not work out. “They didn’t match in character. Sociable Alexei Tolstoy, who loves bohemian bustle, and calm, balanced homebody Yulia Vasilievna. She never lost her temper. I remember how she calmly, without raising her voice, reprimanded the maid.”

No more details about the life of the Smolenkovs in St. Petersburg are known. They arrived in Riga in 1919. Merchant Ivan Smolenkov turned 55 years old, Yulia Vasilyevna turned 39, and stepson turned 29. There is an entry about this in the house register for 1922. Obviously, like many then, the family of a wealthy merchant fled from the Bolsheviks.

At first, the family settled in a small apartment on Valmieras Street, but less than a year later they moved to a three-room apartment at number 32 on Matisa Street. In the house register, in the column “Occupation,” it is indicated that Ivan Smolenkov was at that time the owner of a hardware store, his wife is recorded as a co-owner, and his son Nikolai is a clerk.

At the end of 1922, Riga was full of posters about the arrival of Count Alexei Tolstoy from Berlin. At the Russian Drama Theater he restored the play “Killer Whale” based on his own play. It seems to me that it never occurred to Tolstoy himself that his first wife lived in Riga; The already famous writer was not interested in her fate. But for Yulia Vasilievna this event hardly went unnoticed. It is possible that she bought a ticket to the Russian drama, especially since she could see ex-husband on stage: Tolstoy himself played the role of Mozzhukhin. However, we can only guess about this by comparing known facts.

It seems that by 1928 the owner of the store, Ivan Smolenkov, went bankrupt. In the house register he is listed as a worker, and his wife as a housewife. By this time, his son Nikolai, having left his nest, for some reason moved to Estonia, where the Smolenkovs had relatives near Tartu - it is possible that one of the other children of the former merchant.

And a year later, in February 1929, the merchant Smolenkov dies. His son and his widow bury him at the Pokrovskoye cemetery. On the grave there is a rather expensive cross made of black granite, ordered from the then famous granite maker Foltz. The inscription reads: “Ivan Stepanovich Smolenkov, St. Petersburg merchant,” which indicates that he did not gain either title or wealth in Latvia. Nikolai, having buried his father, lives in Riga for some time, and then leaves for Estonia with Yulia Vasilyevna.

Already in the mid-fifties, Nikolai Smolenkov was ordained a priest. His godmother Nina Tsareva asked why he never got married. The answer was: “Because I have loved a married woman all my life.” Nina Vladimirovna remained confident that he meant Yulia Vasilievna.

Yulia Vasilievna Smolenkova, née Rozhanskaya, died in 1943. She was buried in the same grave with her husband.

N. Smolenkov served as a priest in the church at the Pokrovsky cemetery, then he was transferred to Valmiera, where he died of asthma. He was buried at the Pokrovskoye cemetery, next to his father and beloved stepmother Yulia Rozhanskaya.

The grave is located along the alley to the burial place of soldiers of the First World War on the right side behind the monument to N. Iretskaya, sector Zh, No. 6.

A television program with the life-affirming title “Health” appeared on Soviet television in 1960, nine years before doctor Yulia Belyanchikova (1940-2011) became the host. For a young woman, as for most children born on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, TV was something out of science fiction - new look funds mass media I just entered the houses of Soviet people.

I'll be a doctor

Even as a medical student, the girl could not imagine that she would be an “on-screen adviser” for several generations of residents Soviet Union. It’s hard to believe, but intelligent, sophisticated, elegant Julia did not like and was even afraid to speak in public. They say that Yulia Belyanchikova (Voronkova) was distinguished not only by her professionalism, but, above all, by her intelligence.

So were her parents - residents of Balashikha near Moscow: mother Maria Ivanovna, a doctor, and father Vasily Vasilyevich, an engineer. In the era of ideas that had sunk into oblivion, sitting at the Voronkovs’ place over tea, my mother’s colleagues discussed medical discoveries and modern methods of treatment.

Little Yulia liked to listen to passionate professional conversations. The girl’s plans boiled down to one thing: “When I grow up, I’ll become a doctor!” Maria Ivanovna knew about her daughter’s cherished dream, but she knew even more about how difficult the “medical lot” was.

The mathematician is missing!

When the moment arrived to choose a profession, the parent insisted that Yulia choose a different path, for example, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Moscow state university. At school, my daughter was friends with mathematics and pleased the teachers with her achievements.

The girl lasted twelve months at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics and took a rebellious step: she passed the exams at the First Moscow Order of Lenin Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov (currently the Medical Academy). She mastered the specialty “medicine”.

So the glorious student days are left behind. Yulia Belyanchikova, like thousands of young graduates of universities, technical schools and colleges in the USSR, had a job assignment ahead of her. The beginning of the young doctor’s work biography is closely connected with the Central Institute of Blood Transfusion (Hematology science center). Fruitful time: new team, participation in scientific forums...

For the first time in Ostankino

In August 1969, the XII International Congress on Blood Transfusion took place in Moscow. The first independent, and not joint (in hematology and transfusiology) event. Future holders of a PhD degree, including graduate student Belyanchikova, took part in the organizational work. Yulia spoke English and acted as a translator at the conference.

The meeting was filmed central television. The staff of the “Health” program noted: the speech of the young woman (by this time the heroine had married and became a mother) was staged, the doctor was at ease in the frame. Qualities inherent in a leader! An offer was received to try my hand at a new field.

“I won’t succeed!” - Belyanchikova said. Yulia Vasilievna went to Ostankino to see what the new one looks like tv tower up close, what it represents from the inside. The tryouts were a mess. The lens aimed at the young doctor caused great excitement, and the answers to the questions were confusing. Is failure inevitable?

There can be no refusal

Finally the conversation turned to blood donation. An employee of the Hematology Research Institute was ready to talk endlessly on this topic. The movement under the motto “Donate blood - save a life!” “It will get stronger and expand,” Belyanchikova passionately assured. Yulia Vasilievna heard: “You are coming for us!” But she agreed when she was asked: “Are you a Komsomol member? Member of the CPSU? Don’t let us down!”

So at the All-Union Radio and Television Transmitting Station named after the 50th Anniversary of the October Revolution" ( original title Ostankino TV tower) appeared new employee. By this time, the “Health” program had passed the stage of an announcer reading news and reports on medical topics.

The audience knew the first presenter - journalist, author, screenwriter, reporter Alla Melik-Pashayeva. Now it was time to for many years“to become related” to Belyanchikova. Yulia Vasilievna, in fact, was the personal doctor of millions.

New level

To the savior of lives (that’s what the presenter was called), tons of envelopes with urgent messages were sent to the cherished address “To the program “Health”, Yulia Vasilievna Belyanchikova” (the flow was sorted out by four involved doctors at once!). People waited for each program in the hope of hearing the necessary information, including in the section “Responses to letters from viewers.” With the help of Yulechka (as older people often called the doctor among themselves), everyone found a way out for themselves.

How to recognize a heart attack? What is a stroke? What other dangerous illnesses are there? Is it possible for a mere mortal to save a person after witnessing a disaster? Belyanchikova tirelessly enlightened the audience in a language understandable and accessible to everyone. In the burning column “Mustard Plaster” (published since 1961), satire was used - they scathingly ridiculed bad habits(addiction to tobacco, drunkenness, tendency to eat fatty foods, etc.).

Who better than a person with a medical education, experience and sensitivity, to explain to people: they “forge” many ailments with their own hands due to ignorance, laziness, and indulgence in momentary weaknesses? “Health” has reached a new level.

In the studio, during interviews, famous doctors and scientists talked about the achievements of domestic science. The country, with bated breath, followed the progress of complex operations, reports from which regularly appeared on the air.

Unforgettable

Belyanchikova spoke from the screen as if she was talking confidentially with everyone. There were no publicity stunts then, the facts were carefully checked: no controversial treatment methods, dubious recipes. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the blue screen was filled with healers and psychics.

Belyanchikova did not work “for the needs of the day,” she categorically opposed “ fairy tales" She showed steel hardness, although in life, as mentioned, she was delicate and soft. Fame did not prevent her from remaining a person and a doctor with capital letters: neighbors knocked on the door at night, and she hurried to see her sick child, an old man with a heart condition.

In 1992, “Health” ceased to exist. In 1994, Yulia Vasilievna was hit on the head by a thief who broke into her home. The consequences of the injury were serious, but Belyanchikova recovered and in 1995 began working on the programs “Medical Review” and “City. Health" and "Healthy Morning".

Those around Yulia Belyanchikova considered her personal life happy: her husband (an engineer), the successor of the dynasty, her son (a dentist), her beloved granddaughter... And the age of 70 seemed not to be about her. But at the age of 71, disaster struck: a fracture of the femoral neck. The body could not cope after a complex operation; on June 5, 2011, Yulia Vasilievna Belyanchikova, whose biography is simple and clear, like her soul, passed away. Among the tall trees there is a black, austere tombstone. The short inscription says it all: “Honored Doctor of Russia... Beloved, unforgettable...”.

Yulia Vasilievna Belyanchikova (Voronkova)(July 12, 1940, Moscow - June 5, 2011, ibid.) - Soviet and Russian physician, journalist, radio presenter, TV presenter, host of the popular science television program “Health,” aired on Soviet television. Honored Doctor of the RSFSR.

Biography

She graduated from the First Moscow Order of Lenin Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov with a degree in General Medicine. She worked at the Central Institute of Blood Transfusion (now the Hematological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).

In 1968, she was invited to television in the department of natural science and socio-political programs, where she began hosting the television program “Health.” The first broadcast of the program with her participation took place on February 23, 1969. For more than 20 years she was the permanent host of the program, which, with her participation, became one of the most popular on Soviet television. During the time she hosted the program, the flow of letters from viewers to the Health program increased from 60 letters a year to 160 thousand. Viewers' questions were answered both during the broadcast and in personal correspondence. For this purpose, the program employed four qualified doctors.

Then for several years Yulia Vasilyevna Belyanchikova was the editor-in-chief of the magazine “Health”.

In the fall of 1994, Yulia Belyanchikova was attacked by a burglar. With a severe traumatic brain injury, she was taken to Central clinical hospital. After recovery, since 1995 she continued to host medical programs “Medical Review”, “City. Health" and "Healthy Morning".

Until recently, Yu. V. Belyanchikova hosted a medical program on the radio.

In 2006, she was awarded the Telegrand Prize - “For high professional excellence and great personal contribution to the popularization of healthy image life on television."

Illness and death

In March 2010, Yulia Belyanchikova turned to doctors with heart complaints, after which she was under the supervision of doctors. In early May 2011, after an unsuccessful fall, she was hospitalized with a diagnosis of a femoral neck fracture. Belyanchikova underwent a complex operation, but her body did not survive its consequences. On June 5, 2011, she died in one of the Moscow clinics. The funeral took place on June 8, farewell took place in the morgue of City Hospital No. 55. She was buried at Babushkinskoye Cemetery.

Family

Husband Yuri Kirillovich is an engineer, son Kirill is a dentist, granddaughter Maria is a schoolgirl.

", Honored Doctor of the RSFSR.

Yulia Vasilievna Belyanchikova born July 12, 1940 in Moscow. Her mother was a doctor, but her daughter was in no hurry to follow in her footsteps. Yulia entered the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics at Moscow State University, but already in her first year she realized that her calling still lay in another field. She transferred to the Faculty of General Medicine at the 1st Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov. In residency Yulia Belyanchikova I was dealing with anemia, so after completing my studies I went to work at the Central Institute of Blood Transfusion (now the Hematological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences). At the same time, she continued her graduate studies and translated scientific articles for magazines. Upon completion of graduate school, she defended her PhD thesis on leukemia and became a candidate of medical sciences.

In 1968 Yulia Belyanchikova invited to work on television in the department of natural science and socio-political programs. She hesitated for a long time, because she did not want to leave medical practice, but then agreed. On February 23, 1969, Belyanchikova made her broadcast debut as the host of the “Health” program. Before her, the program, which first aired in 1960, was hosted by a journalist Alla Melik-Pashaeva. With the arrival of Belyanchikova, the tone of the program changed. Being a professional physician, Yulia Vasilievna easily found common language with doctors, scientists and specialists invited to the studio. At the same time, she could simply and clearly explain complex medical terms unprepared audience, which made the program very popular among the general population. The presenter told the audience about new medicines and treatment methods, about scientific discoveries in the field of medicine and gave advice on what to do in critical situations.

"Health" with Yulia Belyanchikova was one of the most popular programs on Soviet television. The editors of the program received up to 160 thousand letters a year. At the insistence of the leading editorial staff, several doctors were hired to answer questions from viewers.

According to the recollections of the TV presenter herself, one of the best episodes was a program about cholera with the participation of Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikiforov and the creator of Soviet penicillin, Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva.

Yulia Belyanchikova was the permanent presenter of “Health” for 23 years. In 1992, due to a change in the broadcast schedule, the program left the air.

In 1988 Yulia Belyanchikova headed the Health magazine, where she worked until 1992.

In the fall of 1994, something happened to her tragic story. To the apartment famous TV presenter The thief broke in when Yulia Vasilyevna was at home. As a result, she was admitted to the Central Clinical Hospital with a traumatic brain injury. It took several months to recover and recover. But in the end Yulia Belyanchikova returned to active work, including on television.

In the 90s she hosted medical and educational programs “Medical Review”, “City. Health", "Healthy morning".

In the 2000s Yulia Belyanchikova hosted a medical program on the radio.

Interesting facts about Julia Belyanchikova / Julia Belyanchikova

The husband of the famous TV presenter Yuri Kirillovich worked as an engineer. They have a son, Kirill, who became a dentist, and a granddaughter, Maria.

When Yulia Belyanchikova became the presenter of “Health”, she did not have a TV at home. She bought her first television when she started receiving royalties from television.

The “Health” program was one of the first programs on domestic television in which computer graphics. Long before that Yulia Belyanchikova introduced the practice of illustration, encouraging guests to accompany their stories with drawings.

In 2006, Yulia Belyanchikova received the Telegrand Award in the nomination “For high professional excellence and great personal contribution to the popularization of a healthy lifestyle on television.”

Death of Julia Belyanchikova / Julia Belyanchikova

At the beginning of May 2011, Yulia Belyanchikova was hospitalized with a severe hip fracture. She underwent surgery, but her heart could not withstand the stress. Yulia Vasilievna Belyanchikova died in a Moscow clinic on June 5, 2011. She was buried on June 8, 2011 at the Babushkinskoye cemetery.

Programs with the participation of Julia Belyanchikova / Julia Belyanchikova

• Medical Review
• City. Health
• Healthy morning

Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, host of the popular science television program “Health”, aired on Soviet television

Yulia Belyanchikova was born on July 12, 1940 in Moscow. She graduated from the First Moscow Order of Lenin Medical Institute with a degree in General Medicine. Candidate of Medical Sciences. She worked at the Central Institute of Blood Transfusion (now the Hematological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).

In 1968, she was invited to television in the department of natural science and socio-political programs, where she began hosting the television program “Health.” The first broadcast of the program with her participation took place on February 23, 1969. For more than 20 years, she was the permanent host of the program, which, with her participation, became one of the most popular on Soviet television. During the time she hosted the program, the flow of letters from viewers to the “Health” program increased from 60 letters per year to 160 thousand per year. Viewers' questions were answered both during the broadcast and in personal correspondence. For this purpose, the program employed four qualified doctors.

Then for several years Belyanchikova headed the Health magazine.

In the fall of 1994, Yulia Belyanchikova was attacked by a burglar. She was taken to the Central Clinical Hospital with a severe head injury.

After recovery, since 1995 she continued to host medical programs “Medical Review”, “City. Health", "Healthy morning".

Until recently, Belyanchikova hosted a medical program on the radio.

In 2006, she was awarded the Telegrand Prize - “For high professional excellence and great personal contribution to the popularization of a healthy lifestyle on television.”

Illness and death

In March 2010, Yulia Belyanchikova turned to doctors with heart complaints, after which she was under the supervision of doctors. In early May 2011, after a bad fall, she was hospitalized with a femoral neck fracture. Belyanchikova underwent a complex operation, but her body did not survive the consequences of this operation. On June 5, 2011, Yulia Vasilievna died in one of the Moscow clinics. The funeral of the famous TV presenter will take place on June 8, 2011, the farewell will take place in the morgue of City Hospital No. 55. The TV presenter will be buried at the Babushkinskoye cemetery.